2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第二講 代詞講與練 新人教版.doc

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第二講　代詞 第一課時　知識過關(guān)課 1.表“兩者”和“多者”的代詞 都 都不 任一 兩者 both neither either 多者 all none any (1)表示否定可說not...either/any，但沒有either/any...not的說法。 (2)none既可指人，也可指物。它強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，意為“一點(diǎn)也不，一個也不”，常用于回答how much和how many開頭的問句；還可與介詞of連用。no one只能指人(＝nobody)，不能接of短語，常用于回答who開頭的問句。 (3)both/all/every等與not連用表示部分否定，意為“并非……都/每一”。 2.表“另外的，別的”的代詞 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 泛指 another others 特指 the other the others 說明 可作定語 不能作定語 (1)單獨(dú)的other只能作定語。 (2)搭配：some...others...有些……另外一些……；one...the other...一個……(特指兩者中的)另一個……；one...another...still another...一個……另一個……還有一個……(列舉，非特指)；for one thing...for another...一則……，再則……(列出理由)。 (3)特殊：another用于“another＋基數(shù)詞(few)＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中，與“基數(shù)詞(some)＋other/more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”相當(dāng)。 3.區(qū)分幾個替代詞 (1)it和that都替代“the＋單數(shù)名詞”，都是特指，都可替代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞；但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。 (2)one替代“a＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指；其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones替代泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 (3)the one是one的特指，替代“the＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，相當(dāng)于that；其復(fù)數(shù)形式those，替代“the＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，在口語中也可用those代替。當(dāng)后面有of短語時，多用that或those；當(dāng)有前置修飾語時，只能用one(s)。 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分的代詞，體會其意義和在句中作何種成分。 We[1] students should get on well with each__other[2]. But in fact, something unpleasant can happen from time to time. For example, yesterday afternoon，it[3] was fine.__All[4] of us went out to the playground. Some were playing games and others[5] were playing football when two boys of us quarreled and then fought. Every__one[6] of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody[7] could exactly tell what[8] they fought for.Neither[9] of them wanted to give in to the__other[10]. I thought it[11] wrong of them to do so. So I tried to tell them[12] that we should put ourselves[13] in others’ shoes, but both[14] of them were too angry to calm down. It[15] was not until our headteacher came that they parted. In my opinion, it[16] is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet. Only those[17] who can easily forgive and forget will get a more fortable life. 1.we是人稱代詞主格，在本句中作主語。 2.each other與one another兩個是相互代詞，在句中只能作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。本句中的each other作介詞with的賓語。 3.it指天氣。 4.all不定代詞，在本句中作主語。 5.some...others...是固定句式，表示“一些人……另一些人……”。 6.every one不定代詞，在本句中作主語，注意，every one常接of短語，但everyone (＝everybody)不與of短語連用。 7.nobody (＝no one)表示“沒有一個人”，在本句中作主語。若與of短語連用，則要用none，如None of them has/have been there.他們中沒有一個人去過那里。 8.what疑問代詞，意為“什么”，在賓語從句中作fought for的賓語。 9.neither指兩者中的“沒有一個”，在本句中作主語。 10.the other特指兩者中的“另外一個”，在本句中作介詞to的賓語。 11.it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。 12.them是人稱代詞的賓格，在句中作賓語。 13.ourselves是反身代詞，在本句中作put的賓語。反身代詞在句中一般作賓語，也可作主語或賓語的同位語。 14.both表示“兩者都”，在本句中作主語。 15.it用于構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，it was not until...that...意為“直到……才……”。 16.it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式。 17.those表示“那些人”，相當(dāng)于those people。 Ⅰ.單句填空(請在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)拇~) 1.At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine. 2.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones. 3.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either of them very much. 4.It’s an either－or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both. 5.Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it. 6.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together. 7.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get one for me? 8.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have some work to do. 9.We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interest. 10.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another. 11.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. 12.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place. 13.I smiled a big smile and it worked a little, really. 14.I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax myself. 15.At that moment an attractive young lady, who noticed my book, came to to me and introduced herself. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.The doctor advised Vera strongly to take a holiday, but he didn’t help.he→it 2.The chairman thought that necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.that→it 3.The book is of great value. Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it.Everything→Nothing 4.If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on us.第二個us→ourselves 5.Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.them→themselves 6.The film that I saw it yesterday is interesting.