2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習 專題整合突破八 非謂語動詞.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習 專題整合突破八 非謂語動詞 真題試做 1.(xx山東高考,26)George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. A.to be told B.telling C.being told D.told 2.(xx山東高考,27)Look over there—theres a very long,winding path ______ up to the house. A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead 3.(xx山東高考,23)I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term. A.pleting B.to plete C.pleted D.being pleted 4.(xx山東高考,29)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A.laid B.laying C.to lay D.being laid 考向分析 1.考查對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別,要求明確句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,掌握非謂語動詞的基本用法。 2.考查不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別,要求掌握一些常見動詞后面所接賓語的形式。 3.考查非謂語動詞作定語、狀語、補語時的區(qū)別,尤其是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語所表示的不同時間、邏輯關(guān)系和意義?,F(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語時的區(qū)別應(yīng)引起足夠重視。 4.考查非謂語動詞的否定式、完成式、被動式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),要求掌握其構(gòu)成形式、所表示的時間以及邏輯關(guān)系。 熱點例析 考點一:謂語與非謂語形式的識別 試題以復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和冗長的句式呈現(xiàn),考查考生是否能瞻前顧后地分清句子成分、理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)、明白句子意義,正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當謂語。 【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考,8)I think Tom,as the head of a big department,should either study regularly or ______ his job. A.quits B.to quit C.quitting D.quit 答案為D項。該句使用了either ... or ...并列結(jié)構(gòu),either后面是動詞原形study,or后面也應(yīng)該是動詞原形quit,故選擇D項構(gòu)成并列謂語。 (xx全國高考Ⅱ,10)Tony lent me the money,______ that Id do as much for him. A.hoping B.to hope C.hoped D.having hoped 答案為A項。由于空前沒有連詞,應(yīng)排除謂語形式的C項,如果用hoped則應(yīng)在空前加and;根據(jù)空前的逗號可排除B項,因為動詞不定式作目的狀語時其前不加逗號;“希望……”并不是發(fā)生在“托尼借給我錢”之前,故排除表示完成的having hoped;由于Tony與hope之間存在主動關(guān)系,故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞hoping作狀語。 考點二:非謂語形式作主語 非謂語形式作主語時,形式主語it常用來代替不定式短語作主語。如: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it代替動名詞短語作主語。如: Its no use arguing with them. 【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考,3)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better ______ silent. A.remain B.be remaining C.having remained D.to remain 答案為D項。when在此處引導定語從句修飾times,在when引導的從句中,it是形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式to remain silent,表示“有時保持沉默更好”。 考點三:非謂語形式作賓語 1.部分動詞(短語)后面只能接不定式作賓語。 常見的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/ pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love) He agreed to lend me his bike. He refused to say sorry to me. 2.部分動詞(短語)后面只能接動名詞作賓語。 常見的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/ practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer...to...等。 He admitted taking my money. Do you try to avoid making her annoyed? 3.部分動詞(短語)后接不定式和動名詞時,含義不同,應(yīng)注意區(qū)分。 如: Ill remember to post your letter.我會記住把你的信寄上的。 I dont remember saying this to him before.我不記得以前對他說過這件事。 如: I forgot to tell him to e.我忘記叫他來了。 Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永遠忘不了和他初次見面的情景。 如: I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉,我不能接受你那善意的提議。 I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔說了心里話。 如: You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要試圖改進你的教學方法。 If no one answers,try knocking at the back door.如果沒人答應(yīng),試著敲敲后門。 如: I meant to send you a postcard,but I didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一張明信片給你,但是我身邊沒有你的地址。 Starting too early means wasting your time.出發(fā)太早就是浪費時間。 如: Lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱們在這里停停買些吃的吧。 Lets stop working and have a rest.咱們停下手里的活,歇一會兒。 