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摘要
掘進(jìn)機(jī)是巷道掘進(jìn)和隧道施工的重要設(shè)備，它具有截割、裝載、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、獨(dú)立行走、噴霧降塵等功能。但隨著現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的不斷加快，礦山機(jī)械的迅猛發(fā)展以及對(duì)能源和建設(shè)等要求的不斷增大，掘進(jìn)機(jī)的性能還不能夠完全滿足要求，所以迫切要求設(shè)計(jì)出能夠滿足工況要求的新型掘進(jìn)機(jī)。
掘進(jìn)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)是掘進(jìn)機(jī)十分重要的工作機(jī)構(gòu)，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)輸能力的大小直接影響掘進(jìn)機(jī)的掘進(jìn)速度。本設(shè)計(jì)主要針對(duì)縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)及其技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)。通過應(yīng)用掘進(jìn)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的一系列知識(shí)，對(duì)掘進(jìn)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)加以分析設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)采用刮板輸送機(jī)，液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)，取消轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)減速器，運(yùn)輸部根據(jù)需要選用的圓環(huán)鏈為邊雙鏈，使轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更加協(xié)調(diào)，減少了故障的發(fā)生，以更好的適應(yīng)井下復(fù)雜多變的巷道情況。
關(guān)鍵詞： 縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)；轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；邊雙鏈
Ⅰ
Abstract
The driving machine is the important equipment of tunnel excavation and tunnel construction, which has the function of cutting, loading, transporting, walking independently, spraying dust and dust etc.. But with accelerating modernization, the rapid development of mining machinery, as well as demand for energy and construction is increasing, roadheader performance can not fully meet the requirements, there is an urgent request to design to meet the requirements of working conditions of new type roadheader.
The transport mechanism of the tunneling machine is the important working mechanism of the tunneling machine, and the transportation capacity of the transportation mechanism directly influences the driving speed of the tunneling machine.. This design is mainly to the transport mechanism of longitudinal roadheader design and technical design. Through the application of tunnel boring machine design of a series of knowledge, the transport mechanism of roadheader be analysis and design, transportation system using scraper conveyor, hydraulic motor driven, cancel the transfer speed reducer, Department of transportation according to need to use round link chain for edge double chain, transport structure is more compact, running a more coordinated, and reduce the occurrence of the fault, to better adapt to the underground complex tunnel.
Key words: Roadheader; transport mechanism design; double side chain
中文題目：縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)及其技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)
外文題目：DESIGN AND TECHNICAL DESIGN OF
LONGITUDINAL ROADHEADER TRANSPORT
MECHANISM
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）共 52頁(yè)（其中：外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 10 頁(yè)）圖紙共 4 張
完成日期20XX年6月 答辯日期20XX年6月
?附錄A
The?vertical?Boom-type?Roadheader?design
????1?Introduction?
????Mechanical?design?is?in?the?process?of?product?design?and?an?important?part?of?the?main?links,?it?is?followed?in?programme?design?after?the?design?work.?The?vertical?Boom-type?roadheader?(the?roadheader)?to?the?overall?design?of?the?merits?of?complete?machine?play?a?decisive?role,?and?the?decision?of?the?assembly,?the?system,?coordination?between?the?various?components?of?the?unity?and?match,?to?obtain?the?high-end?performance?and?overall?better?economic?efficiency?technology.?Roadheader?design,?including?the?following:?1)According?to?design?project?description?choice?type?and?various?cellular?construction?pattern?2)?Decides?the?complete?machine?the?main?technical?performance?parameter,?Including?size?parameter,?heavy?parameter,?the?parameter?of?movement?and?the?technical?economy?refer?parameter,?3)?According?to?system?design?performance?requirement,?definite?complete?machine?system?composition?and?between?them?match?as?well?as?each?part?main?technical?senate?parameter,?4)?The?necessary?whole,?and?the?mapping?of?transmission,?hydraulic,?electronic?control?systems,?and?other?plans.?
?2?the?selected?models?and?various?components?and?structural?type,?drive,?and?the?overall?layout?of?the?reasonable?
