（浙江專用）2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第17練 科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)練習(xí)（含解析）.docx

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第17練 科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．TheInternethasenabledus________________(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter. 2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharm________mankind. 3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology________________(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar. 4．Iwilltellyou________(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress. 5．In18thcentury，the________(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch________(convenient) tous. 7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnected________moderninventionsclosely. 8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis________(absolute) goodandrightforus. 9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，________(include) robots. 10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby________(use) robots. 11．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I________(full) believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 12．Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 13．Thenewtechnology，if________(apply) toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 14．Hethoughtthatthekeyto________(feed) peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 15．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern________(invent) inourlife—thecomputernetwork. 話題詞匯 1．a(chǎn)dvantagen．優(yōu)勢 2．a(chǎn)rtificialadj.人造的，人工的 3．negativeeffect負面影響 4．breakthroughn．突破 5．surftheInternet上網(wǎng) 6．explorev．探索 7．conveniencen．方便 8．withthedevelopmentof...隨著……的發(fā)展 9．changeone’slife改變某人的生活 10．drawbackn．缺點，不利條件 能力提升 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2018遼寧葫蘆島一模) AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel. Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson. Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.” Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability. “Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(認知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid. 16．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep? A．Theyhavelargebrains. B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners. C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans. D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. 17．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep? A．Bygivingfoodrewards. B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople. C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers. D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns. 18．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Sheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys. B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges. C．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain. D．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle. 19．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage? A．AWonderfulScientist B．TheLifeofSheep C．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep D．HowSheepRecognizeEachOther Ⅲ.完形填空 IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d__20__andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe__21__inmymind.I’maboutto__22__alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda. WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.__23__，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare__24__soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步機) andI__25__myselfwithpotatochips.I__26__thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t__27__it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？” Ofcourse，I__28__dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising__29__.Iwasstartingtofeela(n) __30__.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea__31__，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith__32__deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay__33__.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa__34__. Unfortunatebut__35__，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.__36__，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould__37__.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And__38__Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem. Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother__39__. 20．A.cooked B．ordered C．designed D．introduced 21．A.battle B．competition C．performance D．practice 22．A.burn B．contain C．lose D．consume 23．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully 24．A.comingoff B．passingaway C．takingoff D．turningaway 25．A.equip B．connect C．present D．reward 26．A.agree B．pretend C．imagine D．decide 27．A.hurt B．count C．change D．solve 28．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never 29．A.hardly B．instantly C．regularly D．