2019-2020年高二英語(yǔ)北師大版選修六教學(xué)案：Unit 16 Section 1(含答案).doc

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　　 Ⅰ.詞義匹配 1．victim 　　　　a．to happen or take place 2．gather b．feeling of pity or sorrow 3．burst c．to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed 4．occur d．someone who sees an event and reports what happened 5．witness e．to leave someone who needs or counts on you 6．a(chǎn)bandon f．to bring things together that have been spread around 7．preserve g．to shake involuntarily from fear, cold or weakness, etc. 8．tremble h．to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside 9．sympathy i．person that is injured as the result of carelessness, crime or misfortune 答案：1.i　2.f　3.h　4.a　5.d　6.e　7.c　8.g　9.b Ⅱ.根據(jù)詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思寫出單詞 10．fantasyn．想象物，幻想作品→fantasticadj.富于想象力的 11．novelistn．小說家→noveln．小說 12．particularlyadv.特別地；特定地，尤其→particularadj.特別的 13．lossn．遺失，丟失→losern．輸者，敗者 14．a(chǎn)uthenticadj.原作的，真正的→authorn．作者 15．characteristicadj.典型的→charactern．特點(diǎn)，特性 Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ) 1．e into view　　　 　　　出現(xiàn) 2．knock sb.over撞倒某人 3．once upon a time 從前 4．block out堵住 5．leave an ... impression on sb. 給某人留下某種印象 6．in a way 從某種程度上說 7．on ones side 側(cè)身 8．split up斷絕關(guān)系，分成小部分 9．on the/ones way to 在去……的路上 1．Pliny described a cloud ing down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns. 普利尼描述道，一團(tuán)云自山巔而降，遮天蔽日，將所經(jīng)之處的一切，包括一座座村莊和城鎮(zhèn)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)吞沒。 [句式分析]　句中的ing down ..., blocking out ... and burying ...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾cloud。 [佳句賞析]　樹下有兩個(gè)人，站著、談?wù)撝裁础? There are two men standing under the tree and talking about something. 2. Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up. 躺在他旁邊的另一個(gè)人看上去好像是在試圖站立起來。 [句式分析]　本句為主從復(fù)合句，Another man looks ... 是主句，as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，意為“好像……”。 [佳句賞析]　云在聚集，天看上去要下雨了。 Clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 3．However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. 但是，與城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中遇難的人們的輪廓像則更使得這座城市成為人類歷史的紀(jì)念碑。 [句式分析]　本句是一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是the forms of the people; who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the people。 As we know, there are many stories from history and do you know the ruins in the picture? Can you tell some historical stories about it? 參考答案：ItisabouttheLoulanancientkingdom.LoulanisanancienttownfoundedinthesecondcenturyBConthenortheasternedgeoftheTaklamakandesert.LoulanwasanancientkingdomalongChinasSilkRoadinXinjiang.TheruinsofLoulanareonwhatwerethewesternbanksofLopNur.Thereasonwhyitcameintoruinsisstillamysteryandmanyopinionsdifferforit. Ⅰ.Fastreading Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．The ancient city of Pompeii disappeared as a result of . A．a(chǎn) flood　　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn) big earthquake C．a(chǎn) volcanic eruption D．a(chǎn) snowstorm 2．If you visit Pompeii today, you can NOT see in the streets. A．a(chǎn)ncient architectures B．decorated statues and walls C．a(chǎn)uthentic objects D．the ashes of the city 3．The passage mainly talks about . A．the story of the city of Pompeii B．the ancient architectures of Rome C．the effects of the volcanic eruption D．a(chǎn)n important historical discovery 答案：1～3　CDA Ⅱ.Carefulreading Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text. 2019-2020年高二英語(yǔ)北師大版選修六教學(xué)案：Unit 16 Section 1(含答案) Around the end of the first century AD ?The eruption had 1.occurred on August 24th, 79 AD. ?A cloud came down the mountain, 2.blockingout the sun and 3.burying everything in its path. More than 1,600 years later ?Some scientists found the lost towns and started to 4.digout the ancient city. ?In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” 5.preserving a frozen moment in history. ?The bodies of people 6.intheash showed their exact shapes. Today, more than 7.250 years after scientists found the city 8.Thousandsof tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year to learn more about the ancient world. 