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題組提分練35 Unit 5 Travelling abroad 限時35分鐘　 加黑體小題考查寫作手法和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 閱讀理解A　(2018四省三校聯(lián)考)　體裁：議論文　話題：人際關(guān)系　難度：★★★☆☆ Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a funny photograph or sound. edians who copy well-known people always tickle (胳肢) my funny bone! The great thing is that once weve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firms Ontario headquarters (總部), he shares his sense of humour to bond with his staff. He says “It can help people feel more relaxed, more fortable and thus be more effective at what they do.”Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. Its a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxing atmosphere which is good for learning, as long as everyone doesnt spend all their time in wild laughter! But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may admire a work colleague for his welltold joke, others may consider him rude or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphias Wharton School, a worker who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and petent, which in turn increases his status. So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can spread some happiness. A study published in The Journal of Behavioural and Applied Management, found emotional exhaustion was significantly lower among healthcare workers who experienced greater levels of fun at work. And another research has discovered that teams who share more jokes give more supportive statements to each other—and thats no joke！(最后一段說明幽默的益處，happiness, significantly, greater, supportive都是褒義詞匯，暗示作者的態(tài)度也是積極的、肯定的) 【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了幽默的作用。 1．How does the author prove the effect of humour in Paragraph 2? A. By giving examples. B. By making parison. C. By presenting the process. D. By analyzing cause and effect. 答案與解析　A　寫作手法題。作者舉了Steve Carlisle的例子，他利用幽默提高了員工的工作效率，故作者利用舉例的方式證明幽默的效果。 2．How can a worker increase his position according to Professor Schweitzer? A. By taking his job seriously. B. By working harder than others. C. By getting along well with his boss. D. By telling the right jokes successfully. 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知善于利用幽默的員工會被認(rèn)為是能干而自信的人，這反而會提高其地位，故D項正確。 3．What is the authors attitude towards humour? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Casual. D. Critical. 答案與解析　B　觀點態(tài)度題。作者通過舉例說明幽默的好處，且在第一段說明幽默對我們有益處，最后一段又說明在辦公室和教室利用幽默可以帶來歡樂，故作者對幽默是肯定的態(tài)度，故選項B正確。 4．What is the best title for the text? A. Humour is Rude B. Seriousness and Humour C. Humour Makes a Difference D. How to Be Humorous 答案與解析　C　標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段說明在嚴(yán)肅的場合利用幽默對我們有好處，最后一段說明在辦公室和教室利用幽默可以帶來歡樂，故文章主要介紹幽默的作用。故C項“幽默作用大”作為標(biāo)題合適。 詞匯微存?、賡upportive adj.支持的； ②break the ice打破沉默；打破僵局 閱讀理解B　(2018湖南五市十校聯(lián)考)　體裁：說明文　話題：自然　難度：★★★☆☆ Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees (大黃蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony (群體)—showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.(提出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：學(xué)會技能然后傳授技能) Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes(猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations.(昆蟲也能代代相傳所學(xué)技能) The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”—the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills—may not be unique to humans. In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet. The strings were attached to discs—or artificial “flowers”—containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.(說明實驗中所教授的技能) From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful.(未經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的蜜蜂完成任務(wù)的情況) Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colonys worker bees.(觀察學(xué)習(xí)技能→成功所學(xué)技能→傳授所學(xué)技能) Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.(預(yù)測下文論述重點：蜜蜂大腦) 【語篇解讀】　研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂是一種智商很高的生物，它們具有很高的學(xué)習(xí)和教授能力。 5．