slightly 30．A.urge B．a(chǎn)ttraction C．difference D．pain 31．A.plan B．habit C．game D．hobby 32．A.original B．common C．inspiring D．tight 33．A.awake B．calm C．healthy D．strong 34．A.goal B．memory C．reality D．trend 35．A.unbelievable B．changeable C．understandable D．enjoyable 36．A.Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 37．A.lack B．save C．show D．throw 38．A.once B．before C．unless D．though 39．A.choice B．fault C．cause D．excuse Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作 假定你是班長李華，請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給新任外教Smith先生寫一封信，向他表示歡迎并轉(zhuǎn)達同學(xué)們對英語課的建議： 1．介紹西方文化； 2．組織多種多樣的活動； 3．關(guān)注學(xué)生發(fā)音，提高聽說能力。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)80左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 2．可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 DearMrSmith， I’mwritingonbehalfofmyclasstoextendourwarmwelcometoyou.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Thankyouverymuch.Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon! Yourstruly， LiHua 答案精析話題練 Ⅰ.1.toknow　2.to　3.hasbrought　4.directly　5.invention　6.convenience　7.with　8.absolutely　9.including　10.using　11.fully　12.when　13.applied　14.feeding　15.inventions Ⅱ. 16．D　[細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，綿羊的不尋常之處在于它們能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選D。] 17．A　[細節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人員通過給綿羊食物獎勵來訓(xùn)練綿羊，故選A。] 18．B　[推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help...Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推斷出，該項新發(fā)現(xiàn)有益于對認知能力改變的研究，故選B。] 19．C　[標題歸納題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要講了一項新的研究表明綿羊能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選C。] Ⅲ. 語篇解讀　作者想要減肥，但是他不斷地攝入大量脂肪，又因為種種原因放棄了鍛煉，最終減肥失敗。 20．B　[cook烹飪；order點菜，命令；design設(shè)計；introduce介紹。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此處指作者看著自己“點的食物”。] 21．A　[battle戰(zhàn)斗；competition競爭；performance表演；practice練習(xí)。下一句提到作者攝入大量脂肪，又喝蘇打水減肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，內(nèi)心做著激烈的“斗爭”。故A項正確。] 22．D　[burn燃燒；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，飲。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D項正確。] 23．C　[surprisingly令人驚訝地；happily高興地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要減肥，但是不幸的是作者還不斷地攝入大量脂肪，所以此處意為“不幸的是”。故C項正確。] 24．A　[come off從……掉下；pass away去世；take off起飛；turn away拒絕……進入。作者不斷地攝入大量脂肪，這是作者體重下降慢的原因。故A項正確。] 25．D　[equip裝備，使具有；connect連接；present頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)；reward獎賞。作者在跑步機上鍛煉半個小時后，用薯片來獎勵自己。故D項正確。] 26．D　[agree同意；pretend假裝；imagine想象；decide決定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者決定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在這次吃很多的薯片。故D項正確。] 27．A　[hurt危害，傷害；count數(shù)數(shù)；change改變；solve解決。作者認為只吃一片薯片不會妨礙自己減肥，這是作者為自己吃薯片找的借口。故A項正確。] 28．B　[always一直，總是；sometimes有時候；seldom很少；never從不。由下一句“Once I put together two full weeks of eating properly...”可知，作者有時候減肥計劃實施得很好。故B項正確。] 29．C　[hardly幾乎不；instantly立即；regularly有規(guī)律地，定期地；slightly稍微地。由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者的減肥計劃曾經(jīng)實施得很好。由此可知，作者曾經(jīng)有兩周堅持合理飲食并經(jīng)常鍛煉。故C項正確。] 30．C　[urge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain痛苦。由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者彎腰系鞋帶容易多了，說明作者開始感覺到不同了。故C項正確。] 31．B　[plan計劃；habit習(xí)慣；game游戲；hobby業(yè)余愛好。由該段最后一句中的“the habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知，此處指正當(dāng)合理飲食和經(jīng)常鍛煉即將成為一個習(xí)慣時。故B項正確。] 32．D　[original最初的；common常見的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight緊的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很緊。故D項正確。] 33．A　[awake醒著的；calm冷靜的；healthy健康的；strong強壯的。作者通過吃零食、喝蘇打水來保持清醒狀態(tài)。故A項正確。] 34．B　[goal目標；memory記憶；reality現(xiàn)實；trend趨勢。熬夜使得作者沒有再堅持合理的飲食和鍛煉，所以合理的飲食和鍛煉成為了一個“記憶”。故B項正確。] 35．C　[unbelievable難以置信的；changeable易變的；understandable可理解的；enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲憊了以至于不能堅持鍛煉，這雖然不幸但是可以理解。故C項正確。] 36．C　[therefore因此；however但是；besides此外；otherwise否則。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能堅持鍛煉。該句提到作者有大量工作要做。這都是作者放棄的原因，它們之間是并列關(guān)系，故C項正確。] 37．B　[lack缺乏；save儲存，節(jié)??；show展示；throw扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能儲存的所有能量。故B項正確。] 38．A　[once一旦；before以前；unless除非；though但是。一旦間斷鍛煉，以后就很容易經(jīng)常間斷。故A項正確。] 39．D　[choice選擇；fault缺點，過失；cause起因；excuse借口。作者認為我們總是能夠找到理由不去做應(yīng)該做的事。每一個理由都是為自己開脫的借口。故D項正確。] Ⅳ.參考范文 DearMrSmith， I’mwritingonbehalfofmyclasstoextendourwarmwelcometoyou.HerearesomeofourexpectationsforyourEnglishclass. Firstly，we’dliketohavetopicsinclassaboutWesternculturesowecanknowmoreabouttheculturebehindthelanguage.Besides，we’dappreciatevariousactivitiestogeteveryoneinvolvedandtomakeclassesinteresting.Finally，pleasegiveussomeguidanceandtraininginourpronunciation，becausewethinkweareweakinit.Andwearealleagertohaveourlisteningandspeakingabilitiesimproved.It’sourhopethatwecanspeakEnglishfluently. Thankyouverymuch.Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon! Yourstruly， LiHua