如: After reading the text,he went on to write the new words.讀完課文之后,他接著寫生詞。 He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接著給我們講故事。 如: I want to join the army.我想?yún)④姟? The road needs rebuilding.這條路修需要重新修建。 如: I cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能幫忙搬箱子,因為我胳膊疼。 They couldnt help laughing when they saw him.他們看到他,忍不住大笑起來。 如: I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建議開一個會來討論這件事情。 He often advises people to use their brains.他常常勸人動動腦子。 【典例分析】 (xx安徽高考,24)I remembered ______ the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights. A.locking B.to lock C.having locked D.to have locked 答案為B項。remember to do sth.意為“記著要做某事”,remember doing sth.意為“記著做過某事”?!霸陔x開辦公室前就把門鎖上”顯然不合邏輯,所以應(yīng)選不定式作賓語。句意:我在離開辦公室以前,記著了要鎖門,但是忘了要關(guān)燈。 (xx北京高考,23)One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting 答案為D項。在介詞by后面,and 前后連接兩個并列賓語,根據(jù)making可知此處選correcting。句意:一個人在犯錯和糾錯中學會一種語言。 考點四:非謂語形式作定語 1.時間關(guān)系不同:不定式作定語通常表示一個未發(fā)生的動作;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語通常表示一個正在進行的動作、經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài);過去分詞作定語多表已完成的動作,或沒有一定的時間性(只表示被動)。如: I have a lot of work to do. The tall girl standing there is a basketball player. This is a play written by Shakespeare. 2.邏輯關(guān)系不同:不定式所修飾的詞可能是它的邏輯主語,也可能是它的邏輯賓語;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,它所修飾的詞一定是它的邏輯主語;過去分詞作定語所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯賓語。如: He is the first to get here. He is the man to depend on. He is the very person looking for you. A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow. 3.不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,不要遺漏必要的介詞。如: He found a good house to live in. 【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考,11)“Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers. A.to be reserved B.having reserved C.reserving D.reserved 答案為D項。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用非謂語形式修飾table,“桌子”是“被預(yù)訂或保留”的,所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語。 考點五:非謂語形式作狀語 1.不定式作狀語: (1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如: He worked day and night to get the money. (2)表示結(jié)果,更常見于so...as to,such...as to,enough to,too...to結(jié)構(gòu)中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。如: I visited him only to find him out. (3)表示原因,用在作表語的某些表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞后面,說明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語所表示的情況等。如: They were very sad to hear the news. 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語: 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示的必須是主語的一個動作,即分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。作原因狀語時,通常放在句首;作結(jié)果狀語時,通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如: Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. He fired his gun,killing the wolf. All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem. 3.過去分詞作狀語: 過去分詞的動作與句子的主語是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 過去分詞可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。如: Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful. Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better. 【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考,29)This machine is very easy ______.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A.operating B.to be operating C.operated D.to operate 答案為D項。句意:這臺機器很容易操作。任何人幾分鐘就會學會使用。該題應(yīng)選不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,說明在哪一方面存在這個形容詞表示的情況或產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。 (xx北京高考,27)______ with care,one tin will last for six weeks. A.Use B.Using C.Used D.To use 答案為C項。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作狀語,且與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故選C項。句意:如果用得仔細的話,一罐可以用六周。 (xx天津高考,11)He got up late and hurried to his office,______ the breakfast untouched. A.left B.to leave C.leaving D.having left 答案為C項。句意:他起床晚了,匆忙趕往辦公室,早餐一動沒動。現(xiàn)在分詞短語在此處作結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 (xx四川高考,6)Tom took a taxi to the airport,only______his plane high up in the sky. A.finding B.to find C.being found D.to have found 答案為B項。only后接不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果,所以應(yīng)選B項作結(jié)果狀語。to have found表示動作發(fā)生在主句謂語took之前,時間上有誤。句意:湯姆乘出租車去了飛機場,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機已經(jīng)飛在高空了。 考點六:非謂語形式作補語 1.a(chǎn)dvise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動詞后面常用不定式作補語。如: Tell the children not to play on the street. The police warned us not to go out at night. 2.make/let/have等使役動詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補語,但在被動句中則使用帶to的不定式。如: They make the students do too much homework every day. The students are made to do too much homework every day. 3.感官動詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補語。 從時間上看,不定式表示發(fā)生或完成;現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)正在進行;過去分詞表示完成。 從邏輯關(guān)系上看,不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著主謂關(guān)系;過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動賓關(guān)系。如: I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿過了大街。 I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿過大街。 I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群學生圍著他。 4.介詞with和without后面可接復(fù)合賓語。不定式作補語常表示將來;現(xiàn)在分詞作補語常表示賓語與補語是主動關(guān)系或正在進行;過去分詞作補語常表示賓語與補語是被動關(guān)系或已經(jīng)完成。如: I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 【典例分析】 (xx四川高考,8)I looked up and noticed a snake______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A.to wind B.wind C.winding D.wound 答案為C項。句意:我抬起頭來,注意到一條蛇為了捉到它的早餐,正盤旋著往樹上爬。在感官動詞noticed后面,賓語a snake和wind為主動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作補語,表示主動、進行。 (xx遼寧高考,25)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. A.to follow B.following C.followed D.follows 答案為B項。句意:這對老年夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后去公園散步,后面跟著他們的寵物狗。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),可排除D項;由于賓語dog與follow之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系,可排除C項;不定式一般表示將來,可排除A項;答案為B項,現(xiàn)在分詞形式作補語。 考點七:非謂語動詞的否定式、進行式、完成式和被動式 1.非謂語動詞的否定式均是在前面加not。 He pretended not to see me. I regret not following his advice. Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam. 2.不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式。 當謂語動詞表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時,不定式動作正在進行,不定式要用進行式。 The boy pretended to be working hard. 當不定式的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生時,不定式要用完成式。 I happened to have seen the film. 當不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者時,不定式要用被動式。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 3.動名詞的完成式、被動式、完成被動式和帶有邏輯主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 We remembered having seen the film. He came to the party without being invited. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 4.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動式。 當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作早于謂語動作之前發(fā)生時,現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。 Having done his homework,he played basketball. 當現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動作的承受者時,現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動式。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake. 【典例分析】 (xx湖南高考,21)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs ______ to achieve the final success. A.being done B.do C.to be done D.to do 答案為C項。句意:我們已經(jīng)有了一個很好的開端,但要想獲得最終的成功,接下來更多的工作還需要完成。主語more work與后面的do存在被動關(guān)系,所以needs后面要用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式作賓語。 (xx福建高考,28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea. A.a(chǎn)ttacking B.having attacked C.being attacked D.having been attacked 答案為C項。由于Chinese fishing boats與attack之間存在被動關(guān)系,所以排除表示主動的A項和B項;由句意“最近中國加緊對黃巖島附近水域的控制來阻止中國漁船在中國南海受到攻擊”可知attack的動作并沒有發(fā)生,因此排除表示完成的D項;故答案為C項。 (xx重慶高考,28)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our pany. A.to be made B.being made C.made D.having been made 答案為A項。根據(jù)第一句in half an hour可知,會議還沒有開始,因此決定還沒有做出,只是將要做出,故排除B、C、D三項;不定式作定語表示將來,符合題意。句意:半小時后我們將舉行一次會議,在會議上將要做出的決定會影響我們公司的將來。 誤區(qū)警示 1.非謂語動詞作賓語的易錯點 (xx上海高考,33) When Peter speaks in public,he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. A.thinking of B.to think of C.thought of D.think of 【錯混透析】A have trouble (in) doing sth.為固定句式,意為“做某事有困難(麻煩)”,故A項正確。該題易誤選B項,主要是沒有看清這是一個固定句式。 【解題指導】 解答非謂語動詞作賓語的題目,應(yīng)注意以下三點: (1)有的動詞后面只能接不定式作賓語;有的動詞后面只能接動詞ing形式作賓語;有的動詞后接不定式和動詞ing形式均可,意義區(qū)別不大;還有部分動詞后接不定式和動詞ing形式時,含義不同。應(yīng)牢記這幾類不同的動詞。 (2)有些短語中的to是介詞,應(yīng)接動詞ing形式作賓語,不要誤認為是不定式符號,而接動詞原形。 (3)有些動詞短語中的介詞in或from常省略,后面應(yīng)接動詞ing形式。 2.非謂語動詞作定語的易錯點 (xx江西高考,32)On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall,Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 【錯混透析】 C 句意:一接到妻子的電話說她摔倒的時候,戈登先生立刻從辦公室沖回家。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作定語修飾phone call,由于phone call 和say之間為主動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用動詞ing的形式。 (xx全國高考Ⅱ,15)The island,______ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to. A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 【錯混透析】 C join A to B意為“把A與B連接起來”。此處邏輯主語the island與join為被動關(guān)系,所以使用過去分詞作定語,相當于非限制性定語從句which is joined to...。 (xx湖南高考,31)The lecture,______ at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started 【錯混透析】A 句意:報告于昨晚七點開始,報告之后便是用望遠鏡觀察月球。start在此用作不及物動詞,表示“開始”,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語,相當于which started...。不定式一般表示將來,C、D項錯誤;若start用作及物動詞,則此處需表示被動,而B項being started 表示正在開始,時間上錯誤。如果忽視了報告的時間,該題易誤選C項。 【解題指導】 解答非謂語形式作定語的題目,可以從三方面著手。 (1)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu),不要被假象所迷惑,確定所選的答案是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。 (2)分析非謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間。表示將來通常用不定式形式;表示進行通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;表示完成通常用過去分詞形式。 (3)分析非謂語動詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系。主動關(guān)系通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;被動關(guān)系通常用過去分詞形式。 3.非謂語動詞作狀語的易錯點 (xx陜西高考,15)______ in a long queue,we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A.Standing B.To stand C.Stood D.Stand 【錯混透析】A 句意:我們排在長長的隊伍中,等著商店開門買一臺新的平板電腦。由于逗號前后沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞,所以不能選擇D項構(gòu)成祈使句;不定式在句首時通常作目的狀語,B項不合邏輯;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作狀語,且句子主語we與stand之間是主動關(guān)系,故選A項。如果不注意逗號前后的邏輯和時間關(guān)系,易誤選B項;如果不注意句與句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,有可能誤選D項。 (xx天津高考,12)______ into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 【錯混透析】 B 句子主語the sentence與translate為被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式作狀語。 (xx四川高考,11)Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep 【錯混透析】 D 根據(jù)句意和邏輯關(guān)系判斷,該題應(yīng)選不定式形式作目的狀語。 【解題指導】 非謂語形式作狀語時,應(yīng)注意以下三點。 (1)不定式通常作目的狀語。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,與句子主語是主動關(guān)系。 (3)過去分詞作狀語時,與句子主語是被動關(guān)系。 4.非謂語動詞作補語的易錯點 (xx四川高考,12)Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car______. A.washed B.wash C.washing D.to wash 【錯混透析】A car和wash為被動關(guān)系,故選washed作補語表示被動。句意:在你開車駛?cè)脒@所城市前,你應(yīng)該先洗車。“get + 賓語 + to do sth.”意為“使賓語做某事”,賓語與后面的補語為主動關(guān)系,所以邏輯關(guān)系判斷失誤會造成誤選D項。 (xx浙江高考,14)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost 【錯混透析】 B 該題易誤選A項,考生可能會將find sb.do與find oneself done混淆。根據(jù)句意“即使最好的作家有時也會覺得自己無法用語言表達”可知,四個選項圍繞lose變化。