考點(diǎn)1 e into view 出現(xiàn) As we drove on, the beautiful valley came into our view. 隨著我們驅(qū)車前行，美麗的山谷出現(xiàn)在眼前。 Mount Blue now has e into view, and I enjoy the grand landscape ahead. 藍(lán)山已進(jìn)入視野，我欣賞著眼前的壯麗景色。 e into fashion　　　　　　　開始流行 e into being/existence 形成，產(chǎn)生 e into power 執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán) e into force 開始實(shí)施 e into effect 開始生效 Long skirts have e into fashion again. 長(zhǎng)裙又流行起來了。 Do you know when life came into existence (exist) bon the earth? 你知道地球上的生命是什么時(shí)候產(chǎn)生的嗎？ [名師指津]　e 構(gòu)成的上述短語(yǔ)多數(shù)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； e into ...表示“進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài))，開始(某種活動(dòng))”。 用e into短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The lake cameintoview as we turned the corner. ②The agreement will eintoforce next spring. ③A contract will eintoeffect as soon as it is signed. ④When did that style of dress eintofashion? ⑤The Labor Party cameintopower in 1945. 考點(diǎn)2 knock sb. over撞倒某人 Miss Lin was knocked over by a car. 林小姐被輛汽車撞倒了。 knock ...down　　　　　　擊倒；撞倒(強(qiáng)調(diào)“撞傷”) knock at/on 敲打，敲擊 knock ...out (of) 擊敗，使淘汰出(……) knock into sb. 撞到某人身上 Knock at the door before you enter. 你進(jìn)去之前要先敲門。 The American team was knocked out in the first round. 美國(guó)隊(duì)在首場(chǎng)就被淘汰出局。 1．介、副詞填空 ①He knocked down his opponent three times in the first round. ②You have knocked over my ink, spilling it everywhere. ③You cant avoid knocking into a wall when you are walking in the darkness. ④Indiana knocked Kentucky outof the tournament. 2．完成句子 ⑤法國(guó)隊(duì)將比利時(shí)隊(duì)淘汰出歐洲杯足球賽了。 France knocked Belgium out of the European Cup. ⑥這個(gè)醉酒司機(jī)撞傷了一位老人。 The drunk driver knockeddown an old man. 考點(diǎn)3 abandon vt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄 Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors. 救援人員已放棄了能找到更多幸存者的所有希望。 Im considering abandoning smoking soon. 我在考慮很快戒煙。 At the sad news, he abandoned himself to despair. 聽到這悲慘的消息，他陷入了絕望之中。 (1)abandon sb./sth.　 　放棄某人/某物 abandon doing sth. 放棄做某事 abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于/縱情于(做)某事 (2)abandon n. 盡情；放縱 with abandon 放任地；放縱地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遺棄的，拋棄的；自我放任的 There was an abandoned house by the riverside. 河邊有一所廢棄的房子。 People jumped and shouted with abandon. 人們盡情地跳著喊著。 完成句子 ①From James face, I could see he was terrified of beingabandonedbyus (被我們遺棄)． ②People were shouting and cheeringwithabandon (縱情歡呼)． ③Her son abandonedhimselftoplaying (沉溺于玩) puter games. 考點(diǎn)4 witness vt.目擊(睹)；證明 n．目擊者，見證人 [教材原句] ...a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man. ……一位叫普利尼的羅馬作家描寫了他年輕時(shí)目睹的一場(chǎng)可怕的火山爆發(fā)。 (1)witness sth.　　　　　目擊(睹)某事 witness to (doing) sth. 為(做)某事作證；為(做)某事出庭作證 (2)be (a) witness to sth. 某事的目擊者 give witness on behalf of sb. 為某人作證 We have witnessed great changes in our hometown. 我們目睹了家鄉(xiāng)的巨大變化。 He witnessed the truth of my statement. 他證明我的陳述屬實(shí)。 The police found the witness to the murder. 警察找到了那件謀殺案的目擊者。 A taxi driver witnessed tohaving seen the accused enter the building. 一位出租車司機(jī)作證說曾看到被告進(jìn)了那座大樓。 She gave witness onbehalfof an accused person. 她為被告作證。 形象記憶 1．單句改錯(cuò) ①His good health is a witness of the success of the treatment.第一個(gè)of→to ②The girl who witnessed the incident decided to call the police.witnessed前加had 2．完成句子 ③過去的30年見證了中國(guó)的快速發(fā)展。 