畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書 填表時間： （指導(dǎo)教師填表）學(xué)生姓名 專業(yè)班級指導(dǎo)教師 課題類型工程設(shè)計題目 棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計主要研究目標(biāo)(或研究內(nèi)容)1、棒料切割機機械部分的設(shè)計2、棒料切割機氣壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計3、棒料切割機縱橫行走部分的設(shè)計4、棒料切割機控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計課題要求、主要任務(wù)及數(shù)量（指圖紙規(guī)格、張數(shù)，說明書頁數(shù)、論文字?jǐn)?shù)等）1、3 張零號圖（一張零號總裝圖、部裝圖，氣壓系統(tǒng)原理圖及電氣控制圖）2、300 字左右的中文摘要3、書寫畢業(yè)論文（約 5000~8000 字）進度計劃第 5~6 周 查找資料，確定設(shè)計總體方案，劃出設(shè)計框圖。第 7~8 周 做出切割及機械部分的設(shè)計。第 9~11 周 做出切割機控制系統(tǒng)各設(shè)計。第 12~13 周 畫出總裝圖、部裝圖、氣壓系統(tǒng)圖及控制系統(tǒng)圖。第 14~15 周 書寫畢業(yè)論文準(zhǔn)備答辯。主要參考文獻1 徐 灝. 機械設(shè)計手冊. 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，19912 蔡春源. 簡明機械零件手冊. 北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社，1996.33 陸鑫盛，周 洪.氣動自動化系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計. 上海：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)文獻出版社，19954 許福玲，陳堯明. 液壓與氣壓傳動. 北京： 機械工業(yè)出版社，2000.55 朱善君等.可編程序控制系統(tǒng). 北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，19946 國科精工（上海）有限公司.自潤滑式線性導(dǎo)軌指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 教研室主任簽字： 年 月 日外文資料翻譯CAD / CAM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS TO THE IMPACT OF CHINA’SMACHINERY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRYToday's machinery manufacturing industry is not the traditional sense of the mechanical processing, but set mechanical, electronic, optical, information, materials, biotechnology, energy, management, and other academic achievements as one of the latest new technology complex. Competition in the world economy, mainly reflected in the competitiveness of manufacturing technology, advanced manufacturing technology, has become the international competition in science and technology focus. Under the new situation, China's machinery manufacturing industry faces enormous challenges and opportunities. Machinery manufacturing in the application of integrated CAD / CAM technology, machinery manufacturing industry has provided strong technical support, and its application status and development trend of China's machinery is bound to have a profound impact on the manufacturing sector. 1 .The status of China's machinery manufacturing industry China has now become the world's large manufacturing country: manufacturing value added has four in the world (rankings for the United States, Japan, Germany, and China), 80 kinds of products output ranked first in the world; countries 36 per cent of the total tax revenue, the Financial to the nearly 50 percent, and foreign exchange earnings of 75 per cent, industrial new jobs in the manufacturing sector from 90 per cent to create the manufacturing sector absorbed nearly half of the urban employment and rural surplus labor; the significance of the manufacturing sector to China not only the rapid growth of the country's economic engine, but also promote economic and social information and the basis of industry, science and technology innovation is more important carriers of the major employment and labor departments, is the basic guarantee for national security. But large manufacturing country does not mean that manufacturing power, because although the total amount of 20% of the United States, but its labor productivity is only 4%, and global manufacturing power is only 5% of China has not a manufacturing enterprise into the World Top 50 people ; most of the products are considered high consumption, low added-value products, the low end of the industrial chain; most manufacturers lack the core technology required for high-tech products in more than 80 per cent still relies on imports for major equipment in the manufacturing sector 70 CNC machine tool% occupied by foreign products, large manufacturing country, China is the world's largest machine tool consumer. As “equipment industry in the equipment industry“ - machine tool industry; their level of development and a country's manufacturing industry, the level of industrial development is closely related to China by Zhicaodaguo manufacturing power forward, especially on the machine tool CNC machine tool demand will continue to maintain high-speed growth in the traditional areas of manufacturing technology updates processing enterprises enhance their competitive capacity as the key to a manufacturing NC therefore a very important part of China's CNC technology applications will be created hundreds of thousands of operators, programmers and maintenance staff. 