????In?determining?the?content,?first?task?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?contents,?especially?the?users?of?the?main?demands?of?the?investigation,?the?two?sides?exchanged?views?repeatedly,?to?satisfy?both?users?(or?superior)?conditions,?can?better?meet?the?product?development?of?the?overall?plan.
2.1?the?selected?models?
????According?to?roadheader?use,?for?the?coal?mine?tunnel?boring?or?used?for?other?sectors?of?the?works,?roadheader?working?conditions?for?cutting?coal?roadway?or?semi-Coal?Lane,?the?compressive?strength?of?coal?and?rock?one-way?(or?the?value?of?platts?coefficient?f)?and?the?rock?abrasion?factor.?At?the?same?time?the?control?line?should?be?superscript?MT138?~?1995?"cantilevered?Roadheader?types?and?parameters",?
????according?to?cutting?coal?and?rock?the?biggest?one-way?compressive?strength,?the?type?of?selected?models.?
????2.2?the?structure?of?the?various?components,?the?way?the?driver?identified?
????Roadheader?by?cutting?general?agencies,?shipping?agencies,?walking,?hydraulic?system,?electronic?control?systems?and?auxiliary?devices?(such?as?dust?removal?devices,?security?devices,?remote?monitoring?devices)?and?other?components.?1)?Cutting?agencies.?Cutting?the?drive?from?AC?motor-driven,?in?the?transmission?system?located?in?the?general?profile?coupling?with?no?mechanical?overload?protection?device,?the?two?planets?reducer?driven?spindle?front?of?the?cutting?head.?Some?sections?of?the?working?bodies?boring?machine?has?cut?chain,?disc-milling?and?cutting-such?as?cantilever.?Cantilever?due?to?the?cutting-boring?machine?body?flexible,?relatively?small,?can?cut?a?variety?of?shapes?and?sections?of?the?roadway,?and?to?achieve?selective?cutting,?but?cutting?good?effect,?a?higher?rate?of?boring,?so?now?used?mainly?cantilever?Cutting-and?has?become?boring?machine?working?body?of?a?basic?pattern.?By?cutting?head?of?the?layout,?is?divided?into?horizontal?and?vertical?axis?of?the?two.?The?line-cutting?head?of?the?advantages?are:?Transmission?convenient,?compact?and?can?be?cut?to?any?shape?of?the?profile,?easy?access?to?the?formation?of?a?cross-section?and?is?conducive?to?expansion?in?the?use?of?cantilever,?or?ditch?digging,?in?Waterloo.?Cutting?head?the?shape?of?a?cylindrical,?cone?and?the?cone?and?cylindrical,?as?the?latter?two?cutting?head?to?drilling,?and?the?cutting?surface?than?the?formation,?use?it?more.?This?is?the?work?of?the?shortcomings:?As?the?longitudinal?axis?of?cutting?head?in?the?horizontal?swing?at?the?cutting?reaction?force?is?not?passed?machine?centres,?with?cantilevered?form?of?torque?to?boring?machine?have?a?greater?vibration,?stability?is?poor.?Therefore,?the?coal?roadway?excavation,?the?need?to?increase?the?body?weight?or?support?the?installation?of?auxiliary?equipment.?At?present,?such?a?boring?machine?in?some?sections?of?the?use?of?more?boring?machine.?2)?Shipment?of?bodies.?It?generally?from?the?middle?loading?and?conveyor?components.?They?were?driven?or?focus?may?be?linked,?either?by?AC?motor?drive,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?Trailing?claw-is?to?use?a?turn?moves?the?rake?claws?to?continue?to?rake?materials?and?in?a?reprint?from?transport?operators?
