2018-2019學年高考英語一輪復習 Unit 1 Art講義 新人教版選修6.doc

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Unit 1 Art 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯(英譯漢) [第一屏聽寫] 1．abstract adj.　　　　　 抽象的；深奧的 n. 摘要 2．sculpture n. 雕塑 3．gallery n. 美術陳列室；畫廊 4．conventional adj. 常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的；因循守舊的 5．ridiculous adj. 荒謬的；可笑的 6．controversial adj. 爭論的；爭議的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏聽寫] 7．aggressive adj.　　 　 敢作敢為的；侵略的；好斗的 8．delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 9．fragile adj. 精細的；易碎的；脆弱的 10．fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的 11．contemporary adj. 當代的；同時代的 12．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的 13．consequently adv. 所以；因而 14．masterpiece n. 杰作；名著　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏聽寫] Ⅱ.高頻詞匯(漢譯英) 1．faith n．　　　　　　　　 信任；信心；信念 2．faithfully adv. 忠實地 3．aim n. 目標；目的 vi.&vt. 瞄準；(向某方向)努力 4．typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 5．evident adj. 明顯的；明白的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏聽寫] 6．adopt vt.　　　　　　　 采用；采納；收養(yǎng) 7．possess vt. 擁有；具有；支配 8．possession n. (尤作復數)所有；財產 9．superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；極好的 10．technique n. 技術；方法；技能 11．shadow n. 陰影；影子　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第五屏聽寫] 12．attempt n．　　　　　　　　 努力；嘗試；企圖 vt. 嘗試；企圖 13．predict vt. 預言；預告；預測 14．figure n. 畫像；身材；數字 15．allergic adj. 過敏性的；過敏的 16．exhibition n. 展覽；陳列；展覽會 17．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉體　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏聽寫] 18．preference n．　　　　　　　 喜愛；偏愛 19．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 將……上訴 n. 呼吁；懇求 20．reputation n. 名聲；名譽 21．civilization n. 文明；文化；文明社會 22．visual adj. 視覺的；看得見的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏聽寫] 23．district n．　　　　　　 　　 區(qū)；區(qū)域；行政區(qū) 24．mittee n. 委員會 25．signature n. 署名；簽字 26．specific adj. 確切的；特定的 27．scholar n. 學者 28．avenue n. 林蔭道；道路；大街　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏聽寫] 29．bunch n．　　　　　　　　　 束；串 30．coincidence n. 巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合 31．by_coincidence 巧合地 32．a_great_deal 大量 33．on_the_other_hand (可是)另一方面 34．in_the_flesh 活著的；本人 35．appeal_to (對某人)有吸引力； (使某人)感興趣 二、刷清單—— (一)核心單詞 閱 讀 單 詞 1.sculpture n．　　雕塑 2．gallery n. 美術陳列室；畫廊 3．conventional adj. 常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的；因循守舊的 4．aggressive adj. 敢作敢為的；侵略的；好斗的 5.contemporary adj. 當代的；同時代的 6．controversial adj. 爭論的；爭議的 7．ridiculous adj. 荒謬的；可笑的 8．abstract adj. 抽象的；深奧的 n. 摘要 9.fragile adj.　　 精細的；易碎的；脆弱的 10．fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的 11．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的 12．delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 表 達 單 詞 1.appeal vi.　　　　　　　　有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 將……上訴 n. 呼吁；懇求 2．visual adj. 視覺的；看得見的 3．attempt n. 努力；嘗試；企圖 v. 嘗試；企圖 4．figure n. 畫像；身材；數字 5．shadow n. 陰影；影子 6．district n. 區(qū)；區(qū)域；行政區(qū) 7．scholar n. 學者 8．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉體 9．avenue n. 林蔭道；道路；大街 10．reputation n. 名聲；名譽 11．superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；極好的 12．specific adj. 確切的；特定的 [語境活用] 1．He passed the exam at the first attempt (嘗試), which delighted his parents a lot. 2．(2016浙江高考單選)In this article, you need to back up general statements with specific (具體的) examples. 3．(2015福建高考單選)—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure (身材) after all these years. —By working out every day. 4．Meanwhile, I appeal (呼吁) to the whole society to respect cleaners labor, and to the government to improve their working and living conditions. 5．The waters are crystal clear and offer a superb (極好的) opportunity for swimming. 拓 展 單 詞 1.faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠實的；守信→faithfully adv.忠實地 2．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→type n．類型；典型 v．打字→typist n．打字員 3．evident adj.明顯的；明白的→evidence n．證據；證明；明顯 4．