What did the researchers find about bees? A. Bees are as clever as birds. B. Bees learn best in insects. C. Bees are born good learners. D. Bees can be trained to learn skills. 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段至第六段對于培訓(xùn)蜜蜂獲取食物的實驗介紹可推斷出，蜜蜂可以通過培訓(xùn)學(xué)到新的技能，故選項D正確。 6．What may the research team focus on next? A. What else bees can do. B. How bees brains work. C. How bees teach others. D. Where bees learn skills. 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“研究組對弄清蜜蜂學(xué)習(xí)和教授技能的大腦過程感興趣”可知，研究組下一步將致力于研究蜜蜂大腦的運(yùn)行情況，故選項B正確。 7．How does the author develop the text? A. By drawing a conclusion through a research. B. By providing typical examples. C. By paring opinions from different fields. D. By presenting a cause and analyzing its effects. 答案與解析　A　寫作手法題。文章第四段至第六段陳述研究過程，第七段說明研究結(jié)論，故寫作手法是通過研究得出結(jié)論，故選項A正確。 閱讀技巧17　借用線索判手法——寫作手法題 寫作手法題(如閱讀第1、7小題)要求判斷文章的組織方式，如時間順序、空間順序、舉例論證或比較等。設(shè)問方式通常是：The passage is mainly developed by ______. How is the passage/paragraph organized？解題時需注意以下 線索：①看到while、on the other hand、pare、parison等表比較或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~考慮是：by parison/by showing differences；②看到including、like (像)、for example、for instance、such as等詞考慮是：by giving examples；③看到說明文中有first、second、finally或表方向位置的詞等要想到的是：by describing a process/by space order；④看到記敘文中有時間先后等線索詞要想到是：by time order；⑤議論文中先說明現(xiàn)象，后分析原因，要想到是：by analyzing causes；⑥原文中有不少數(shù)據(jù)，要考慮到是：by giving figures/statistics。 閱讀理解C　(2018北京朝陽區(qū)質(zhì)檢)　體裁：議論文　話題：家庭、朋友與周圍的人　難度：★★★★☆ Peer Pressure People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they influence you on your decision or action, its called peer pressure. All of us, at some point in our lives, have had to deal with peer pressure. The need to follow the crowd and do what majority of us are doing forces us to take up activities which we wouldnt otherwise.(說明同輩壓力現(xiàn)象) Recent studies have shown that peer pressure might cause an_upside to you. It can make you reflect on your actions and make changes to your ways to bee a better one. Observing others working hard to reach their goals will definitely encourage you to make a great effort to achieve something positive. When a teen knows that his teammates are practising hard to bee better players then it will directly affect his own performance. He will put in twice the time and energy to raise the level of his game and ensure he has a place on the team.(同輩壓力的積極影響) (better、positive、healthy等褒義形容詞說明同輩壓力有好處。) Having a group that brings positive peer pressure can also help you pick up healthy habits that can shape both your personality and your future. The motivation to do well because of pressure from your peers can actually bee inspiration. For example, when a child knows that some of his friends regularly read storybooks, he may get into the habit of reading. Seeing that his friends exercise daily, even he may take up the habit and adopt it in life. Just as some influences can be positive, some can be negative too. Peer pressure sometimes can make a dip in your selfconfidence. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, or because they worry that others might make fun of them if they dont go along with the group. Others go along because they are curious to try something new. The idea that “everyones doing it” can influence them to leave their better judgment behind. (說明同輩壓力的消極影響) Besides, peer pressure can distance you from your family and friends. It is mon for teenagers to think that nobody understands them and that the whole world is against them. The influence of peer pressure is such that it draws them pletely away from their family and friends who mean well. They just shut themselves off and fall into bad pany.(補(bǔ)充說明同輩壓力的消極影響) Its likely that youve experienced the effect of peer pressure in different areas, ranging from the clothes you wear to the music you listen to. Sometimes it can be hard to resist and you may feel forced to do something youre unfortable with. So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process.(總結(jié)上文提出建議) 【語篇解讀】　文章介紹同輩壓力的好處、壞處，建議讀者利用同輩壓力的積極作用來幫助自己。 