?This?structure?is?simple,?reliable,?small?form??factor,?loading?good?effect,?the?application?is?widespread.?However,?such?institutions?loading?width?restricted?(because?boring?machine?running?track?when?agencies?generally?do?not?arouse).?To?expand?the?loading?width,?will?shovel?the?entire?harrow?board,?together?with?the?claw?agencies?in?the?level?of?swing,?or?design?dual?rake?claws,?to?expand?the?scope?of?loading.?Institutions?than?the?rake-wheel-claw?simple,?high?intensity,?reliable,?but?with?less?bulk?materials.?Loading?agency?programme?is?not?only?the?installation?of?the?claw-rake-wheel?can?also?be?installed,?the?two?can?be?used?interchangeably.?Usually,?the?choice?rake?claw-loaded,?but?considering?loading?width?of?the?problem,?may?choose?to?double?rake?claws,?can?also?be?designed?to?rake?claw-round?interchangeable?with?the?loading?mechanism.?Some?sections?boring?machine?use?of?scraper?chain?conveyor?agencies.?Transportation?agencies?are?generally?undertaken?by?the?tail?to?the?nose?tilted?upward?direction?of?the?layout.?Transportation?agencies?can?be?the?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?and?reducer?layout?in?the?scraper?conveyor?and?around?the?side?of?the?fuselage,?the?body?in?the?driver?loading?at?the?same?time,?indirectly,?to?transport?bodies?to?take?the?initiative?to?the?tail?shaft?driven?scraper?Transportation?agencies.?This?drive?system?components?in?small,?relatively?simple?bodies,?but?loading?and?transportation?agencies?involved?in?the?two?campaigns,?mutual?influence.?As?the?location?less?space?layout?more?difficult.?Transmission?organizations?to?adopt?an?independent?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?layout?away?from?the?machine?side,?driven?by?slow?delivery?agencies.?This?mode?of?transmission?drive?layout?simple,?and?filling?the?campaign?Hubuyingxiang.?However,?due?to?transmission?and?more?dynamic?components,?the?point?of?failure?has?increased.?At?present,?the?two?transportation?agencies?are?used,?as?appropriate,?the?design?should?be?identified.?General?loading?and?institutions?often?use?the?same?drive.?Loading?agencies?can?use?motor-driven,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?However,?in?consideration?of?the?working?environment?and?wet?with?mud,?optional?hydraulic?motor?drive?for?good.?3)?Run?institutions.?Walking?agencies?tracked?the?general?pattern,?crawler-run?institutions?apply?to?the?floor,to?stop?carrying?motor?oil,?only?to?run?motor?oil?so?that?the?boring?machine?has?two?Walking?speed.?
????3?determination?complete?machine?main?technology?senate?parameter?????Mechanical?Roadheader?complete?machine?main?technical?parameter?including?size?senate?parameter?(length?×width?×highly);?weight?parameter,?parameter?of?movement?and?dynamic?parameter.???
??3.1?size?parameters?
????Complete?machine?length,?width?of?the?size?directly?related?to?its?turning?radius,?Recommended?light-length?≤?7.5?m,?medium-length?≤?8.5?m,?heavy?machine?≤?l0m,?the?corresponding?width?were?≤?1.6?m,?≤?2.5?m,?≤?3?m.?The?complete?machine?relates?its?tendency,?the?static?stability?highly?directly,?the?adaptation?scope?and?passes?quality,?therefore?lower?better.?The?current?development?trend?of?Chinese?and?foreign?models?is?the?dwarf?models,?medium?and?heavy-high?1.6?~?2?m,?special?light,?light?machine?the?height?of?1.4?~?1.6?m.?Roadheader?to?dig?the?biggest?section?of?roadway,?the?minimum?height?and?width?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?requirements?of?the?mission.?Undercover?depth?of?250?~?400?mm,?ground?clearance?C?=?B/13?+84?(mm),?B?for?the?two?track?distance).?Middle-long?conveyor?entrance?to?the?expected?high?degree?of?the?best?400?mm,?length?of?track?ground?with?the?center?distance?L?B?ratio?for?L?/?B?≤?1.6.????
?3.2?weight?parameters?