adopt vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng)→adopted adj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的→adoption n．收養(yǎng)；采用 5．possess vt.擁有；具有；支配→possession n．所有；財產 6．technique n．技術；方法；技能→technical adj.技術的；工藝的 7．coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同時發(fā)生的 8．predict vt.預言；預告；預測→prediction n．預言→predictor n．預言者 9．aim n．目標；目的vi.& vt.瞄準；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.沒有目標的；無目的的→aimlessly adv.漫無目的地 10．exhibition n．展覽；陳列；展覽會→exhibit v．展覽；展出；開展覽會 11．preference n．喜愛；偏愛→prefer v．喜愛；偏愛 12．civilization n．文明；文化；文明社會 →civilize v．使文明；使開化；使教化→civilized adj.文明的；有禮貌的 [語境活用] 1．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless sort of life without any aim. (aim) 2．Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs. Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago. Thanks to her adoption,_Mr. White could receive a good education and became an engineer. (adopt) 3．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith) 4．With his business going on well, he at first possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different panies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession. (possess) 5．From the look on Marys face, it was evident that theyve found no evidence so far who had stolen the puters in the office.(evident) (二)常用短語 寫準記牢 語境活用(選用左欄短語填空) 1.lead_to　　　　　　　　　導致 2．appeal_to (對某人)有吸引力；(使)某 人感興趣；呼吁 3．scores_of 大量；許多 4．a_great_deal 大量；非常 5．by_coincidence 巧合地 6．concentrate_on 全神貫注于 7．on_the_other_hand (可是)另一方面 8．depend/rely_on 依靠；依賴 1.On the one hand, the project can help protect our environment; on_the_other_hand,_it can also bring us great benefit. 2．By_coincidence,_he met one of his friends when he was on business in Shanghai. 3．What is known to us is that its humans activity that leads_to global warming. 4．It was up to him to concentrate_on his studies. (三)經典句式 原句背誦 句式解構 佳句仿寫 1.Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時期著名的杰作。 without引導的含蓄條件句。 沒有你的幫助，我考試可能會不及格。 Without your help, I_would_have_failed_in_the_examination. 2.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有印象派畫家，他們在巴黎生活和工作。 表示方位的介詞短語位于句首時句子用全部倒裝。 我注意到，體育館門前站著很多手拿鮮花的學生，他們在等待貴賓的到來。 I noticed that in front of the stadium stood_many_students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests. 3.Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. 亨利克萊弗里克是紐約的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和藝術收藏品全部留給了美國人民。 現在分詞短語作結果狀語，常位于句首或句尾。 據報道大雨使得河水沖破堤岸，沖走了大橋。 It is reported that the heavy rainfall caused rivers to break their banks, washing_away_bridges. 一、過重點單詞—— 1．faith n．信任；信心；信念；承諾 [教材原句]　Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. 人們的生活方式和信仰影響了藝術。 (1)have/lose faith in　　　 對……有/失去信心 keep/break faith with 信守/違背對……的承諾 (2)faithful adj. 忠實的；守信的 faithfully adv. 忠實地；誠心誠意地 [多角練透] 同義替換 ①If we are confident in (＝have_faith_in) ourselves, nothing can defeat us. 單句語法填空 ②History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us. ③Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other. ④I have lost faith in that pany, but I kept faith with the manager. 2．aim n．目標；目的vi.& vt.瞄準；對準；旨在；(向某方向)努力 [教材原句]　During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. 在中世紀，畫家的主要任務是把宗教的主題表現出來。 (1)achieve ones aim　 達到某人的目的；實現某人的目標 take aim at 向……瞄準 without aim 漫無目的地 with the aim of 以……為目標；意在/旨在…… (2)aim at/for 針對；瞄準；目的在于 aim sth.at sb./sth. 用某物朝向/瞄準某人或某物 aim to do sth. 意欲/企圖/旨在做某事 意欲/企圖/旨在做某事 (3)aimless adj. 無目的的 aimlessly adv. 無目的地 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school aimed at developing (develop) our interests and improving our skills. (2017全國卷Ⅲ書面表達) ②In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to_introduce (introduce) American customs and the life of high school students.(2015全國卷Ⅰ書面表達) ③I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible. 單句改錯 ④There was a time when he had nothing to do, wandering aimless in the street all the day. aimless→aimlessly 句式升級 ⑤This activity is aimed at improving the students ability of listening and speaking, which is very popular. →Aimed_at_improving_the_students_ability of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular.(用過去分詞作狀語改寫) 3．adopt vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng) [教材原句]　People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人們開始對生活采取更加人文主義的態(tài)度而較少關注宗教。 (1)adopt ... as ...　　　　　 收養(yǎng)/挑選……為…… (2)adoption n. 收養(yǎng)；采納；通過 (3)an adopted son/daughter 養(yǎng)子/養(yǎng)女；義子/義女 [多角練透] 同義替換 ①In the face of great pressure, I think, we should take (＝adopt) an optimistic attitude. 單句語法填空 ②She was adopted as a little baby, thus she had no affection for her natural parents. ③Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals. ④Parents who have an adopted (adopt) child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted. [名師指津]　注意：adopt與adapt在拼寫上只有一個字母之差，但在意義上卻大相徑庭。后者意為“(使)適應；改編”。 4．possess vt.(不用于進行時)擁有；具有；支配 [教材原句]　Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. 富人們想擁有自己的藝術品，以便他們能裝飾自己的高級宮殿和豪宅。 (1)be possessed of　　　 具有(某品質、能力等) (2)possession n. (常作復數)所有；財產 be in possession of 占有；擁有；持有 be in sb.s possession＝be in the possession of sb. 為某人所有；在某人的控制下 get/take/gain/have possession of　 擁有；占有 [多角練透] 同義替換 ①Whenever your emotion is out of control, just keep in mind that only by owning (＝possessing) a good state of mind can you attain success. 單句語法填空 ②As the saying goes, “A true friend is the best possession (possess)．” ③Although he doesnt possess much money, he is possessed (possess) of good health. 單句改錯 ④With the development of peoples living conditions, more and more people possess of their own cars.去掉第二個of 一句多譯 盡管穿得很破，但這個老人擁有一家大公司。 ⑤Though dressed poorly, the old man is in_possession_of_a_large_pany. ⑥Though dressed poorly, the old man gets/takes/gains/has_possession_of_a_large_pany. ⑦Though the old man dresses himself poorly, a large pany is_in_the_possession_of_him. [名師指津]　in possession of 表主動，意為“擁有；占有；持有”，主語通常為表示人的詞語；in the possession of 表被動，意為“被……占有”，主語通常為表示物的詞語。 5．attempt n．努力；嘗試；企圖vt.嘗試；企圖 [高考佳句]　To get admitted, I have made good preparations beforehand, attempting to know as much as I could about my city, Tianjin.(2017天津高考書面表達) 為了被選中，我在此之前做了充分的準備，努力深入了解我的城市——天津。 (1)attempt/try/intend to do sth.　 努力/企圖做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 試圖做某事 at the first/second ... attempt 第一/二……次嘗試 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①He attempted to_pete (pete) for the position of chairman of the Students Union. ②It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining (explain) climate change. ③Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require. 補全句子 ④If you fail at_the_first_attempt,_there is no need to care about that. 如果你第一次嘗試失敗的話，也沒必要擔心。 6．predict vt.預言；預告；預測 [教材原句]　Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future? 誰又能預測將來的繪畫風格會是什么樣子的呢？ (1)predict sth./that ... 　 預言……；預測…… Its predicted that ... 據預測/預報……；人們預言/預測…… (2)prediction n. 預測；預言；預報；預告 make a prediction for 對……做出預言/預測 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①I believe that predicting (predict) earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future. ②He was unwilling to make a prediction (predict) for the ing year. 句型轉換 ③People predict that puters will replace books as the first source of information before long. →It_is_predicted_that puters will replace books as the first source of information before long. 7．figure n．畫像；身材；體形；數字；圖表；插圖v.估計；計算；認為 [經典例句]　Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays, especially in China. 如今，每個女性都想擁有一個苗條的身材，在中國尤其如此。 [一詞多義]　寫出下列句中figure的含義 ①I figure that you know more about the MBA. 認為 ②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；體形 ③The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.畫像 ④Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.圖表；插圖 ⑤It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country havent got a job.數字 [歸納拓展] (1)figure out　　　　　　 理解；想出；計算出 (2)keep ones figure 保持體形 ⑥If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure_it_out.