8．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. A quick reaction. B. A positive effect. C. A serious challenge. D. A potential conflict. 答案與解析　B　詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句后一句說明同輩壓力會讓你反思自己的行為，并做出改變以便變得更好，故第二段第一句應(yīng)說明同輩壓力會給你帶來好處，故畫線詞義為a positive effect, 故B項正確。 9．According to the author, peer pressure can get teenagers to ________. A. bee less selfconfident B. provide a model for teammates C. identify characteristics of different habits D. improve relationship with family members 答案與解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Peer pressure sometimes can make a dip in your selfconfidence.”可知，同輩壓力會使你不太自信，故選項A正確。 10．What does the author think of peer pressure? A. It makes no difference to teens judgment. B. It influences teens to fit into various lifestyles. C. It helps teens to relieve the unfortable feeling. D. It seems like a mon phenomenon among teens. 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。最后一段第一句說明同輩壓力來自方方面面，故這個現(xiàn)象是常見的，故選項D正確。 11．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 答案與解析　D　文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段提出并解釋同輩壓力現(xiàn)象，第二段和第三段說明其好處，第四段和第五段說明其害處，最后一段總結(jié)同輩壓力是個常見的現(xiàn)象，并且建議讀者利用同輩壓力積極的影響來幫助自己，故該篇文章屬于總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，故D項正確。 詞匯微存?、賛ake no difference to ...對……沒有影響； ②be aware of 意識到；知道 閱讀技巧18　把脈絡(luò)看結(jié)構(gòu)——文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題考查文章各段落層次之間的組織關(guān)系，該類題型多出現(xiàn)在議論文和說明文中。解題可利用三步法：一讀，通讀全文，利用各段中心句確定各段大意，然后確定各段落之間的關(guān)系；二歸，把一些內(nèi)容相同或關(guān)系密切的段落合并在一起；三定，確定各段落之間的組織框架[總分式結(jié)構(gòu)(總→分→總；總→分；分→總)、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)(段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對獨立)、對照式結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)形式是正—反)]。 閱讀七選五　(2018貴陽模擬)　體裁：說明文　話題：學(xué)校生活　難度：★★★☆☆ To learn new things is beneficial at any age. __1__ The more you learn, the more you live. The following is the ways to learn. Take classes. If youre in school, you have your pick of the topics that interest you. If you arent, or if your school offers a limited programme, youll need to find teachers elsewhere. __2__ Teach yourself. You can pursue knowledge and new skills on your own. __3__ You can check out books from your local library on the topic, and look information up online. If you are learning a new skill, try tackling the materials from as many directions as possible. __4__ Do you know someone who knows something youd like to know？Ask them to teach you in exchange for you teaching them something else. You might be an excellent gardener, for example, while theyre great at guitar. You can trade an hour of gardening consultation for an hour of guitar lessons. __5__ If you want to learn some conversational Spanish, for instance, try putting up flyers for a language exchange at language schools, international centers, and other places affiliated with (與……有關(guān)) the language you would like to learn. Offer to meet up and speak half an hour of English in exchange for half an hour of Spanish with a native speaker who would like to improve their English. Think about the skills you have. Someone, somewhere, would benefit from those skills. A. Do a skillexchange. B. Seek out people who are interested in trading skills. C. Any kind of learning can benefit other aspects of your life. D. Youll still be studying, but at least you will have pany. E. Check out the course listings at your local munity college. 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　學(xué)到老活到老。任何年齡段的學(xué)習(xí)都有益身心，文章介紹了幾個學(xué)習(xí)的方法。 1．C　空前一句說明在任何年齡段學(xué)習(xí)新知識都是有益的，空后一句說明“學(xué)得越多活得越充實”，故選項C“學(xué)習(xí)有益生活的方方面面”，符合語境。 2．E　空前一句說明不在?；蛘邔W(xué)校課程有限的時候需要在其他地方尋找老師，故選項E“了解一下當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)大學(xué)的課程”，符合語境。 3．F　該段主旨是“自學(xué)”， 空前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞on your own與選項F中的關(guān)鍵詞on your own呼應(yīng)。 4．A　該段說明的是互教知識作為交換，故含有關(guān)鍵詞exchange的選項A符合語境。 5．B　空前一句說明交換園藝知識和吉他課程，故選項B“尋找對交換技能感興趣的人”，符合語境。 詞匯微存　check out 核實；了解……的情況