2019-2020年人教版高中英語必修三教學(xué)案：Unit 4 Section 2(含答案).doc

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2019-2020年人教版高中英語必修三教學(xué)案：Unit 4 Section 2(含答案) 一、這樣記單詞 記得準(zhǔn)寫得對(duì) 記得快記得多 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯 1.astronomyn．　　　　　　　天文學(xué) 2.systemn. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 3.theoryn. 學(xué)說；理論 4.atomn. 原子 5.globen. 球體；地球儀；地球 6.atmospheren. 大氣層；氣氛 7.fundamentaladj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 8.multiplyvi.&vt. 乘；增加 9.oxygenn. 氧 10.puzzlen. 謎；難題 vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難 Ⅱ.拓展詞匯 1.unlikeprep.與……不同；不像→like vt.喜歡 prep.像；如同→likely adj.可能的 2.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→violence n．暴力→ violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 3.harmfuladj.有害的→harm n．&v.傷害→ harmless adj.無害的 4.existvi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存 1.harmful adj.有害的 [記法]　harm(損害) ＋ful(形容詞后綴)→harmful(有害的) [聯(lián)想]　盤點(diǎn)ful后綴形容詞 ①care→careful小心的　 　　②hope→hopeful有希望的 ③help→helpful有幫助的 ④use→useful有用的 2.unlike prep.與……不同；不像 [聯(lián)想]　un前綴形容詞集錦 ①usual→unusual不尋常的 ②able→unable 不能夠 ③fair→unfair不公平的 ④fit→unfit不健康的 ⑤happy→unhappy不高興的 3.multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加 [聯(lián)想]　數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算小聚 ①add v. 加；增加，添加 ②subtract v. 減；減去，扣除 ③divide v. 除；(使)相除 4.oxygen n．氧 [聯(lián)想]　常見氣體小結(jié) ①carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ②nitrogen 氮 ③hydrogen 氫 二、這樣記短語 記牢固定短語 多積常用詞塊 1.solar_system　　　　　　　太陽系 2．in__time 及時(shí)；終于 3．cool_down 冷卻下來；變涼 4．be_fundamental_to 對(duì)……(來說)是基本的 5．lay_eggs 下蛋 6．give_birth_to 產(chǎn)生；分娩 7．in_ones_turn 輪到某人；接著 8．prevent_...from_... 阻止；制止 1.according to 　　　　　根據(jù) 2．begin with 從……開始；起源于 3．in all directions 朝四面八方 4．a(chǎn) cloud of dust 一團(tuán)塵埃 5．a(chǎn) chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng) 6．a(chǎn)s well as 也；還；與……一樣好 7．a(chǎn)s a result of 由于……結(jié)果 8．depend on 取決于；依靠 三、這樣記句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 1.What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ... 隨后它變成什么沒人確定，直到45～38億年前…… what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語。 What_we_cant_get seems better than what we already have. 我們得不到的東西似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的東西好。 2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(開始)變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩，以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 He worked so_hard_that he made great progress. 他學(xué)習(xí)如此努力以至于他取得了巨大進(jìn)步。 3.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。 “make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 George made_it_clear_that he disagreed. 喬治表示得很清楚了，他不同意。 4.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。 第一個(gè)whether引導(dǎo)主語從句。 Whether_we_will_hold_a_meeting is not decided. 我們是否要開一個(gè)會(huì)，還沒有決定。 1．(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(開始)變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩，以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的 (1)a violent attack/storm　　 猛烈的攻擊/暴風(fēng)驟雨 (2)violently adv. 猛烈地；兇猛地 violence n. 暴力；暴行；激情 with violence 猛烈地；強(qiáng)有力地 take ... by violence 強(qiáng)奪…… ①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday. 他昨天碰上了暴風(fēng)雨。 ②The wind blew violently (violent) and the climbers had to give up. 風(fēng)刮得很猛，登山隊(duì)員們不得不放棄。 ③The young man was charged with robbery with violence. 這個(gè)年輕人被指控暴力搶劫。 [語境串記]　Tom was in violent pain. As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence. 湯姆處于極度痛苦之中，因此他表現(xiàn)得很粗暴，一切都以暴力對(duì)待。 2．(教材P25～26)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它們最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)狻⑺魵夂推渌麣怏w，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 in time及時(shí)；終于；遲早 (1)in time作“終于；遲早”講時(shí)，常單獨(dú)使用，作狀語。 (2)in time作“及時(shí)”講時(shí)，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。 ①You will succeed in timeas long as you dont give up. 只要不放棄，你總有一天會(huì)成功。 ②The doctor came in time to_save (save) his life. 醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到并搶救了他的生命。 ③Lucky for him, he was just in time for the bus. 幸運(yùn)的是，他及時(shí)趕上了公共汽車。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　time 相關(guān)短語薈萃： ①from time to time　　 有時(shí)；偶爾 ②at a time 每次 ③in no time 立刻；馬上 ④at the same time 同時(shí) ⑤at one time 一度；從前 ⑥at no time 絕不(置于句首時(shí)，句子常用部分倒裝語序) 3．(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolveharmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。 harmful adj.有害的 (1)be harmful to ...　　　　　　　 對(duì)……有害 (2)harm n. &vt. 傷害；損害 do harm to sb.＝ do sb.harm 對(duì)某人有害 (3)harmless adj. 