2 .Chinese machinery manufacturing and the trend of development of the CAD / CAM technology requirements How China as soon as possible by the large manufacturing country to a manufacturing power? We have to think about. Machinery manufacturing industry is the development direction of what the machinery manufacturing and provides strong technical support plays a key role in the CAD / CAM technology development should be guided by what principle? Beginning of the 21st century mechanical manufacturing, the development of the overall trend: Flexible, Agile, intelligence, and information technology (network) the same. Information industry will become the dominant industry, machinery manufacturing industry will also be information-led, and the use of advanced manufacturing, and advanced manufacturing technology, advanced management organizations new machinery manufacturing. Including: flexible are the technique and equipment and technology suitable for the production line to the needs of a variety of products can be suitable for rapid replacement technology, the need for replacement products. Ling Jie is the production of ready-to-market reduction for the shortest time, so that the machinery factory mechanism to be flexible. Flexible intelligent automation is an important component of the Flexible Automation is a new development and extension, intelligent promote flexible, which make the production system is better judgement and ability to adapt. Information is no longer a mechanical manufacturing material and energy aid from the power of information to produce value, but through the use of information from the strength of material and energy to produce value. Therefore, the information industry, and intellectual industry will become the leading industries of the community. Furthermore, manufacturing technology also toward ultra-precision machining, micro-machinery manufacturing, such as high-speed cuts direction. Ultra-precision processing technology, micro-machining, micro-EDM EDM, plasma processing, laser processing, ion beam processing, and electron beam processing, and high-speed processing technology to achieve for the rapid increase production efficiency has laid a good foundation. At the same time, manufacturing technology are constantly on the comprehensive utilization of high technology, the need to Engineering Mathematics, laser science, microelectronics technology, computer technology, control theory, biology, material science, management science, information science, the humanities and scientific knowledge Comprehensive Utilization. These subjects changing the face of manufacturing machinery, and machinery manufacturing technology for the development of these disciplines in turn provides a new tool to effectively promote the further development of these fields. CAD / CAM technology is the use of a computer to help people complete product design (Design) and manufacturing (Made) of the new technology, which is computer technology in the production of integrated application components for a new leap. Including the establishment of CAD geometry model, engineering analysis, product analysis, dynamic simulation, automatic mapping; CAM including digital control, process design, robotics, flexible manufacturing system (FMS), and the factory management. CAD / CAM technology manufacturing automation technology is a key component of its rapid development, software, hardware, further improving the level of the machinery industry to provide strong technical support for the enterprise product design, manufacture, production, the level of development bring about a qualitative leap has become the modern enterprise information, and integrated network of the optimal choice. CAD / CAM technology is an integrated technology systems, system software, management