(2017北京高考單選) 如果你不了解某個事物，你可以研究、學習、與其他人探討，直到你把它弄清楚。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．He had the right to take possession (possess) of the house and farm after his father died. 2．They will start their project, aiming (aim) at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China. 3．The scientists prediction (predict) is based on Darwins Theory of Evolution. 4．This cartoon attempts to_convey (convey) the message that everyone, as a member of society, we should care more about the elderly. 5．Celebrities and public figures (figure) support the event by making appearances on ic TV shows. 6．A certain man planted a rose and watered it faithfully (faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it. 7．To lower the housing price, several measures have_been_adopted (adopt) in the last two years. 8．With the star ing in, the fans stormed up, asking him to sign in their shirt, and they would keep the shirt with signature (sign) all their life. 9．Successful students use different techniques (technical) to study, which brings them more success. 10．All the scientific evidence (evident) shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．For a child, wild animals are a thing of wonder, and as we grow older, we hope to see them in flesh.flesh前加the 2．All attempts control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.attempts后加to 3．We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.figure后加out 4．The man unfolded the paper and glanced at it, but his thoughts were evident elsewhere.evident→evidently 5．Here is a more specifically example to show how it works. specifically→specific 6．People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preference affect learning. 第二個preference→preferences 7．A exhibition of peasant paintings from Longmen was put on in Huizhou a few days ago.A→An 8．The art gallery is full of a variety of art works so that it appeals visitors from all over the world.appeals后加to Ⅲ.根據提示詞補全句子 1．眾所周知，我們國家擁有豐富的資源。(possess) As is known to us all, our country possesses/is_possessed_of rich resources. 2．關心別人勝過關心自己是他的特點。(typical) Its_typical_of_him to care more about others than himself. 3．顯然，成功的人是那些行動的人。(evident) It_is_evident_that successful people are those who act. 4．我們學校將舉辦一項旨在幫助學生抵制網癮的活動。(aim) Our school will hold an event aimed_at_helping_students_fight_against the Internet addiction. 5．幾百年來，人類一直嘗試發(fā)展更快、更經濟的旅行方式。(attempt) For hundreds of years, humans have_attempted_to_develop means for faster, more economical travel. 6．由于采取了新方法，他們鉆研了很長時間的問題終于解決了。(adopt) With new_methods_adopted,_the problem that they had worked on for a long time was eventually worked out. 二、過短語、句式—— 1．on the other hand (可是)另一方面 [教材原句]　On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. 而另一方面，有些現代派的藝術作品卻是那么寫實，看上去就像是照片。 (1)on the one hand ...; on the other hand ... 一方面……；另一方面(卻)…… (2)for one thing ...; for another ... 首先……；其次……/一則……；二則…… (3)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ...　　 第一……；第二…… [題點全練]　補全句子 ①On the one hand, I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family. On_the_other_hand,_I can accumulate some social experience, which does good to my future life. 一方面，我可以掙錢來減輕我家的負擔。另一方面，我可以積累社會經驗，這對我將來的生活也有好處。 ②For one thing, I can help take care of the children. For_another,_I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation. 一則，我可以幫助看孩子；二則，我能提高我的英語、交更多的朋友并豐富我在暑假期間的生活。 ③Firstly,_they_are_not_efficient;_secondly, they are expensive to make. 第一，它們效率不高；第二，它們的制作成本很高。 [名師指津]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以單獨使用。 2．appeal to (對某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感興趣；(向某人)呼吁 [教材原句]　It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and PostImpressionist paintings. 展覽將吸引印象派和后印象派作品的愛好者。 (1)appeal to sb. for sth.　　 為……向某人呼吁或請求 appeal to sb. to do sth. 