中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十七 完形填空 第2講 完形填空 No One Words But My Own.doc

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專題十七 完形填空 第2講No One Words But My Own 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習(xí)，靈活應(yīng)對各種完形填空題。 名師點撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 一、高頻詞 【課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標(biāo)記出學(xué)生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)—良—差）】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 備注 掌握情況 interview v./n. 1) 面試2)采訪 a job interview interviewing my friends 相關(guān)詞：interviewer; interviewee等 cover v. 1) 覆蓋2)設(shè)計 3)報道 Snow covered the ground. …covering middle school events event n.1)事件 2)比賽項目 talent n. 天賦；天才 a talented poet 相關(guān)詞：talented gift n. 1)禮物2)天賦 He had a gift for language. 相關(guān)詞：gifted rewrite v. 重寫 前綴re- 表示“再；又”e.g. rebuild; recycle; reconnect等 piece n.1)一塊;一首 2)(新聞的)文章 a piece of music a piece about the Internet paper n. 1)紙2)報紙3)試卷 I read about it in the paper. the geography paper expect v. 1)預(yù)料 2)期望 I expect you to write… 相關(guān)詞：expectation painful adj.痛苦的;艱難的 a painful experience 后綴-ful表示“充滿…的” “有…傾向的”e.g. thankful; helpful; hopeful; forgetful等 successful adj. 成功的 相關(guān)詞：success; succeed; successfully express v. 表達(dá) adj. 快遞的 EMS= Express Mail Service 相關(guān)詞：expression experience n. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗 v. 經(jīng)歷；體驗 I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as a writer. improve v.提高；改善 I need to improve my English. 相關(guān)詞：improvement allow v. 允許 …because I allowed him to do it. realize v. 意識到；實現(xiàn) share v. 1)共有 2)分享 n. 份額;一份 Eli shared his chocolate with the other kids. confident adj.自信的 相關(guān)詞：confidence disappointment n. 失望；遺憾 相關(guān)詞：disappoint; disappointed等 reach v. 1)抵達(dá) 2)達(dá)到 3)伸手 4)夠得著 n. 影響范圍 reach a conclusion I can’t reach that far. beyond the reach of… raise v. 1) 舉起2)提高 3)籌集 4)提出 5)撫養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；種植 raise your hand; raise the price raise money; raise many questions 相關(guān)詞：rise bright Adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)有希望的;光明的 The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future. be full of 充滿 相關(guān)詞：be filled with turn in 上交 相關(guān)詞：hand in instead of 代替；而不是 I turned in his version instead of mine. as a result 結(jié)果是 as a result, he rewrote the whole piece… 相關(guān)詞：as a result of take one’s place 取代某人 …another student took my place… 相關(guān)詞：take the place of sb.; take place depend on 依靠；取決于 It taught me to depend on myself… 二、長難句 【課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子翻譯?！? 1. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________ 本句含有“so…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“如此…以至于…” 句子翻譯：____________________________________________________ 這篇文章比我的文章好很多因此我上交了他的版本而不是我自己的。 仿句練習(xí)：他太聰明了以致他可以理解我講了什么。 ______________________________________________________________ He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 2. Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week for the second page of the paper. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________ 本句含有“based” 過去分詞做狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)，和“you wrote about summer”省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句。 句子翻譯：____________________________________________________ 根據(jù)你寫的關(guān)于夏天的優(yōu)秀文章，我希望你每星期為校報的第二版寫一篇個人觀點文章。 仿句練習(xí)：根據(jù)他們的調(diào)查研究，專家建議農(nóng)民種植多種農(nóng)作物。 ______________________________________________________________ Basedontheir research, the experts suggest that farmers plant a variety of crops. 3. Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a ___40__ side. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________ 本句含有“Looking back”現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)，和that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 句子翻譯：____________________________________________________ 回首過去，我意識到學(xué)校經(jīng)歷的痛苦和恥辱有…的一面。 仿句練習(xí)：回顧過去，他心中充滿了幸福和驕傲。 ______________________________________________________________ Lookingback,heishappyandproud. 回頭一想，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這一切竟是如此簡單。 ______________________________________________________________ Lookingback,Ifindhoweasilyitwas. 4. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best self. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________ 本句是含有三個并列謂語(try; find; be)的簡單句。 