software, support software, application software components, including application software is user-to solve some problems of application procedures, general by the user and research institutions in the System software and software support on the basis of a joint shoring, it should be guided by the following principles: (1) user-friendly. Software to applications, users are becoming more easily grasp the basic criteria for evaluating software. User-friendly interface include: easy-to-use, familiar interface, flexible tips to help information, a good interaction, good error handling. (2) Follow the software engineering approach. Software Engineering is to guide the development and maintenance of computer software engineering science projects that use the concept of principle, technology, and methods to the development and maintenance of software. Using software engineering life cycle, from the time the software for the development and maintenance of decomposition, followed by the software life cycle is divided into several phases and stages of development. (3) The parametric CAD. The serialization, GM, a high degree of standardization of products and design used by the mathematical model and product structure are fixed; usually only difference is the size of the structure. For these products, and the conditions can be known as product specifications and change the basic parameters used to replace the corresponding variables, and then automatically by the computer for graphic database, or from the corresponding graphics software calculate all the necessary data, and then from specialized graphics software generated automatically on the screen graphics design, known as parametric CAD. (4) Group Intelligent CAD and CAD. Certain product, not the same structure, but a similar product mix and can be the basis of the similarity of technology, use of group technology will be divided into parts limited number of parts library, according to the same part family in the structural characteristics of the various parts, preparation GM corresponding CAD software for the design of parts of the group, known as the “Group CAD.“ Intelligent CAD is the expert system and the integration of CAD technology and the established system. 3. CONCLUSION Present and future, China's manufacturing industry must be proactive in undertaking the transfer of the world's manufacturing industry, persist in the opening up and into the world economy were in the process of globalization, and strive to create power faster entered the ranks of the world's manufacturing industry to undertake the transfer of , in the protection of intellectual property rights and efforts to strengthen research and development, and strive to improve the ability of innovation, so that China's manufacturing industry from low-end products processing plant into the world's manufacturing center. Because of the improvement of a country's overall strength, rely mainly on the rise in the level of science and technology, scientific and technological progress depends mainly on innovation, and innovation is the carrier of talent so profound changes in the manufacturing sector needs highly skilled talent, manufacturing highly skilled training needs of the whole Zero Distance new training mode, in the face of the vigorous development of China's manufacturing industry, the training of high-quality professional engineers and skilled personnel has become a country of concern. So strong support of CAD / CAM technology support to the project led scientific and technological progress, culture, from design, to manufacturing process operations, the management of various types of talents at all levels will enable China's manufacturing sector in the beginning of the 21st century -- -- China has comprehensively building a well-off society and realize the industrialization process, to a new level, the real world manufacturing power!CAD/CAM 技術(shù)及應(yīng)用對我國機械制造業(yè)的影響當(dāng)今的機械制造業(yè)已不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的機械加工，而是集機械、電子、光學(xué)、信息、材料、生物、能源、管理等學(xué)科最新成就為一體的新技術(shù)綜合體。世界各國經(jīng)濟的競爭，也主要體現(xiàn)在制造技術(shù)的競爭，先進制造技術(shù)已成為當(dāng)代國際間科技競爭的重點。