????The?complete?machine?dead?weight?is?the?mechanical?roadheader?-?an?important?parameter,?the?engine?weight?too?is?light,?the?work?stability?drops,?when?swinging?cutting?can?occur?fishtails?the?phenomenon,?the?cutting?efficiency?drops,?truncation?tooth?rate?of?wear?increase;?Heavy-weight,?poor?mobility,?flexibility?to?decline.?The?self-respect?as?it?may?be?w?=?(t)?estimates,?in?the?N-type?body?for?cutting?power,?kW;?V?for?the?cutting?head?on?average?cutting?speed,?m?/?s;?can?also?be?Roadheader?with?reference?to?the?existing?analog?method?to?determine?,?machine-(t)?and?cutting?power?(kW)?ratio?of?0.25?to?0.4.?For?general?coal,?rock?bottom,?the?allowable?value??
????≤?0.14?MPa;?muddy?for?the?water?to?soften?the?shale?bottom,??????≤?0.05?MPa.?
????3.3?movement?parameters?
??Cutting?the?movement?parameters:?cutting?head?of?the?average?cutting?speed?V:?on?the?one-way?coal?and?rock?compressive?strength?of?σ?c?≤?40?MPa,?V?=?3?~?3.5m?/?s;?
????σ?c?≤?60MPa,?V?=?2?~?2.5m?/?s,?σ?c?>?60MPa.?V?=?l?~?2m?/?s.?But?eventually?cutting?
????speed?by?cutting?technology?to?determine.????
?3.4?dynamic?parameters?
????Roadheader-driven?power?sources?are?used?Motors.?Cutting?power?body?size.?In?fact?the?general?use?of?analogy,?combined?with?roadheader?some?personality?and?
????experience?factors?to?determine.?Roadheader?in?the?operating?process,?the?vertical?axis?and?the?horizontal?axis-of?the?need?for?adequate?cutting?edge?and?push?forward?swing?(horizontal?and?vertical)?force.?According?to?Russia?(the?former?Soviet?Union)?in?the?laboratory?test?results?that?the?cutting?of?coal?and?rock?platts?hardness?f?=?4?~?6?(equivalent?to?0?C?=?40?~?60MPa),?grinding?coefficient?F?=?5?~?7mg/mm2.?Cutting?the?shaking?force?(traction)?Pv?=?(1?~?1.34)?P,?P?=?M?/?Rcp,?in?the?P-cutting?head?for?the?average?cutting?edge;?Rcp?cutting?head?for?the?average?radius;?M?for?cutting?the?head?of?the?rated?torque.?Cut?the?feeding?of?(axial?thrust)?R;?(1.8?~?2.5)?Pv,?this?force?should?be?no?larger?than?the?floor?slippery?track?at?the?limits?of?traction.?
附錄B
懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)
1概述??
總體設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程中的重要內(nèi)容和主要環(huán)節(jié),它是在方案設(shè)計(jì)之?后緊接著進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)工作。懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱掘進(jìn)機(jī))的總體設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)整機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用，并決定了各總成、系統(tǒng)、各部件之間的協(xié)調(diào)性，統(tǒng)一性和匹配關(guān)系，從而獲得總體的高端?性能和較好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括以下內(nèi)容：1）據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書選擇機(jī)型及各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式2）定整機(jī)的主要技術(shù)性能參數(shù)，包括尺寸參數(shù)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)3）按照總體設(shè)計(jì)的性能要求，確定整機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成?及它們之間的匹配性以及各個(gè)部件的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)4）進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算，并繪制傳動(dòng)、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖等。?
2選定該機(jī)型和各個(gè)部件及其結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式、并進(jìn)行總體的合理布置?
????該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在確定前，首先應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的內(nèi)容，特別是用戶提出的主要?要求經(jīng)過調(diào)研，雙方反復(fù)交換意見，達(dá)到既能滿足用戶(或上級(jí))條件，又能較好?的符合本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。????
?2.1機(jī)型的選定?
????根據(jù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的用途，?是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進(jìn)還是用于其他行業(yè)的工程作?業(yè)，掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷，煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度(或?普氏系數(shù)?f?值)及巖石的磨蝕系數(shù)。同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)照行標(biāo)?MT138~1995《懸臂式掘進(jìn)機(jī)?的型式與參數(shù)》?，按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強(qiáng)度，選定機(jī)型的類別。???