The past 30 years haswitnessed Chinas rapid development. ④我決定親自出庭為你的案件作證。 Ive decided to witnesstoyourcase by myself. ⑤我們有一位該起殺人案的目擊者。 We have awitnessto the killing. 考點(diǎn)5 occur vt.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；被想到(起) [教材原句] The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD. 那次火山爆發(fā)發(fā)生在公元79年8月24日。 sth. occurred to sb.　　　　　某人突然想到某事 It occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想到要做某事 It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到…… I dont want such a thing to occur again. 我不希望再發(fā)生這樣的事情。 An excellent idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning. 今早醒來后，我突然想到了一個(gè)很棒的主意。 It didnt occur to me to ask you for help. 當(dāng)時(shí)我沒有想到向你求助。 It suddenly occured to him that he hadnt locked the door. 他突然想到他沒有鎖門。 [辨析比較] occur vt.意義比較模糊，既有“突然性”，又有“計(jì)劃性”，比happen正式 happen vi.發(fā)生，指偶然發(fā)生的事，強(qiáng)調(diào)突然性，還可指“碰巧” take place 發(fā)生，指按計(jì)劃和安排發(fā)生的事情 e about 往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因，常與how連用 break out 常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病或爭(zhēng)吵事件的發(fā)生 選詞填空：occur, happen, e about, take place, break out ①I happened to be there when the celebration tookplace. ②A fire brokeout at 9 oclock last night. ③Didnt it occur to you that he was lying? ④How did the accident eabout? 考點(diǎn)6 in a way從某種程度上說；從某種意義上說 [教材原句] In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history. 從某種程度上說龐貝古城如同一粒時(shí)間膠囊，保存了歷史上一個(gè)被封存了的瞬間。 in this/that way　　　　這樣/那樣 on the/ones way (to) 在去……的路上；即將要…… in the/ones way 擋道；礙事 by the way 順便問，順便說 by way of 經(jīng)由；通過……的方式 in no way 決不 all the way 一直，始終 under way (計(jì)劃等)進(jìn)行中；(船只)航行中 In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes. 從某種程度上說，它是我們所犯的最大錯(cuò)誤之一。 You are right in a way, but its not as simple as that. 在某方面，你是對(duì)的，但事情不是那么簡(jiǎn)單。 He is on his way to ruining himself. 他快要?dú)Я俗约毫恕? [語(yǔ)境串記]　By the way, I dont like the book in a way, but in no way could I deal with it in this way. 順便說一下，我在某種程度上不喜歡這本書，但我決不會(huì)用這種方式處理它。 1．用way的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空 ①Inaway, Im glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. ②Can you move the box? Its intheway of the door. ③We have to get in the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is ontheway. ④Innoway can sport be considered a luxury object. ⑤Bytheway, what happened to the family then? 2．完成句子 ⑥理論決不能脫離實(shí)踐。 Innoway can theory be separated from practice. ⑦盡管他認(rèn)為他在幫我們完成這項(xiàng)工作，但實(shí)際上他只是在幫倒忙。 Although he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually intheway. 考點(diǎn)7 preserve vt.保護(hù)，保存；保持，維持；腌制 We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources. 我們已采取有效措施保護(hù)自然資源。 I think these interesting old customs should be preserved. 我認(rèn)為這些有趣的舊習(xí)俗應(yīng)該保存下去。 (1)preserve ... from ...　　保護(hù)……免受…… be well preserved 保存(養(yǎng))得很好 (2)preserve n. 禁獵地，飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng) preservation n. 保存，保護(hù) We may preserve the majority of the endangered species from extinction. 我們可以保護(hù)大多數(shù)瀕臨滅絕的物種免于滅絕。 No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 在這個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)不許狩獵。 [辨析比較] preserve 指“防護(hù)、保存……以免被分解或腐爛” protect 指“保護(hù)……以免遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等” defend 指“保衛(wèi)，防御”，應(yīng)用范圍很廣，對(duì)象可以是具體的，也可以是抽象的 1．選詞填空： preserve, defend, protect ①Its the duty of the police to preserve the public order. ②They got together to protect themselves from the wind. ③Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 2．單句語(yǔ)法填空 ④Ancient Egyptians knew how topreserve (preserve) dead bodies from decay (腐爛)． ⑤The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve)． ⑥Oil preserves metal from rust. 考點(diǎn)8 gather vi.聚集，聚攏vt.