新形勢下，我國機械制造業(yè)面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。機械制造中綜合應(yīng)用的CAD/CAM技術(shù)，曾為機械制造業(yè)提供了強有力的技術(shù)支持，它的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢必將對我國的機械制造業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。1 我國機械制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀中國現(xiàn)已成為世界制造業(yè)大國：制造業(yè)增加值已居世界第4位(名次為美、日、德、中)； 80多種產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量居世界第一；國家稅收總額的36%、財政收人的近50% 、外匯收人的75%、工業(yè)新增就業(yè)崗位的90%是由制造業(yè)創(chuàng)造的；制造業(yè)吸納了近一半的城市就業(yè)人員和農(nóng)村剩余勞動力；制造業(yè)對中國的意義不僅僅是國家經(jīng)濟高速增長的發(fā)動機，也是推動國民經(jīng)濟和社會信息化的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，更是科技創(chuàng)新的重要載體和勞動就業(yè)的主要部門，也是國家安全的基本保證。但是制造業(yè)大國不等于制造業(yè)強國，因為雖然總規(guī)模達美國的20%，但勞動生產(chǎn)率僅為其4%，也僅僅是全球制造強國的5%；中國還沒有一家制造企業(yè)進人世界50強；大部分產(chǎn)品都屬高消耗、低附加值的產(chǎn)品，處產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端；大多數(shù)制造企業(yè)缺乏核心技術(shù)；所需高技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品的80%以上尚依賴進口；重大裝備制造業(yè)中的70%數(shù)控機床被國外產(chǎn)品占領(lǐng)，制造業(yè)大國的中國是世界第一大機床消費國。作為“ 裝備工業(yè)中的裝備工業(yè) ”——機床業(yè)；其發(fā)展水平與一個國家的制造業(yè)、工業(yè)發(fā)展水平密切相關(guān)，中國正由制造大國向制造強國邁進，對機床尤其是數(shù)控機床的需求量仍將保持著高速增長，在傳統(tǒng)制造加工領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)更新成為企業(yè)提升競爭能力的關(guān)鍵，因此數(shù)控加工成為制造業(yè)中非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)，我國的數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也就必須造就數(shù)十萬的操作人員、編程人員和維修人員。2 我國機械制造業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢及對CAD/CAM技術(shù)的要求我國如何盡快地由制造業(yè)大國成為制造業(yè)強國呢?我們不得不去思考。機械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展方向應(yīng)是什么?為機械制造業(yè)提供強力技術(shù)支持并起著關(guān)鍵作用的CAD/CAM技術(shù)開發(fā)應(yīng)該遵循什么樣原則?21世紀(jì)初的機械制造業(yè)，總的發(fā)展趨勢為：柔性化、靈捷化、智能化、信息化( 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 )同。信息產(chǎn)業(yè)將成為社會的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，機械制造業(yè)也將由信息主導(dǎo)，并采用先進生產(chǎn)模式、先進制造技術(shù)、先進組織管理方式的全新機械制造業(yè)。其中：柔性化是使工藝裝備與工藝路線能適于生產(chǎn)各種產(chǎn)品的需要，能適于迅速更換工藝、更換產(chǎn)品的需要。靈捷化是使生產(chǎn)推向市場的準(zhǔn)備時間縮為最短，使機械制造廠的機制能靈活轉(zhuǎn)向。智能化是柔性自動化的重要組成部分，也是柔性自動化的新發(fā)展和延伸，智能化促進柔性化，它使生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)具有更完善的判斷與適應(yīng)能力。信息化是使機械制造業(yè)不再是由物質(zhì)和能量借助于信息的力量生產(chǎn)出價值，而是由信息借助于物質(zhì)和能量的力量生產(chǎn)出價值。因此，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和智力產(chǎn)業(yè)將成為社會的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。再者，制造技術(shù)也向著超精密加工、微型機械制造、超高速切削等方向發(fā)展。超精密加工技術(shù)、微型機械加工、微細電火花加工EDM、等離子加工、激光加工、離子束加工、電子束加工、超高速加工等技術(shù)的實現(xiàn)，為生產(chǎn)效率的快速提高奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。同時，制造技術(shù)也在不斷地對高科技進行綜合利用，需將工程數(shù)學(xué)、激光學(xué)、微電子技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)、控制論、生物學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、管理科學(xué)、信息科學(xué)、以及人文科學(xué)等知識綜合利用。這些學(xué)科改變著機械制造業(yè)的面貌，而機械制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展反過來為這些學(xué)科提供了新的工具，有力地促進著這些學(xué)科的進一步發(fā)展。CAD/CAM技術(shù)是一項利用計算機幫助人們完成產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(Design) 與制造(Made)的新技術(shù)，它是計算機技術(shù)在零件生產(chǎn)中綜合應(yīng)用的新飛躍。CAD包括建立幾何模型、工程分析、產(chǎn)品分析、動態(tài)模擬、自動繪圖等；CAM包括數(shù)字化控制、工藝過程設(shè)計、機器人、柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)、工廠管理等。CAD/CAM技術(shù)是制造自動化技術(shù)的主要組成部分，它的迅猛發(fā)展，軟件、硬件水平的進一步完善，為機械工業(yè)提供了強有力的技術(shù)支持，為企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、制造、生產(chǎn)水平的發(fā)展帶來了質(zhì)的飛躍，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代企業(yè)信息化、集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的最優(yōu)選擇。CAD/CAM技術(shù)也是一種集成技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，由系統(tǒng)軟件、管理軟件、支撐軟件、應(yīng)用軟件組成，其中的應(yīng)用軟件是用戶為解決某些應(yīng)用問題而編制的程序，一般由用戶與研究機構(gòu)在系統(tǒng)軟件與支撐軟件的基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合開撐，因此它應(yīng)遵循以下原則：(1)用戶界面友好。軟件是為了應(yīng)用，用戶是否較為容易地掌握成為評價軟件的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。友好的用戶界面包括：使用方便，界面熟悉，有靈活的提示幫助信息，良好的交互方式，良好的出錯處理。(2)遵循軟件工程方法。軟件工程是指導(dǎo)計算機軟件開發(fā)和維護的工程科學(xué)；即采用工程的概念原理、技術(shù)、方法來開發(fā)和維護軟件。軟件工程采用生命周期法，從時間上對軟件的開發(fā)和維護進行分解，把軟件生存周期依次劃分為幾個階段，分階段進行開發(fā)。(3)參數(shù)化 CAD。對于系列化、通用化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高的產(chǎn)品，設(shè)計所用的數(shù)學(xué)模型及產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)都是固定的；通常僅是結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的差異。 (4)成組CAD 及智能化CAD。某些產(chǎn)品，結(jié)構(gòu)雖不一樣，但較相似，可以根據(jù)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝性的相似性，利用成組技術(shù)將零件劃分成有限數(shù)目的零件庫，根據(jù)同一零件族中各零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，編制相應(yīng)的CAD通用軟件，用于該族零件的設(shè)計，稱為“ 成組CAD”。智能化CAD就是將專家系統(tǒng)與CAD技術(shù)融為一體而建立起來的系統(tǒng)。3. 結(jié)束語現(xiàn)在和將來，中國的制造業(yè)必須積極地承接世界制造業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，堅持對外開放，融人世界經(jīng)濟全球化的過程中，力爭更快地跨進制造強國的行列；為了承接世界制造業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，在保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的同時努力加強研發(fā)力量，努力提高創(chuàng)新能力，使中國制造業(yè)從中低端產(chǎn)品加工廠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭澜缰圃鞓I(yè)中心之一。因為國家綜合實力的提高，主要依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的提高，科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步主要靠創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)新的載體是人才；所以制造業(yè)的深刻變化需要高技能人才實現(xiàn)，制造業(yè)高技能人才的培養(yǎng)需要全新的零距離培養(yǎng)模式，面對中國制造業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的工程師和職業(yè)技能人才成為國家的關(guān)注點。那么依托強有力的CAD/CAM技術(shù)的支持，以工程項目帶動科技進步，培養(yǎng)從設(shè)計、制造工藝到操作、管理的各類各級優(yōu)秀人才，一定能使中國的制造業(yè)在21世紀(jì)之初——中國全面建設(shè)小康社會，實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的過程中，再上一個新臺階，真正的成為世界制造業(yè)強國!棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計I摘 要本次設(shè)計主要做出了棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計切割部分、夾緊部分、縱橫行走部分等機械部分，切割機的電氣控制線路和 PLC 自動控制等控制部分，切割機的氣壓系統(tǒng)等傳動部分的設(shè)計。為了降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高生產(chǎn)效率要求切割機必須能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)較高精度的定長切割，必須有較快的運動速度及運動精度，在這樣的要求下我及我公司多位同仁的共同努力下，經(jīng)過多次的實驗改進終于做出了DJ-01 這臺較優(yōu)秀的金屬棒料切割機，它的工作是由 PLC 控制電磁閥，使電磁閥控制氣缸，并由氣缸驅(qū)動與其連接的部件，實現(xiàn)對棒料的準(zhǔn)確定長切割，切割后自動返回初始位置。一個切割機分別切割兩條鎢棒，其切口深度為 35mm，然后由壓斷機進行壓斷。從我們的實際使用情況來看這臺機器操作簡便，運行穩(wěn)定、維護方便等優(yōu)點，大大的提高了生產(chǎn)效率。該產(chǎn)品性能良好，不但能切鎢棒，還可以切割其他的金屬棒料并且功耗小可以廣泛應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞：自動控制，切割，PLC棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計IIABSTRACTThis design made the DJ-01 main bar cutting machine to cut parts, clamping parts, mechanical parts such as vertical and horizontal moving parts, cutting machines electrical control circuits and PLC automatic control, control parts, cutting machine pneumatic systems, transmission parts design. In order to reduce production costs, improve production efficiency requirements cutting machine must be able to achieve higher precision fixed-length cutting, there must be a faster movement speed and movement precision, such a request in for me and my company the joint efforts of many colleagues, After several experiments to improve the DJ-01 has finally made this station a more excellent cutting machine metal sticks, which is handled by the PLC control solenoid valve, solenoid valve to control the cylinder by cylinder drive connected components, to achieve the accuracy of the bar fixed-length cutting, cutting back to initial position automatically. A cutting machine cutting two tungsten rods, respectively, the incision depth of 35mm, then the pressure off machine pressure off. From our perspective the actual use of the machine easy to operate, stable running, easy maintenance and so greatly improved the production efficiency. Good performance of the product, not only can cut tungsten rod, you can also cut the other Metal Rod and power consumption can be widely used.KEY WORDS: Automatic Control, cut, PLC棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計3目 錄前 言 .1第 1 章 切割機的整體結(jié)構(gòu) .2第 2 章 切割部分設(shè)計 .32.1 設(shè)計要求 32.2 方案設(shè)計 .32.3 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 .42.3.1 砂輪片的選取 .42.3.2 電機的選取 .42.3.3 帶傳動設(shè)計 .42.3.4 升降氣缸的選擇 .82.3.5 滾動軸承的選取及校核 10第 3 章 夾緊部分設(shè)計 .143.1 設(shè)計要求 143.2 方案設(shè)計 .14第 4 章 縱橫行走部分的設(shè)計 .164.1 4.1 設(shè)計要求 .164.2 方案設(shè)計 164.3 直線導(dǎo)軌的選擇計算 .164.3.1 選定條件： .164.3.2 選擇方式 .17棒料切割機及 PLC 控制設(shè)計4第 5 章 控制部分的設(shè)計 .195.1 電氣控制線路的設(shè)計 .195.2 氣動原理圖設(shè)計 .195.3 PLC 自動控制電路設(shè)計 .215.3.1PLC 的組成 215.3.2 可編程控制器的特點 22結(jié) 論 .24謝 辭 .26參考文獻 .27附 錄 .28外文資料翻譯 .32