?2.?2各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的確定?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)一般由截割機(jī)構(gòu)、裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)及輔助?裝置(如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控?監(jiān)測(cè)裝置)等組成。
?a．截割機(jī)構(gòu)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式由交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中一般?設(shè)齒形聯(lián)軸節(jié)，不設(shè)機(jī)械式過載保護(hù)裝置，經(jīng)兩級(jí)行星減速器帶動(dòng)主軸前端的截?割頭。?部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)有截鏈?zhǔn)?、圓盤銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸臂?截割式掘進(jìn)機(jī)機(jī)體靈活、體積較小，可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)選?擇性截割，而且截割效果好，掘進(jìn)速度較高；所以，現(xiàn)在主要采用懸臂截割式，?并已成為當(dāng)前掘進(jìn)機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的一種基本型式。?
????按截割頭的布置方式，分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種。?縱軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：傳動(dòng)方便、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，能截出任意形狀的斷面，易?于獲得較為平整的斷面，有利于采用內(nèi)伸縮懸臂，可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭的形?狀有圓柱形、圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形，由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進(jìn)，并使截割表?面較平整，故使用較多。這種工作機(jī)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)是：由于縱軸式截割頭在橫向擺動(dòng)?截割時(shí)的反作用力不通過機(jī)器中心，與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進(jìn)機(jī)產(chǎn)生較大的振?動(dòng)，?故穩(wěn)定性較差。?因此，?在煤巷掘進(jìn)時(shí)，?需加大機(jī)身重量或裝設(shè)輔助支撐裝置。?目前，這種掘進(jìn)機(jī)在部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)中使用較多。
?b．裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)。它一般由裝載機(jī)構(gòu)和中間輸送機(jī)組成。它們可采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng)?或集中聯(lián)動(dòng)方式，既可用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。?耙爪式是利用一對(duì)交替動(dòng)作的耙爪來不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu)。?這種方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好，目前應(yīng)用很普遍。但?這種裝載機(jī)構(gòu)寬度受限制（因?yàn)榫蜻M(jìn)機(jī)工作時(shí)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般不調(diào)動(dòng)）?。為擴(kuò)?大裝載寬度，可使鏟板連同整個(gè)耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)一起水平擺動(dòng)，或設(shè)計(jì)成雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)，?以擴(kuò)大裝載范圍。?星輪式機(jī)構(gòu)比耙爪式簡(jiǎn)單、強(qiáng)度高、工作可靠，但裝大塊物料的能力較差。?裝載機(jī)構(gòu)方案是既能裝設(shè)耙爪式也可裝設(shè)星輪式，?兩者可以互換使用。?通常，?應(yīng)選擇耙爪式裝載機(jī)構(gòu)，但考慮裝載寬度問題，可選擇雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)，也可設(shè)計(jì)成?耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機(jī)構(gòu)。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)多采用刮板鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)構(gòu)。輸送?機(jī)構(gòu)一般是由機(jī)尾向機(jī)頭方向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)可采用聯(lián)合驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，?即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)和減速器布置在刮板輸送機(jī)靠近機(jī)身一側(cè)，?在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)同時(shí)，間接地以輸送機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)尾為主動(dòng)軸帶動(dòng)刮板輸送機(jī)構(gòu)工作。這樣傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)?中元件少、機(jī)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但裝載與輸送機(jī)構(gòu)二者運(yùn)動(dòng)相牽連，相互影響大。由?于該位置空間較小布置較困難。?輸送機(jī)構(gòu)采用獨(dú)立的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，?即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)布置在遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器的一?端，通過減速裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)輸送機(jī)構(gòu)。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)布置簡(jiǎn)單，和裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)互不影響。但由于傳動(dòng)裝置和動(dòng)力元件較多，故障點(diǎn)有所增加。?目前，這兩種輸送機(jī)構(gòu)均有采用，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)相同的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式。?裝載機(jī)構(gòu)可以采用電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，?也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。?但考慮工作環(huán)境潮濕、?有泥水，選用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)為好。
?c．行走機(jī)構(gòu)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般采用履帶型式，履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)適用于底板不?平或松軟的條件，不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大，機(jī)動(dòng)性能好、工作可靠、調(diào)?動(dòng)靈活和對(duì)底板適應(yīng)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零部件磨損較嚴(yán)重。目前部分???斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)通常采用履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)。兩條履帶分別由各自的動(dòng)力來驅(qū)動(dòng)，可實(shí)?現(xiàn)原地轉(zhuǎn)向。履帶的驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力有電動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)兩種，電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一般只設(shè)置?一種行走速度，液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)可采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)直接帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪，或采用?中速液壓馬達(dá)減速器帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪的傳動(dòng)方式，它可實(shí)現(xiàn)無極調(diào)速。?履帶結(jié)構(gòu)型式有滑動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)兩種，當(dāng)機(jī)器調(diào)動(dòng)速度≤10m/min?的中、輕型掘?進(jìn)機(jī)，宜采用滑動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式；當(dāng)機(jī)器的調(diào)動(dòng)速度>10m/min?的重型、特重型掘進(jìn)?機(jī)，應(yīng)采用滾動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式。?