搜集；采集；收(割)；使聚集 [教材原句] As you walk, you will pass people gathered together for protection in their last hours of life. 當(dāng)你走動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你將發(fā)現(xiàn)在生命的最后時(shí)刻聚集在一起尋求保護(hù)的人們。 People gathered in the hall for the celebration on the eve of the National Day. 國(guó)慶節(jié)前夕人們聚集在禮堂開慶祝會(huì)。 Hes gathering materials for a new book. 他正在為一本新書搜集資料。 Ill go home to gather my vegetables. 我要回家收菜。 [辨析比較] gather 指把原來分散的、雜亂的東西無(wú)選擇地聚攏在一起，強(qiáng)調(diào)由個(gè)體聚集到一起成為集體。不僅可以用于人和物，還可用于抽象的東西，如把力量、印象等聚集起來；也指采花、摘果實(shí)、采蜜等 collect 指經(jīng)過精選后按一定原則或種類收集或收斂。著重于有計(jì)劃、有條理地為某種目的進(jìn)行細(xì)心的、有選擇性的收集 [語(yǔ)境串記]　We all gathered together at the gate of the school to collect money for the blind child. 我們都聚在學(xué)校門口為這位盲童籌款。 1．選詞填空： gather, collect ①The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic and burn it. ②He travels a lot gathering facts about the littleknown disease. ③All the students are now gathering on the playground to wait for their school meeting. ④His hobby is collecting stamps. 2．完成句子 ⑤昨天上午成千上萬(wàn)的人聚集在大使館外面。 Thousands of people gatheredoutside the embassy yesterday morning. ⑥他不久便聚合了一大群人在他周圍。 He soon gatheredacrowd around him. 考點(diǎn)9 burst v．爆炸；爆發(fā)；突發(fā)；沖，闖 n．突發(fā)；迸發(fā) [教材原句] The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst. 這座大樓因煤氣管爆裂而爆炸。 (1)burst in ＝ break in　　　　闖入 burst into 闖入(住宅) burst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起來 burst forth 突然發(fā)生 burst out crying/laughing (＝ burst into tears/laughter) 突然哭/笑起來 (2)a burst of 一陣 The door burst open. 門突然開了。 The river has burst its banks. 河水沖垮了堤岸。 The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。 I had never seen the feelings of being oppressed bursting forth like a fire. 我從來沒有看見過那像火一樣突然迸發(fā)出來的被壓抑的情感。 We all burst out laughing on hearing his funny story. ＝ We all burst into laughter on hearing his funny story. 聽到他有趣的故事，我們都放聲大笑起來。 A burst of handclapping followed the ending of the song. 歌聲結(jié)束之后接著響起了一陣掌聲。 1．單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①With the play going on, she burst out singing (sing)． ②He burst into the room while we were studying. ③His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause. 2．完成句子 ④聽到這句話，全班同學(xué)都突然大笑起來，我同桌的臉紅了。 Hearing this, the whole class burstintolaughter and my deskmates face turned red. ⑤房地產(chǎn)泡沫破裂，全球金融危機(jī)隨之而至。 The housing bubble burst and a global financial crisis followed. 1．However, much more than buildings and objects, itistheformsofthepeople who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. 但是，與城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中遇難的人們的輪廓像則更使得這座城市成為人類歷史的紀(jì)念碑。 (1)本句中it is ...that ... 為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，who were caught in the disaster為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the people。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法： ①基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他。 It is Wang Yaping who is Chinas first teacher in space. 中國(guó)的第一位太空教師是王亞平。 It was in Greece that Olympic petitions firstly started. 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是在希臘首次開始舉行的。 It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that they should take action to stop pollution. 直到這個(gè)地方被嚴(yán)重污染了他們才意識(shí)到該采取行動(dòng)防止污染了。 ②一般疑問句：Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？ Was it during the Second World War that he died? 他是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間死亡的嗎？ ③特殊疑問句：Where/When/What ... ＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他？ What was it that made the two men mit the crime? 是什么使這兩個(gè)人犯罪？ [名師指津]　(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)用that/who均可，指物時(shí)只用that。 (2)對(duì)“not ... until ...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，要用“It is/was not until ... that ...”