無害的 ①Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸煙會(huì)危及孩子的健康。 ②Its harmful (harm) to your eyes to read books in the bus.　 在公共汽車上看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。 ③The medicine is harmful to children but harmless (harm) to adults. 這種藥對(duì)兒童有害，卻對(duì)成年人沒有什么害處。 [語境串記]　This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it. 此物會(huì)散發(fā)出有害氣體，這些氣體可能會(huì)損害我們的健康，你必須在使用它之前使它無害。 4．(教材P26)They laid eggs too andexisted on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了1億4千多萬年。 exist vi.存在；生存 (1)exist in　　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活/生存 There exists ... 存在……；有…… (2)existence n. 存在；生活 in existence 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的 e into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在 ①Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air. 月球上沒有東西生存，因?yàn)槟抢餂]有水和空氣。 ②He finds it hard to exist on the money hes earning. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢無法維持生活。 ③Nobody knows when the earth came into existence. 沒人知道地球是何時(shí)形成的。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　exist是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)。 5．(教材P26)Thus they have, in their turn, bee the most important animals on the planet. 于是，它們接著成了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。 in ones turn輪到某人；接著 in turn　　　　　　　　　 依次；輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來 by turns 輪流；交替 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 ①It will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天輪到湯姆值日。 ②They took turns to_look (look) after their parents. 他們輪流照顧他們的父母。 ③Its my turn to_deliver (deliver) a speech in public. 輪到我在公眾面前發(fā)表演講了。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　by turns 是“交替；輪流”的意思，多指兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)行為之間的交替進(jìn)行；如果表示“按順序”則應(yīng)該用in turn。 6．(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which preventsheat fromescaping from the earth into space. 他們把過多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。 prevent ... from阻止；制止 stop ...from (doing) sth. ...　　　　 制止…… keep ...from (doing) sth. ... 阻止…… protect ...from/against (doing) sth. ... 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 保護(hù)……免受……傷害 ①No one can prevent this plan (from) being carried out. 誰也不能阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。 ②They were stopped from entering (enter) the burning building. 他們被攔在了燃燒著的大樓外面。 ③Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against/from attack. 已經(jīng)派出士兵保護(hù)船員免遭襲擊。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　短語prevent/stop/protect ... from ...中的from可以省略，keep ... from ...中的from不能省略。但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，from均不可省略。 7．(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球上生命的起源是科學(xué)家們難以解決的最大疑惑之一。 puzzle n．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難 (1)in a puzzle　　　　　　 感到困惑；不知如何是好 (be) a puzzle to sb. ... ……對(duì)某人來說仍是個(gè)謎 (2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 (3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 be puzzled about 對(duì)……迷惑不解 ①Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with him. 對(duì)于如何和他相處使我感到困惑。 ②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他們?yōu)槭裁锤赡羌氯匀蛔屛屹M(fèi)解。 ③The student was puzzled about what to do next. 這個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)下一步做什么傷透了腦筋。 [語境串記]　The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem. 她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那個(gè)令人困惑的數(shù)學(xué)問題。 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。 句中made it possible for life to develop屬于“v.(動(dòng)詞)＋it＋adj./n.(賓補(bǔ))＋to do/that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中，it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式或that從句。 (1)在“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞或形容詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞或介詞短語充當(dāng)。 ①Praisemakes good men betterand bad men worse. [諺語]表揚(yáng)能使好人更好，壞人更壞。 ②The police made them stand against the wall. ＝ They were made by the police to_stand (stand) against the wall. 警察強(qiáng)迫他們靠墻站著。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　當(dāng)“make＋賓語＋do sth.”變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)“to”要還原。 (2)當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語是不定式短語或從句時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語，而把不定式短語或從句后置。即：make＋it＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語＋不定式短語或從句(賓語補(bǔ)足語由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng))。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞還有：think, believe, find, consider, feel等。 ③I find it hard to_remember (remember) these words in a short time. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住這些詞很難。 ④I must make it clear that Ill always support you. 我必須說清楚我會(huì)一直支持你。 2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(開始)變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩，以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 (1)句中whether ...or not引導(dǎo)主語從句，it為形式主語。 ①It matters littlewhether he likes it or not. 他喜不喜歡并沒有什么關(guān)系。 (2)whether...(or not)引導(dǎo)的從句還可充當(dāng)賓語、表語、同位語、狀語等。 ②Ill see whether_shes_at_home. 我來看看她在不在家。 ③A person has the right to vote, whether_he_is_male_or_female. 一個(gè)人，無論他是男是女，都擁有選舉權(quán)。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．I should be back in time to watch the football match. 2．Smoking too much does harm to your health. 3．When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak. 4．Their son was prevented from going to college last year because of their low ine. 5．I was unaware of his existence (exist) until today. 6．We cant deal with it with violence (violent)． Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子 1．Where the missing plane has gone still remains_a_puzzle_to_us. 失聯(lián)飛機(jī)去了哪兒對(duì)我們來說仍是個(gè)謎。 2．I wonder whether_or_not_you_can_e_in_time. 我不知道你能否及時(shí)趕過來。 3．We have made it_a_habit_to_walk after supper. 我們每天晚飯后散步已成習(xí)慣了。 一、全練語言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．What puzzled (迷惑) me was why they didnt take his advice. 2．It is impossible to prove the existence (存在) of God. 3．I felt my heart beating violently (猛烈地)． 4．As is known, lack of sleep does great harm (傷害) to us students. 5．Three multiplied (乘) by six is eighteen. 6．He chained (拴) the dog for the night. 7．The shortage of water has bee a global (全球) problem. 8．Therere many theories (理論) about the origin of life. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．It is uncertain whether hell succeed in passing the driving test or not. 2．His decision made it possible for us to finish the work by four oclock this afternoon. 3．Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives. 4．The situation in that country should be prevented from being (bee) worse. 5．You neednt worry because this snake is harmless (harm)． 6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director. 7．If you give up this chance, youll regret it in time. 8．Look at the pictures and take turns to_tell (tell) the story. Ⅲ.選詞填空 do great harm to， give birth to， in time， puzzle about， protect ...from ...， lay eggs， prevent ...from ...， in ones turn 1．As we know, laying_eggs is the ant queens fulltime job. 2．The other day my pet cat gave_birth_to a new little cat. 3．These factories have done_great_harm_to the environment. 4．Some measures have been taken in_time to protect the environment. 5．The new measures are designed to protect the public from people like these. 6．We were prevented_from attending Professor Lis lecture by the heavy rain. 7．I have been puzzling__about this question for weeks. 8．All the five daughters, in_their_turn,_took care of the sick father in hospital. Ⅳ.課文語法填空 The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”．The earth 1.exploded (explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2.to_produce (produce) many things, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 3.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases. Then life began to develop. The first small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 5.with oxygen. This encouraged the 6.development (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles 7.and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They 8.are_putting (put) too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 9.escaping (escape) from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to_e (e) will depend on whether this problem can be solved. Ⅴ.串點(diǎn)成篇微表達(dá) 這條河流的兩岸有(exist)許多工廠，有些已經(jīng)對(duì)環(huán)境造成損害(harm)。去年，有家工廠曾經(jīng)發(fā)生劇烈(violently)爆炸。因此，當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兌枷萑氲骄薮蟮目只胖?。聽到已?jīng)及時(shí)(in time)采取措施阻止(prevent ...from)污染的進(jìn)一步惡化，他們都感到非常高興。 There_exist_many_factories_along_the_river,_some_of_which_have_done_great_harm_to_the_environment._Last_year,_one_of_them_exploded_violently;_as_a_result,_the_local_people_got_into_a_great_panic._Hearing_that_some_measures_had_been_taken_in_time_to_prevent_the_pollution_from_getting_bad_to_worse,_they_were_all_more_than_glad._ 二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧 Ⅰ.完形填空 I had thought today was going to be an ordinary day. However, by 9 a．