d．液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)多采用開式系統(tǒng)多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操?縱)方式。以往國(guó)內(nèi)外多采用齒輪泵，近年來掘進(jìn)機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)采用柱塞泵有增多?的趨勢(shì)。?e．電控系統(tǒng)。電控系統(tǒng)包括動(dòng)力部分、控制部分和檢測(cè)部分。電控系統(tǒng)必?須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn)，必須符合?GB3836-2000?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的?有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)時(shí)的安全性，操作的靈活性?以及機(jī)械?傳動(dòng)部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能，從實(shí)用角度考慮，裝設(shè)必要的離機(jī)遙控裝置、?測(cè)控壓力、溫度、液位及關(guān)鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。?
?3總體布置?
????總體布置的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面：1）確定各部件在整機(jī)說的位置，并對(duì)外形尺寸提出要求；?2）確定各部件、部件與整機(jī)之間的連接方式；3）估算整機(jī)重量，并對(duì)各部件的重量提出要求；?4）布置各操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、司機(jī)座位等；?5）審核個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)空間，排除可能發(fā)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉。???
????在掘進(jìn)機(jī)總體布置時(shí)，需注意以下問題：?（1）工作機(jī)構(gòu)減速器減速器的進(jìn)、出軸盡量同軸線；?（2）懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關(guān)系相適應(yīng)，既有利于裝載，又要避免截割頭截割?鏟板；?（3）懸臂的水平和垂直擺動(dòng)中心的位置可以重合，也可以不重合。從增加?機(jī)器的穩(wěn)定性看，擺動(dòng)這些都高度應(yīng)盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機(jī)構(gòu)干涉的?條件下，?擺動(dòng)中心的位置應(yīng)盡量靠后，?但必須保證中心在機(jī)器的縱向?qū)ΨQ平面內(nèi)；?（4）當(dāng)各主要部件設(shè)計(jì)出來之后。應(yīng)進(jìn)行校核，不滿足需求時(shí)需僅需調(diào)整，?使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于?L/6（L?為履帶接地長(zhǎng)度）?。此外，還需求重心?位置在截割機(jī)構(gòu)回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)中心線之后，而且重心高度越低越好，以提高機(jī)器作業(yè)時(shí)?的穩(wěn)定性。?（5）總體布置應(yīng)考慮左右兩側(cè)重量對(duì)稱并照顧工作習(xí)慣及方便操作。司機(jī)?座一般設(shè)在機(jī)身左側(cè)、且位于機(jī)身后部，座椅高度應(yīng)保證司機(jī)的視線，使其哪個(gè)?很好地操縱機(jī)器，截割出規(guī)則的巷道；?（6）操縱臺(tái)位置要適當(dāng)，應(yīng)保證司機(jī)操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位?置要便于司機(jī)觀察，又不分散司機(jī)正常操作的注意力。?
3.1傳動(dòng)型式及動(dòng)力元件的選擇?