lost for words為過去分詞短語作賓補,意為“(驚訝,困惑等得)不知說什么好”。 【解題指導】 非謂語形式可以在動詞后面作補語,也可以在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作補語。 (1)在“一感(feel)二聽(hear,listen)三讓(let,make,have)四看(see,watch,notice,observe)”等動詞后面,可以跟不帶to的不定式或者分詞作賓補。不定式表示動作的全過程,說明某事已發(fā)生;現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,還未結(jié)束,現(xiàn)在分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系;過去分詞表示被動和完成,沒有一定的時間性,過去分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。 (2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是“with+賓語+賓補”,賓補可以由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等來充當。若用過去分詞作賓補表示被動和完成;用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示主動和進行;用動詞不定式作賓補表示將來。 5.非謂語動詞的否定式、進行式、完成式和被動式易錯點 (xx浙江高考,19)If they win the final tonight,the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters. A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 【錯混透析】 C 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看,前面已經(jīng)有are going to tour,中間又沒有連詞,不可能出現(xiàn)兩個獨立謂語,所以應(yīng)選非謂語形式,可排除B、D兩項;A、C兩項都表示被動,區(qū)別在于being done強調(diào)正在進行,而動詞不定式to be done表示將來。根據(jù)句子的時態(tài)判斷應(yīng)選C項。 (xx重慶高考,23) ______ to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film. A.Having been asked B.To ask C.Having asked D.To be asked 【錯混透析】A 由后句“I missed a wonderful film”可知,那晚上加班已經(jīng)發(fā)生,由于不定式表示將來,可排除B、D兩項;ask與主語I 之間應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式作狀語。句意:那天晚上被要求加班,我錯過了一場好看的電影。如果主語與ask的邏輯關(guān)系判斷失誤,有可能會誤選C項,如果忽視了發(fā)生的時間,有可能會誤選D項。 【解題指導】 具體運用中,不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞可以有多種形式,過去分詞只有一種形式。 (1)當不定式的動作正在進行時,不定式要用進行式;當不定式的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生時,不定式要用完成式;當不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者時,不定式要用被動式。 (2)當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作早于謂語動作之前發(fā)生時,現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式;當現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動作的承受者時,現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動式。 (3)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式和過去分詞都表示被動和完成,兩種形式作狀語時??苫Q,但作定語時只能用過去分詞形式,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式。 1.(xx山東德州期末,31)______ himself to the life abroad,he has to keep his knowledge and skills updated. A.To acmodate B.Acmodating C.Having acmodated D.Acmodated 2.(xx山東淄博六中四模,24) What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday ______ her dead on her bed. A.to find B.finding C.found D.find 3.(xx山東萊州一中二模,32)—Is Bob still working in your school? — Im afraid not.He is said ______ and ______ in a private school recently. A.to resign;to teach B.to have resigned;to teach C.to resign;to teach D.to have resigned;to be teaching 4.(xx山東東營利津二模,31) Cao Caos tomb is reported ______ in Anyang,which attracts nationwide attention. A.being found B.to be found C.having been found D.to have been found 5.(xx濟南四模,14)—What do you think made Maria upset? — ______ the English exam. A.Failing B.As she failed C.Failed D.Because of failing 6.(xx甘肅武威六中二診,9)University of Cambridge,______ in 1209,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded 7.Under the environment of fierce petition,the only way John could imagine ______ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts. A.handling B.to handle C.handled D.having handled 8.(xx濟南一模,6) In the yard was an old man telling stories,with quite a few children ______ him. A.to surround B.surrounded C.surrounding D.being surrounded 9.(xx濟南一中期末,29) A fire broke out in the building at 7:30 on Tuesday morning,______ in the death of a young girl. A.having resulted B.resulted C.being resulted D.resulting 10.(xx山東菏澤實驗高中月考,26) ______ this problem,they dont know how to deal with it. A.Face B.Faced C.Facing D.To be faced 11.