懇求/呼吁某人做某事 (2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 為……向某人呼吁或請求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/懇求某人做某事 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①We should appeal to people to_save (save) things that nature offers to us as well. ②We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 單句改錯 ③The Students Union make appeal to us students to do housework in our spare time.appeal前加an 一句多譯 作者向我們呼吁要對動物更加友好。 ④The author appeals_to_us_to be kinder to animals.(appeal v．) ⑤The author makes_an_appeal_to_us_to be kinder to animals.(appeal n．) 3．“介詞短語＋系動詞＋主語”的倒裝句式 Among_the_painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were_the_Impressionists,_who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有印象派畫家，他們在巴黎生活和工作。 全部倒裝句式的用法為： (1)here, there, now, then等副詞放在句首時，句子用全部倒裝，謂語動詞常用e, go, be, lie, run等。 (2)表示方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時，句子要全部倒裝，句子中謂語動詞是e, go等表示運動的動詞。 ①Present at the evening party was_our_English_teacher yesterday. 昨天出席晚會的有我們的英語老師。 ②Into the plete silence of the waiting class came (e) the teachers sweet voice, “Good morning, children.” 在全班同學靜靜地等待中傳來了老師甜甜的嗓音：“孩子們，早上好?！? ③—How can I live my dreams in a short time? —Be practical. Between you and your dreams stands (stand) a lot of hard work. ——我怎么能在短時間內實現我的夢想？ ——實際一些。你和你的夢想之間還有大量艱苦工作。 Ⅰ.根據語境選用合適的短語填空 1．In modern times, dancing appeals_to different people for different reasons. 2．It was only by_coincidence that I saw the injured child on my way home, so I called 120 at once. 3．A large number of people have_a_preference_for bottled water, because they feel that tap water may not be safe. 4．Besides, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some, which will surely benefit us a_great_deal. 5．On the one hand, we think that friendship es first, and match es second. On_the_other_hand,_since we all tried our best, we had no regret. Ⅱ.根據提示詞和相關要求補全句子 1．政府呼吁人們減少塑料袋的使用，以保護我們的環(huán)境。(appeal) The government appeals_to_people_for_reducing_the_use_of_plastic_bags in order to protect our environment. 2．沒有良好的教育就沒有先進的科學技術。(without引導的含蓄條件句) Without_excellent_education_there_would_be no advanced science and technology. 3．這是因為植物可以從空氣、水和陽光中制造食物。(because引導的表語從句) This_is_because_plants_can_make_food from air, water and sunlight. 4．彈吉他的一個好處就是它能給你許多快樂。(a great deal) One advantage of playing the guitar is that_it_can_give_you_a_great_deal_of_pleasure. 5．當看籃球比賽時，他們聚精會神于比賽。(concentrate) While watching the basketball match, they all concentrated_their_attention_on the match. Ⅲ.根據提示進行句式升級 1．Some students spend too much time on QQ and microblogs, which makes their teachers and parents worried. (用現在分詞作結果狀語) →Some students spend too much time on QQ and microblogs, making_their_teachers_and _parents_worried. 2．A foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China, live next door to ours. (用完全倒裝) →Next_door_to_ours_live_a_foreign_couple,_who seem to have settled into life in China. 3．I didnt realize the importance of English study, so I didnt work much harder.(用if引導的條件句的虛擬語氣) →If I had_realized the importance of English study, I would_have_worked much harder. 4．Success lies in hard work, which is evident; in other words, hard work leads to success.(用it作形式主語) →It_is_evident_that_success_lies_in_hard_work；in other words, hard work leads to success. 5．There are many mistakes in my position and my English teacher cant understand it.(用so ...that ...結構) →There are so_many_mistakes_in_my_position_that my English teacher cant understand it. 三、過語法、寫作—— (一)單元小語法——虛擬語氣(1) Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1. —Mom, if I were (be) you, I wouldnt ask my son to study at weekends. —Unfortunately, you are not. 2．If I won the lottery, I would_travel (travel) around the world. 3．If his grandparents were (be) alive, Joseph would have a happier childhood. 4．I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had_been (be) there. 5．I wish I knew (know) how to program the new puter. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．If I know his telephone number, I would tell you.know→knew 2．If there is no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.is→were 3．I wish it is s