句子翻譯：____________________________________________________ 因此每一天，我試著用我自己的話，找到自己的風(fēng)格，做最好的自己。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、完形填空解題步驟 第一步 通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò) 跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達(dá)的寓意。 第二步 瞻前顧后，上下求索 聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞?！揪唧w的解題策略會在下一部分詳細(xì)描述】 第三步 再讀文章，核查答案 代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查，爭取做到： 結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。 二、完形填空解題策略 方法 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 解釋 “詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關(guān)系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞)等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 例題 例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！? 例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _________. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解釋 “上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達(dá)的含義。 例題 例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B。】 方法 方法三：邏輯推理法 解釋 “邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。 例題 例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達(dá)的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！? 方法 方法四：文化背景常識法 解釋 “文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。 例題 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！? 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解釋 完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學(xué)固定搭配選出正確答案。 例題 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！? 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D。】 語篇精講 障礙閱讀 【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在障礙閱讀的前提下領(lǐng)悟文章的主要意思，防止學(xué)生理解跑偏】 （東城一模）No One Words But My Own The classroom was full of those of us who wanted to work on the school newspaper. I didn’t write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I __31__the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events. To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our __32__. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father, a talented poet. He read it and frowned (皺眉). “It’s okay.” my father said, taking out a pencil “But how about changing this sentence to ...” And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece—without me, for I never said anything to __33___ him. No surprise—his version(版本)was ___34___ . He had a gift for language. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine. “Welcome to the Dundee School News,” my teacher said to me. But before I could be ___35__ about the news, he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week for the second page of the paper." I was so surprised! I was unable to write at that level, but I couldn’t tell the___36___ to the teacher, and I couldn’t ask my father for help, either. That term working on the paper was really painful. And my teacher clearly expressed his __37__. “Can’t you write something more like the first piece you wrote?” he said, each time I turned in my article. I couldnt, because at that age, I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as a writer. Week after week, I tried hard, but my writing never ___38___ the level of the first article. At last, to my total shame, another student took my place. I ___39___ that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. But in my heart I knew it was my fault (錯誤)because I allowed him to do it. Later, I did become a successful writer on my own. Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a ___40__ side. It taught me to depend on myself and be myself. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best self. It feels great. 文章大意為 ______________________________________________________________________________________ （只給出關(guān)鍵詞即可） 參考答案：When he was at school, the writer wanted to work on the school newspaper. He needed to turn in an article but he turned the version written by his father. Though he got the chance, his real writing level made the teacher disappointed. At last another student took his place. The writer realized that he needed to depend on himself to be successful. 參考關(guān)鍵詞：writing; my father; rewrite; on my own 【注：程度比較好的學(xué)生可以進(jìn)行無選項填空訓(xùn)練】 語篇練習(xí) 話題 體裁 詞數(shù) 建議用時 實際用時 正確率 難度 人物故事類 記敘文 418 12-15分鐘 __/10 （東城一模）No One Words But My Own The classroom was full of those of us who wanted to work on the school newspaper. I didn’t write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I __31__the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events. To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our __32__. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father, a talented poet. He read it and frowned (皺眉). “It’s okay.” my father said, taking out a pencil “But how about changing this sentence to ...” And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece—without me, for I never said anything to __33___ him. No surprise—his version(版本)was ___34___ . He had a gift for language. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine. “Welcome to the Dundee School News,” my teacher said to me. But before I could be ___35__ about the news, he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week for the second page of the paper." I was so surprised! I was unable to write at that level, but I couldn’t tell the___36___ to the teacher, and I couldn’t ask my father for help, either. That term working on the paper was really painful. And my teacher clearly expressed his __37__. “Can’t you write something more like the first piece you wrote?” he said, each time I turned in my article. I couldnt, because at that age, I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as a writer. Week after week, I tried hard, but my writing never ___38___ the level of the first article. At last, to my total shame, another student took my place. I ___39___ that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. But in my heart I knew it was my fault (錯誤)because I allowed him to do it. Later, I did become a successful writer on my own. Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a ___40__ side. It taught me to depend on myself and be myself. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best self. It feels great. 31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. welcomed 32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper 33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise 34.A. different B. common C. popular D. wonderful 35.A. excited B. worried C. nervous D. confident 36.A. truth B. excuse C feeling D. answer 37.A. honesty B. patience C. hope D. disappointment 38.A. set B. reached C raised D. changed 39.A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. complained 40.A. magic B. serious C. bright D. strange 語篇精講： 參考答案：31-35 CBBDA 36-40 ADBDC 文章大意：本篇文章講述了作者在校時想進(jìn)入學(xué)校新聞部當(dāng)記者，作者交上去的卻是他爸爸寫的文章，雖然他通過了選拔，卻在工作中暴露出真實水平，最后他被別人替代的故事。通過這件事作者明白：想要成功必須靠自己。 答案解析： 31. 通過上文“working on the paper sounded like fun”可推斷出作者喜歡成為一名記者，故選C。 32. 通過下文“I wrote an article about the joys of summer”可知要上交一篇自己的寫作材料，故選B。 33. 通過下文“I turned in his version instead of mine”可知作者交的是爸爸幫他寫的文章，因此可以推斷出他并沒有阻止爸爸，故選B。 34. 通過下文“He had a gift for language.”可知爸爸的寫作水平高，可以推斷出爸爸的版本是非常精彩的，故選D。 35. 通過下文“he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer,…”和“I was unable to write at that level”可知此處表示他還來不及激動，故選A。 36. 通過上文“I was unable to write at that level, but I couldn’t tell the…”可知他不能寫得那么好但是他又不能告訴老師真相，故選A。 37. 通過下文“Can’t you write something more like the first piece you wrote?”可推斷出老師表達(dá)的是他的失望之情，故選D。 38. 結(jié)合全文語境可知，第一篇文章是爸爸寫的，當(dāng)時的作者無論如何努力都達(dá)不到爸爸的寫作水平，故選B.。 39. 通過上文“another student took my place”作者被人替代和下文“my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it”，可推斷出當(dāng)時的作者對讓爸爸幫他寫文章是存在抱怨的，故選D。 40. 通過下文“It taught me to depend on myself and be myself.”可推斷那次經(jīng)驗也有好的一面，即光明的一面，故選C. bright。 精講筆記【學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】 語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運用（鼓勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） realize … 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法【根據(jù)具體教學(xué)情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 如：本篇文章中的32. (writing) … 方法二：上下文推理法 方法三：邏輯推理法 方法四：文化背景常識法 方法五：固定搭配法 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 　單詞 詞性、詞義 備注　 1 ___________ v. 1)共有 2)分享 2 ___________ n./v.報道；報告 3 ___________ v.允許 4 ___________ v.夸贊 5 ___________ n. 常見的；共有的；普通的 翻譯：common people 6 ___________ adj.自信的 7 truth ___________ 8 honesty ___________ 9 patience ___________ 10 disappointment ___________ 11 set ___________ 12 reach v. 1)抵達(dá) 2)________ 3)伸手 4)________ n. _________ 翻譯：reach Beijing reach a conclusion I can’t reach that far. beyond the reach of… 13 raise 翻譯：raise your hand; raise the price raise money; raise many questions 14 ___________ v.