????a．傳動(dòng)型式及元件選擇應(yīng)遵循的原則?（1）技術(shù)先進(jìn)性：能夠改善機(jī)器性能，提高生產(chǎn)率；?（2）經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性：傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單、元件少，易加工，價(jià)格低，維修容?易，使用壽命長(zhǎng)；?（3）工作可靠性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性表現(xiàn)為元件使用壽命，因此也是對(duì)元件?質(zhì)量的要求；?（4）適應(yīng)性：元件應(yīng)適應(yīng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。
?b．各機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求及傳動(dòng)型式的選擇?掘進(jìn)機(jī)的截割、裝載、運(yùn)輸、行走等機(jī)構(gòu)一般均為分別傳動(dòng)，各部件受力狀?態(tài)及工作條件不同，因而傳動(dòng)型式有不同的要求。?（1）工作機(jī)構(gòu)要求有較大的短時(shí)過載能力，而油馬達(dá)對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷很敏感，?過載負(fù)荷能力低，影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。所以，掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)宜采用電?動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)型式。應(yīng)利用體積小、功率大、過負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)的專用電動(dòng)?機(jī)，并配備可靠的電氣保護(hù)裝置。根據(jù)工作機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的特點(diǎn)，通常工作機(jī)構(gòu)?的減速器設(shè)在懸臂內(nèi)，成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調(diào)速方式一般采用配換掛輪?的方法，變速機(jī)構(gòu)力求簡(jiǎn)單。?（2）耙裝機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)是：減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部，因?而設(shè)計(jì)空間較小，?工作條件惡劣。?減速器經(jīng)常浸泡在煤巖泥水中，?卡料時(shí)易過載。?耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，用于電動(dòng)機(jī)尺寸較大，不便在輸送機(jī)尾安?裝，一般是在鏟板上部?jī)蓚?cè)安裝兩臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)，作為耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的共同動(dòng)力，?這樣勢(shì)必使減速箱的尺寸增大，在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外，考慮耙爪及鏈板卡?鏈過載情況，?為保護(hù)電動(dòng)機(jī)不至燒毀，?一般需要在減速器內(nèi)設(shè)安全摩擦片離合器。?耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用齒輪油馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)，由于尺寸小、重量輕，可使二者分?別傳動(dòng)，從而簡(jiǎn)化傳動(dòng)裝置，便于在鏟板下布置，便于設(shè)計(jì)密封效果好的機(jī)械密?封或?qū)p速器與鏟板分離，同時(shí)可實(shí)現(xiàn)過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。?（3）履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式有電動(dòng)機(jī)和油馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種方式。分別通過?機(jī)械減速裝置或直接由油馬達(dá)帶動(dòng)履帶的主動(dòng)鏈輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。?機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)，一般是將電動(dòng)機(jī)裝于兩條履帶減速器后部，制動(dòng)?方式采用機(jī)械液壓制動(dòng)方式。這種傳動(dòng)方式傳動(dòng)可靠性高，電動(dòng)機(jī)價(jià)格低，維修?容易，但不能調(diào)速，減速箱體積較大，巷道淋水大時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)易受潮而燒毀。?履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用液壓傳動(dòng)型式，系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、性能較好、技術(shù)先進(jìn)。液壓傳?動(dòng)的行走機(jī)構(gòu)中，在液壓馬達(dá)型式選擇及調(diào)速方式設(shè)計(jì)方面，有不同的方案。?采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)，其特點(diǎn)是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，尺寸小、重量輕，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)?無級(jí)調(diào)速及過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。但液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、制造費(fèi)用高，維護(hù)較難。?采用齒輪油馬達(dá),容積效率高，耐沖擊性能好，維修容易，造價(jià)較低，一臺(tái)?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的價(jià)格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達(dá)的?1/10；尺寸小、重量輕。?一臺(tái)?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的重量，僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的?1/18，為電動(dòng)?機(jī)重量的?1/13。采用齒輪油馬達(dá)后，減速器尺寸雖然較低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的大，?但較電動(dòng)式的?。∕RH-S50-13?型機(jī)的減速器傳動(dòng)比?i=328）?。因此可方便地將馬?達(dá)、減速器、液壓制動(dòng)閥、緊鏈裝置等安裝于履帶架中間。這種方式在技術(shù)性能?上優(yōu)于機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，?在經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)上優(yōu)于低速大扭矩馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)。?因此具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。?行走機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)速方式有兩種，一種是采用變量泵。另一種是采用分流或并流?的調(diào)速方案，如?MRH-S50-13?型機(jī)，即在機(jī)器快速調(diào)動(dòng)時(shí)，停止向裝載馬達(dá)供油，?僅向行走馬達(dá)供油，使掘進(jìn)機(jī)有兩種行走速度。?