這一固定句型。 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句中加黑部分 ①Tu Youyou won the xx Nobel Prize for Medicine. →ItwasTuYouyouwhowonthexxNobelPrizeforMedicine. ②I didnt go to bed until my mother came. →ItwasnotuntilmymothercamethatIwenttobed. ③Did I see you last night in the cinema? →WasityouthatIsawlastnightinthecinema? ④Who does this place belong to? →Whoisitthatthisplacebelongsto? 2．Another man, lying on his side, looks asif he is trying to get up. 躺在他旁邊的另一個(gè)人看上去好像是在試圖站立起來。 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句， Another man looks ...是主句，as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 It sounds as if it is raining. 聽起來像是在下雨。 She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. 她站在門口好像在等人。 He talks as if he knew everything. 他說起話來好像什么都懂似的。 He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before. 他英語(yǔ)講得就好像之前在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)過似的。 It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看起來會(huì)議沒完沒了。 [名師指津]　(1)當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生時(shí)，as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 (2)當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述不是事實(shí)或發(fā)生的可能性不大時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)(be 用were)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)；若表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①M(fèi)anette stood aside with the lamp in his hand as if he were (be) a statue. ②It looks as if she is (be) really ill. ③He talks about Paris as if he hadbeen (be) there before. ④He opened his mouth as if he wouldsay (say) something. 過去完成時(shí) [語(yǔ)法初識(shí)] 原句感知 自主探究 ①A Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man. ②By 1748, they had found an awesome historical site. ③Before the eruption occurred, it had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres. (1)過去完成時(shí)與特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如句②。 (2)句①③④中過去完成時(shí)用于主從復(fù)合句，主從句動(dòng)作都發(fā)生于過去，且有先后關(guān)系。 ④The film had begun when they arrived at the cinema. ⑤I had hoped to meet you at the airport, but I was caught in a traffic jam. ⑥That dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had. (3)句⑥、句⑦中過去完成時(shí)用于擁有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)的句型(It/This/That was the first/last time＋過去完成時(shí)＋從句)。 ⑦There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. ⑧I had meant to e, but something happened. (4)過去完成時(shí)表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，如句⑤、句⑧。 [語(yǔ)法剖析] 一、過去完成時(shí)的定義、構(gòu)成與判定 1．過去完成時(shí)的定義：表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 圖示為： 2．過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 主動(dòng)形式：had done　被動(dòng)形式： had been done 二、過去完成時(shí)的用法 1．表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作即所謂“過去的過去”，或表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 When we arrived he had already left. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)他已經(jīng)離開了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。 ①By the time I got up, my brother had already had (have) his breakfast. ②When I got to school, I realized I hadleft (leave) my bag at home. ③She hadworked (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher. ④I hadwanted (want) to help but couldnt get here in time. ⑤The pen I thought I hadlost (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. ⑥By the end of last month he hadworked (work) in Shanghai for twenty years. 2．用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。 I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission. 我想知道誰(shuí)不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去了。 3．表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等動(dòng)詞。 He had intended that he would e to see you himself, but he was too busy. 