(xx山東實驗中學二模,24) ______all the doors were locked,Mr.Goodman left for New York on holiday. A.Checking B.Checked C.To check D.Having checked 12.(xx山東淄博六中五模,29) The TV play ______ the story of Brother Sharp (犀利哥) will be made soon. A.being based on B.based on C.be based on D.basing on 13.(xx山東棗莊期末,23) Though ______ to see us,he gave us a warm wele. A.surprise B.to be surprised C.surprising D.surprised 14.(xx山東萊蕪期末,30)—Do you think you could get this parcel ______ for me,please? —Consider it done! A.to mail B.mailed C.mailing D.mail 15.(xx山東聊城五校期末,26) My uncle sang a few old songs,my aunt ______ the piano to acpany him. A.played B.to play C.playing D.play 參考答案 八、非謂語動詞 命題調(diào)研明晰考向 真題試做 1.A 考查非謂語動詞。句意:喬治戰(zhàn)后回來,卻被告知妻子已離他而去了。此處應(yīng)用不定式作結(jié)果狀語,表示意料之外的結(jié)果,而且主語George和tell之間是被動關(guān)系,因此用to be told。 2.A 考查非謂語動詞。句意:看那邊有一條蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那所房子。前面已有謂語動詞,故此處要選用非謂語動詞形式,因此排除B項,且path與lead之間為主動關(guān)系,故排除C項,此處是非謂語動詞作定語,leading相當于定語從句which leads,故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 3.B 考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定式作定語時,若不定式和它修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且又和該句主語或賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,常用不定式的主動形式。該題中plete和readings之間是被動關(guān)系,但是plete同時又和句子的主語I存在主動關(guān)系,所以用動詞不定式的主動形式作定語。句意為“在這一學期結(jié)束之前,我有很多材料要閱讀完”。 4.A 考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“起居室既干凈又整潔,里面有一張早已放好的預(yù)備要開飯的餐桌?!眞ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是:with+賓語+賓補,賓補可以由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等來充當,其中賓語和補足語之間是主語和謂語的關(guān)系。若用過去分詞作補足語表示被動和完成;用現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語表示主動和進行;用動詞不定式作補足語表示將來。由語境可知,要用過去分詞作補足語,表示桌子早已被放好了。 創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練 1.A acmodate oneself to意為“使自己適應(yīng)……”,根據(jù)句意判斷逗號前面是后面的目的,所以選用不定式作目的狀語。 2.A 根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選不定式形式,表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 3.D 根據(jù)句意看出鮑勃已經(jīng)辭職,現(xiàn)在正在一家私立學校教書,所以第一個空應(yīng)用不定式的完成式,第二個空應(yīng)用不定式的進行式。 4.D 句意:據(jù)報道,安陽發(fā)現(xiàn)了曹操墓,引起了全國(民眾)的關(guān)注。be reported后面必須接不定式形式,而且從句意看出“已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)”,所以用不定式的完成式表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 5.A 該題的答語為省略句,完整的回答為“(I think) Failing the English exam (made Maria upset).”,所以應(yīng)選動名詞形式作主語。 6.C 動詞found“創(chuàng)立,建立”和其邏輯主語University of Cambridge“劍橋大學”之間為動賓關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用動詞的過去分詞形式作定語,答案為C項。 7.B 該句中John could imagine作the only way的定語,考查結(jié)構(gòu)the way to do sth.,故選B項。 8.C 該句用到了with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),由于賓語quite a few children與surround是主謂關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓語補足語。 9.D result in意為“導致”,主語A fire與其為主動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語,表示失火后自然而然地造成的結(jié)果。 10.C face意為“面對著”,與句子主語they是主動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。 11.D 不定式通常表示將來,可排除C項;句子主語與check為主謂關(guān)系,且從句意看出“已經(jīng)檢查”,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 12.B 根據(jù)后面的謂語will be made可知此處應(yīng)選非謂語形式;base...on...意為“把……作為……的基礎(chǔ);把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上”,The TV play與base之間為被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式作定語。 13.D surprise為及物動詞,意為“使……吃驚”,與句子主語he之間是動賓關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式,此處是Though he was surprised to see us的省略。 14.B get為使役動詞,意為“使得”,“get+賓語 +to do”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……做某事”,“get+賓語 +done”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……被做”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項。 15.C 由于沒有連詞,所以逗號后面不能構(gòu)成句子,可排除謂語形式的A、D兩項;不定式通常表示將來,不合句意;答案為C項,my aunt與現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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