意識到；實現(xiàn) 15 complain ___________ 16 bright adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)______ 4)______ 翻譯：The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future. 17 ___________ v./n. 1) 面試2)采訪 18 cover v. 1) 覆蓋2)設(shè)計3)_______ n._______ 翻譯：…covering middle school events the cover of the book 19 ___________ n. 天賦；天才 20 gift n. 1)禮物 2) ___________ 21 rewrite ___________ 前綴re- 表示“______”e.g. rebuild: ______ 22 piece n.1)一塊;一首 2) ___________ 翻譯：a piece about the Internet 23 paper n. 1)紙 2) ______3)試卷 24 ___________ v. 1)預(yù)料 2)期望 25 painful ___________ 后綴-ful表示“_________” e.g. hopeful________ ;forgetful_____;等 26 ___________ adj. 成功的 27 ___________ v. 表達(dá)adj. 快遞的 28 ___________ n./v. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗 29 ___________ v.提高；改善 30 depend on ___________ 翻譯：It taught me to depend on myself… 二、句子翻譯 1. 這篇文章比我的文章好很多因此我上交了他的版本而不是我自己的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 根據(jù)你寫的關(guān)于夏天的優(yōu)秀文章，我希望你每星期為校報的第二版寫一篇個人觀點文章。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 最后令我很羞愧的是另外一名同學(xué)替代了我的位置。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 回首過去，我意識到學(xué)校經(jīng)歷的痛苦和恥辱有光明的一面。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 因此每一天，我試著用我自己的話，找到自己的風(fēng)格，做最好的自己。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 完形練習(xí) （東城一模）An Imperfect Painting My parents always wanted me to be “on top”, so from early on I had the 31 to be the best in everything, from getting the highest score on a spelling test to running fastest in a race. In middle school, I realized how many other smarter and faster people there were. It became 32 that I was not the best any more, but my parents still held on to their hope and forced me to try hard. To their disappointment, I became less confident and didn’t want to work hard because, to me, there was no point in making any more 33 if I was unable to be number one. My grades began to fall; I never practiced the piano; I 34 painting. It was all because my motivation(動力) to do anything had dropped much. When high school started, I was at a new school in a new city. I 35 to get back my motivation and start over. So I picked up my ever favorite hobby again and enrolled(報名) myself in the art course. 36 , our art teacher, Mr. Grady, gave us more freedom with our art projects. He would always encourage us to realize our potential(潛力). My first painting was simply a bee sitting on a sunflower. I made every effort, but still found it hard to feel satisfied with it. I knew it was not 37 and could hardly get a good grade. But I showed it to Mr. Grady. He didn’t 38 it in a rush. Instead, he gave me advice which only motivated me to work harder on it. For the first time I was happy with the 39 of my painting rather than disappointed about its imperfection. I finished all the other projects with higher grades, but I hung the first painting in my room at the end of the term. My parents thought 40 me to be number one would motivate me. Instead, it discouraged me much when I was not number one, for I had gone to school only to get a grade, not knowledge, let alone progress. Actually, it is okay not to be the best at everything as long as you continue to try your best. 31. A. ability B. chance C. goal D. way 32. A. strange B. obvious C. acceptable D. impossible 33. A. efforts B. choices C. promises D. wishes 34. A. regretted B. considered C. continued D. stopped 35. A. failed B. refused C. decided D. waited 36. A. Naturally B. Similarly C. Normally D. Luckily 37. A. famous B. modern C. perfect D. special 38. A. name B. grade C. hang D. finish 39. A. progress B. meaning C. style D. title 40. A. instructing B. helping C. encouraging D. pushing 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 　單詞 詞義、詞性 備注　 1 share v. 1)共有 2)分享 2 report n./v.報道；報告 3 allow v.允許 4 praise v.夸贊 5 common n. 常見的；共有的；普通的 翻譯：common people普通人 6 confident adj.自信的 7 truth n. 真相 8 honesty n. 誠實 9 patience n. 耐心 10 disappointment n. 失望；遺憾 11 set v.放置；擺放餐具 12 reach v. 1)抵達(dá)2)達(dá)到 3)伸手4)夠得著 n. 影響范圍 翻譯：reach Beijing 抵達(dá)北京 reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 I can’t reach that far. 我夠不到那么遠(yuǎn)。 beyond the reach of… 在影響范圍之外 13 raise 翻譯：raise your hand; 舉起手 raise the price 提高物價 raise money; 籌錢 raise many questions 提出很多問題 14 realize v.意識到；實現(xiàn) 15 complain v. 抱怨 16 bright adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)光明的 翻譯：The brightest pupil