他本來打算親自來看你，但他太忙了。 ①她說她在那之前看過那部電影。 Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore. ②The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized he had forgotten to write down his name. 他剛一交上考卷就意識(shí)到忘了寫名字了。 ③我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。 Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuttheydidntletusgo. ④I had intended I would go to pick you up at the airport, but I was too busy. 我本來打算親自去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你們，但我太忙了。 4．用于狀語(yǔ)從句和某些特殊句型中。 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主從句的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，且有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 完成作業(yè)后，他才上床睡覺的。 If you had e yesterday, you would have met him. 如果你昨天來的話，你就見到他了。 This was the first time he had ever been late. 這是他第一次遲到。(類似It was the first time that ...后的從句謂語(yǔ)要用過去完成時(shí)) He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 他一到，天就下起雪來了。(hardly ... when的主句謂語(yǔ)要用過去完成時(shí)) [名師指津]　有時(shí)before, after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，時(shí)間先后不明顯，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。 After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 關(guān)上門后，他離開了教室。 3－1.單句改錯(cuò) ①When we arrived he had already left for three days.left→beenaway ②No sooner did he leave the room than they began to talk about him.did→had;leave→left ③By six oclock he has worked twelve hours.has→had 3－2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①As soon as we got to New York, we entered a different world. →We had no sooner got to New York than we entered a different world. ②She had hardly finished her homework when she went to bed. →Hardly had she finished her homework when she went to bed. 3－3.完成句子 ①(那時(shí))我們離開那座城市已有三年。 It was three years since we hadleft the city. ②我們剛出發(fā)就遇到了大雷雨。 We hadnosoonersetout than a thunderstorm broke. ③那是那一年里他第三次失業(yè)。 It was the third time that he hadbeen out of work that year. 三、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 昨天到10點(diǎn)為止他們才到達(dá)車站。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天10點(diǎn)他們到達(dá)車站。 2．在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first prize in the position petition. 她很高興。她的所有家人對(duì)她也很滿意。在作文比賽中她剛拿了第一名。 [名師指津]　當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上連接發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走進(jìn)房間，打開燈，讀起晚報(bào)來。 四、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作，句中不可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，而過去完成時(shí)表示的是過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作，句中可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。 She had been ill for a week before she came back. 在回來之前，她病了一周了。 She has been ill for a week. 她已經(jīng)病了一周了。 4－1.判斷正(T)誤(F) ①He has e to Beijing since last year.(F) ②He said he had served in the army for 3 years.(T) ③It is 3 years since he joined the army.(T) 4－2.完成句子 ①M(fèi)arx wrote back telling Engels that hispraisehadgreatlyencouragedhim (他的表?yè)P(yáng)極大地鼓勵(lì)了他)． ②I arrived late; I hadntexpected (沒有預(yù)料到) the road to be so icy. ③By the time I got up, my sister hadalreadywashedalltheclothes (已洗完了所有衣服)． ④She said that she hadlearnedEnglish (學(xué)英語(yǔ)) for years since she came to our school. 4－3.翻譯句子 ①到昨天晚上，消息已傳遍全球。 Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld. ②我們到電影院晚了，電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。 Wereachedthecinemalate.Thefilmhadalreadybeenonfortenminutes. ③我到現(xiàn)在一直沒收到她的來信。 Ihaventheardfromhertillnow. [應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)] 一、鏈接高考 單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(xx安徽高考) Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I hadleft (leave) my book in the cafe. 2．(xx湖南高考) I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？” 3．(遼