m., I realized it was something very __1__. For the past week, Ive been a bit __2__. My kids are scattered (分散) around the world, and I miss them being part of our __3__ life — you know, dropping in for dinner, being able to meet the girls on a Saturday and go shopping, that sort of thing. I must __4__ feeling a bit sorry for myself. When I told my kids that it was important for them to __5__ and leave home to follow their dreams, I didnt think they would __6__ because they always paid little attention to what I said. But today was a reality check. Firstly, I __7__ a message from my youngest daughter this morning, which __8__ me she got a new job. Five months ago, she __9__ her things and moved to Vancouver alone. __10__， she had no where to live and had no job. __11__， she has found a place to live and has found a job now. Shes feeling right at home in her new city. The next __12__ was from my son, who has been __13__ in Montreal for two years. His __14__ is going from strength to strength. He __15__ out as a video editor and now a producer. His videos __16__ get over 1 million hits and some of them over 10 million. Then to top it off, I was listening to my oldest daughter reading breakfast news for DriveTime, one of the countrys most popular breakfast radio stations. Today __17__ to be the anniversary (周年紀(jì)念日) of the day six years ago when she first started in radio in a small regional radio program, which __18__ she also had to move away from home. So __19__ Im sad that theyre living away from home, Im also __20__ of the way theyve created their success. 語篇解讀：本文為記敘文。作者的孩子們都遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)外出工作，作者為此感到有些難過?？删驮谕惶炖?，她收到了關(guān)于三個(gè)孩子在外工作小有成就的消息，為此作者感到很開心。 1．A.strange　　　　　　　　 B．funny C．different D．mon 解析：選C　作者原以為今天會(huì)像平時(shí)那樣平淡，卻在同一天里得到三個(gè)孩子在外工作的消息，即今天與平時(shí)不一樣。 2．A.sad B．frightened C．excited D．happy 解析：選A　根據(jù)最后一段的“Im sad that theyre living away from home”可知答案。 3．A.hard B．political C．social D．daily 解析：選D　根據(jù)“you know, dropping in for dinner, being able to meet the girls on a Saturday and go shopping, that sort of thing”可知，此處應(yīng)指作者與孩子們一起度過的日常生活。 4．A.avoid B．a(chǎn)dmit C．imagine D．continue 解析：選B　作者因孩子們遠(yuǎn)離家而不開心是事實(shí)，因此她不得不承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。 5．A.wander B．relax C．travel D．run 解析：選C　根據(jù)“l(fā)eave home to follow their dreams”可知，此處應(yīng)指外出，故選C項(xiàng)。 6．A.listen B．refuse C．believe D．mind 解析：選A　根據(jù)“they always paid little attention to what I said”可知，孩子們不怎么聽作者的話。 7．A.delivered B．sent C．spread D．received 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文可知，此處指作者收到小女兒的信息。 8．A.ordered B．told C．urged D．ensured 解析：選B　該信息告訴作者她的小女兒在新的城市找到了工作。 9．A.looked at B．put away C．packed up D．made up 解析：選C　五個(gè)月前，小女兒打包好行李，獨(dú)自一人去了溫哥華。 10．A.In the beginning B．In total C．As a result D．On the contrary 解析：選A　起初，作者的小女兒沒有住的地方，也沒有工作。 11．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．Instead D．However 解析：選D　現(xiàn)在小女兒找到了住的地方和工作。前后兩句表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此選D項(xiàng)。 12．A.present B．message C．support D．stage 解析：選B　第二條信息來自作者的兒子，故選B項(xiàng)。 13．A.touring B．studying C．living D．teaching 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者的兒子在蒙特利爾已經(jīng)生活了兩年了。 14．A.job B．marriage C．hobby D．power 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文可知，作者的兒子事業(yè)越做越好。 15．A.turned B．worked C．came D．started 解析：選D　作者的兒子從當(dāng)一名視頻編輯起家。 16．A.rarely B．regularly C．hardly D．never 解析：選B　作者的兒子事業(yè)越做越好，由此可推斷他的產(chǎn)品深受顧客的青睞，因此選B項(xiàng)。 17．A.happened B．prepared C．planned D．expected 解析：選A　今天恰巧也是大女兒初入播音事業(yè)的六周年紀(jì)念日。 18．A.concluded B．meant C．questioned D．inferred 解析：選B　六年前大女兒為一家小小的地方播音節(jié)目，這意味著她也不得不遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)。 19．A.because B．if C．before D．while 解析：選D　盡管作者因?yàn)楹⒆觽儾辉诩叶y過，但也為孩子們能在外立足而感到驕傲。 20．A.sick B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．tired 解析：選B　參見上題。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) Dear Sir， My name is Li Hua. Id like take the chance for the Twoweek Ecotravel Round Australia. Im a senior two student of 17 in Xian. I have a great many of hobbies, such as music, drawing or playing chess. Especially Im fond of sports and travel. Thats because Im quite strong and healthy. Australia has long been my dream countries to visit. Therere plenty of interesting plants and animals in that magic country, which were what I want to learn personal. The travel will for sure help increase my knowledge of protect the environment and broaden your horizons. It maybe very tired, but I still apply for the travel. Yours, Li Hua 答案：第二句：like后加to 第四句：去掉of; or→and 第六句：because→why 第七句：countries→country 第八句：were→are; personal→personally 第九句：protect→protecting; your→my 第十句：tired→tiring