江蘇專用2020版高考英語新增分大一輪復習漸進寫作全輯StepOne第6講言簡意賅的非謂語動詞講義牛津譯林版.doc

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第6講 言簡意賅的非謂語動詞 在寫作中，如果出現(xiàn)太多的簡單句，會讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，水平不高；而如果出現(xiàn)太多的復合句會讓人覺得讀起來費勁。所以適當?shù)厥褂梅侵^語動詞對簡單句和復合句進行轉(zhuǎn)換，不但顯得句式豐富，而且提升了文章的檔次。 一、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句 運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句可采用“三步法”。 第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。 (1)I felt quite sorry for that. (2)I began to think about what to do to help. 第二步：根據(jù)兩個簡單句的意思找出兩個句子的對接點，讓一個簡單句作為主句，另一個簡單句用非謂語動詞進行改寫。 讓句(2)作為主句，用非謂語動詞改寫句(1)。 第三步：根據(jù)主句主語和動詞之間的關系來確定用何種非謂語動詞。 主句的主語是I，與動詞felt之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 Feeling quite sorry for that，I began to think about what to do to help. 即時訓練1　用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句 1.Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.It led to a slower growth. (2017江蘇) →Consequently，someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas，leadingtoaslowergrowth. 2.The exhibition will be held in the City Museum.It is located in the north of our city. (2017全國Ⅱ) →TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseum，locatedinthenorthofourcity. 3.We’ll have a big feast together.We gather around the table and pray for next year’s good luck. →We’llhaveabigfeasttogether，gatheringaroundthetableandprayingfornextyear’sgood luck. 二、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復合句 相對于用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句，轉(zhuǎn)換復合句要簡單一些，只需要兩步。因為需要轉(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，只需根據(jù)主句的主語和從句動詞的關系判斷用何種非謂語動詞，再確定好時態(tài)和語態(tài)就可以了。 第一步：寫出復合句 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把since引導的原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語動詞，you與realize之間為主謂關系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 即時訓練2　用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復合句 1.We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to select books. →Tohavemoretimetoselectbooks，wecansetoutearly. 2.John was absorbed in painting，so he didn’t notice evening approaching. →Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching. 3.When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. →Seeingacarrunningtowardsher，Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback. 三、非謂語動詞的常用句型 1.remain to be done有待于被…… It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not. 這個計劃是否對學生們有好處，還需要拭目以待。 2.疑問詞＋to do To all of you，fresh students，how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.對你們所有新生來說，如何使自己適應新的環(huán)境是必須要面對的首要問題。 3.be easy/difficult...to do...做……容易/困難…… I hear that our new teacher is easy to get along with. 我聽說我們的新老師很容易相處。 4.prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...寧愿做……，而不愿做…… Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年寧愿在網(wǎng)上與陌生人閑談，也不愿與父母面對面談話。 5.連詞when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/done While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’ works. 參觀藝術展時，我們討論了偉大的藝術家的作品。(2016天津) 6.having done...已經(jīng)…… Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. 幾乎把所有的錢都花完了，我們沒有錢住賓館了。 7.by doing...通過做…… Moreover，by doing the part-time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society. 而且，通過做兼職工作，我能獲得一些寶貴的經(jīng)驗，以便能更好地適應社會的發(fā)展和變化。 8.only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的結(jié)果) They hurried to the classroom，only to find that all the students had left. 他們匆忙趕到教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)所有學生都離開了。 9.judging by/from...根據(jù)……判斷 Judging from what he said，we could tell that he was not an honest man. 根據(jù)他說的話，我們可以判斷他不是一個誠實的人。 10.pared with/to...與……比較 There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory pared with children who have no musical training. 有明顯的證據(jù)表明，與那些沒受過音樂訓練的孩子相比，上音樂課的孩子有更好的記憶力。 11.be said/reported/considered...to do...據(jù)說/報道/認為…… Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the ing ceremony. 據(jù)說他們班已經(jīng)被選中參加即將到來的典禮。 12.非謂語動詞在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用 Much time spent sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 坐辦公室的人花大量時間坐在桌旁，常被健康問題所困擾。 13.with＋賓語＋賓語補足語 Our Chinese teacher came into the classroom，with some books in her hand. 我們的語文老師進了教室，手里拿著一些書。 即時訓練3　用非謂語動詞完成句子 1.與傳統(tǒng)的相比，它們有三個新的獨特功能。 paredto/withthetraditionalones，they have three new unique functions. 2.完成了她的項目后，她應學校邀請給新生演講。 Havingfinishedherproject，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 3.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。 He was listening attentively in class，withhiseyesfixedontheblackboard. 四、在寫作中使用非謂語動詞時的常見錯誤 1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞誤用 2.“be＋adj.＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用 3.邏輯主語使用不當 4.不定式符號to使用不當 綜合演練 Ⅰ.用非謂語動詞完成句子 1.我很榮幸被邀請到這里來發(fā)言。 I think it a great honor tobeinvited here to speak. 2.飯菜上來后，先讓長輩品嘗，因為在中國長者很受尊重。(2018全國Ⅰ) The seniors are usually the first totaste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China. 3.得知我們圖書館要買書，我想給一些建議。 Knowingthat our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions. 4.我們坐在一起吃月餅和水果，分享我們的故事。 We sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit，sharingourstories. 5.這部電影將在星期天下午放映，從4點到6點持續(xù)兩個小時。(2018全國Ⅱ) The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon，lasting2hours，from 4:00 to 6:00. 6.坦率地講，在不同文化里拿學位，絕不是一件容易的事。(2018北京) To be frank，studyingforadegree in a different culture is never easy. 7.這所大學因?qū)榱魧W生設置的語言與文化課程而著名。(2018北京) The university is known for its language and culture courses intendedforinternationalstudents. 8.班長生病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。 Themonitorbeingill，we’d better put the meeting off. Ⅱ.根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容要點寫一篇短文，盡可能多地使用非謂語動詞 假定你叫李華，是英才中學的學生會主席，你校將接待一批來自英國的學生到你校學習漢語。Mike發(fā)郵件詢問你校的基本情況，請你給Mike回復郵件，內(nèi)容要點如下： 1.學校介紹； 2.師資情況； 3.學生情況。 參考范文 Dear Mike， I’m Li Hua，the Chairman of the Students’ Union of Yingcai Middle School.Wele to our school to learn Chinese.Let me tell you something about our school briefly. Our school，a key middle school with a history of more than 100 years，is located in a famous historical and cultural town.Consisting of two campuses，this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.The beautiful school，well-known for its excellent teachers，is also well equipped with modern facilities.With talented graduates entering famous universities every year，the school enjoys a good reputation.Wish you an enjoyable trip here! Looking forward to your ing! Yours sincerely， Li Hua