3.2確定整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)包括尺寸參數(shù)?(長(zhǎng)×寬×高)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參?數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)。???
??1）尺寸參數(shù)?
????整機(jī)長(zhǎng)度、寬度的大小直接與其轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑有關(guān)，推薦輕型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度≤7．5m，?中型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度≤8．5m，重型機(jī)≤l0m，對(duì)應(yīng)的寬度分別為≤1.6m，≤2.5m，≤3m。?整機(jī)的高度直接關(guān)系到它的動(dòng)、靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性，適應(yīng)范圍和通過性的好壞，因?此越低越好。當(dāng)今中外機(jī)型發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是矮機(jī)型，中、重型機(jī)高度?1.6～2m，特輕?型、輕型機(jī)的高度?1.4～1.6m。掘進(jìn)機(jī)可掘巷道斷面的最大、最小高度和寬度應(yīng)?滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求。臥底深度?250~400mm,離地間隙?C=B/13+84(mm)，B?為兩?履帶中心距)。中間輸送機(jī)龍門口過料高度最好為?400mm，履帶接地長(zhǎng)度?L?與其?中心距?B?之比應(yīng)為?L/B≤1.6。?????
2）重量參數(shù)?
????整機(jī)自重是掘進(jìn)機(jī)的—個(gè)重要參數(shù)，機(jī)重太輕，工作穩(wěn)定性下降，擺動(dòng)截割?時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生擺尾現(xiàn)象、截割效率下降，截齒磨耗率增加；機(jī)重太重時(shí)，機(jī)動(dòng)性差，?轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性下降?！闼淖灾乜砂?w=(t)估算，式中?N?為截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率，kW；?V?為截割頭平均截割速度，m/s；也可參照現(xiàn)有掘進(jìn)機(jī)用類比法來確定，機(jī)重(t)?與截割功率?（kW）?之比為?0．?25～0．?對(duì)于一般煤、?4。?巖底板，?許用值?????≤0.14MPa；?對(duì)于水軟化的泥質(zhì)頁(yè)巖底板，?????≤0．05MPa。?????
3）運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)?
截割機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)：截割頭的平均截割速度?V：對(duì)煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度?σ?c?≤?40MPaV=3~3.5m/s；?σ?c?≤?60MPaV=2~2．5m/s，?σ?c?>60MPa．V=l~2m/s。?但最終切割速度由切割技術(shù)來確定。?????
4）動(dòng)力參數(shù)?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力源都采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率大小。實(shí)際上一般采?用類比法，再結(jié)合掘進(jìn)機(jī)一些個(gè)性因素及經(jīng)驗(yàn)來確定。?掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)過程中，縱軸式和橫軸式部需要足夠的掏槽推進(jìn)力和擺動(dòng)(水?平方向和垂直方向)力。?根據(jù)俄羅斯(原蘇聯(lián))在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得知，截割煤巖的普氏硬度?f=4~6(相當(dāng)于?0?C=40~60MPa)，研磨系數(shù)?F=5~7mg／mm2。截割時(shí)的擺動(dòng)力?(牽?引力)Pv=(1～1．34)P，P=M／Rcp，式中?P?為截割頭上的平均截割力；Rcp?為截?割頭平均半徑；?為截割頭上的額定扭矩。?M?掏槽時(shí)的進(jìn)給力(軸向推力)R；?(1.8～?2.5)Pv，此力不得大于履帶對(duì)底板打滑時(shí)的極限牽引力。?
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