去掉it 7.With Mr. Smith to teach our English, our spoken English will be improved.our→us 8.I think the dog owners should be aware that his dogs have caused damage to the environment.his→their 9.On hearing this, the young man’s face turned red and she immediately threw the cigarette into the dustbin in the bus.she→he 10.My teachers often encourage we to take after－class activities.we→us 11.A man came in and asked who was the monitor of our class. I told him that myself was monitor.在myself前加I 12.We can practice using English idioms in your diary writing.your→our Ⅲ.語篇填空(在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~) An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1.________. A man saw them and asked the son why 2.________ wasn’t riding the donkey. Then the father let 3.________ ride it.4.________ man saw them and told 5.________ that they should 6.________ ride the donkey. So 7.________ both got on it. A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8.________， why are you both riding that poor animal？9.________ looks so weak and tired.10.________ are so cruel！”Then, the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge, the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　這是一則寓言故事，講述的是沒有主見的父子二人騎驢去趕集的故事。 1.it　[指代前面的the donkey。] 2.he　[指代前面的the son，在賓語從句中作主語，用主格。] 3.him　[指his son，作let的賓語，用賓格。] 4.Another　[泛指“另一個”人。] 5.them　[指代the father和his son，作told的賓語。] 6.both　[作主語they的同位語，指這對父子“兩人都”應(yīng)騎在驢背上。] 7.they　[指代the father和his son，作主語。] 8.me　[與后面的you(你)相對，應(yīng)是me(我)。] 9.It　[指前面的that poor animal。] 10.You　[由前面的you both可知。] 第二課時　高考研究課 代詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.人稱代詞 位置決定形式：①主語處→主格；②賓語處→賓格；③名詞前→形容詞性物主代詞 2.不定代詞 ①位置：主語或賓語處； ②推敲語境，搞清被指代名詞的特點(diǎn)； ③搜索詞匯，從常見的不定代詞中找出適合語境的最佳答案。 真題驗證1 1.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.(2015全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　it　[用it指代前句中的railway。] 2.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt ________(I)，”says Pahlsson.(2017浙江卷) 答案　myself　[根據(jù)前面的主語I可知，此處要用反身代詞作賓語。] 3.On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.(2017浙江卷) 答案　its　[名詞前應(yīng)該使用形容詞性物主代詞。] 4. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.(2017浙江卷) 答案　that　[不定代詞代指前面the education system，同名異物，且為特指。] 5. Now it occurred to ________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015廣東卷) 答案　him　[介詞后使用賓格。] 6.A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ________(it) choking smog. (2015全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　its　[名詞前應(yīng)該使用形容詞性物主代詞。] 7. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建卷改編) 答案　neither　[由語境可知此處表示兩者(two reports)全部否定，故使用不定代詞neither。] 8.Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川卷改編) 答案　none　[由語境可知此處表示三者或以上(full of ideas)全部否定，故使用不定代詞none。] 代詞在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 錯誤類型 解決方法 前后代詞指代不一致 在上下文中尋找與代詞指代相符的對象，保證代詞指代一致 代詞數(shù)的錯用 根據(jù)上下文確定代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 物主代詞 的錯用 名詞前→形容詞性物主代詞；功能上相當(dāng)于“形容詞＋名詞”→名詞性物主代詞 反身代詞與人稱代詞的錯用 反身代詞→代詞與主語一致；人稱代詞→代詞與主語不一致 不定代詞 的錯用 推敲語境，理清指代關(guān)系，找出命題點(diǎn) 真題驗證2 1.Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　第一句all→both或去掉all　[因為此處指張先生和張?zhí)珒蓚€人。both指兩者都，all指三者或三者以上都。] 2.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. (2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　your→my　[作者以第一人稱敘述了這張照片的故事，按照邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)是“這張照片經(jīng)常讓我想到我高中階段的許多記憶”，故應(yīng)該使用代詞my。] 3.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　your→our　[代詞指代不一致。] 4.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2016四川卷)________ 答案　her→his　[代詞指代不一致。] 5.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江卷)________ 答案　them→it　[由語境可知是“很多樹圍繞在一個公園周圍”。] 6.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.(2015陜西卷)________ 答案　anything→something　[在肯定句中常常使用something。] 第三課時　寫作增分課 代詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、使用好代詞，寫出正確優(yōu)美句子 1.在我看來，我們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守學(xué)校制度，做學(xué)校讓我們做的事情。(obey the regulations, whatever) In__my__opinion,__we__students__should__obey__the__regulations__of__our__school,__and__do__whatever__our__school__asks__us__to__do. 2.在冬季，北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷得多。(the weather of Beijing) In__winter,__the__weather__of__Beijing__is__much__colder__than__that__of__Guangzhou. 3.張老師是一位非常受人尊重的老師，一位我們終生都不會忘記的老師。(a most respected, one, for the rest of our lives) Mr.__Zhang__is__a__most__respected__teacher,__one__we’ll__never__forget__for__the__rest__of__our__lives. 4.每個人都應(yīng)關(guān)心環(huán)境。我們中的每一個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。(everyone, care about, the environment, every one, make a contribution to) Everyone__should__care__about__the__environment__and__every__one__of__us__should__make__a__contribution__to__protecting__it. 5.一些人贊成這個主意。不過，另外一些人強(qiáng)烈反對。(some, in favor of, however, strongly against) Some__are__in__favor__of__the__idea;__however,__others__are__strongly__against__it. 二、使用it句型，寫出高顏值的增分句子 1. 遵守規(guī)則是每個人的責(zé)任。(It is everyone’s responsibility to...) It__is__everyone’s__responsibility__to__obey__the__rules. 2. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。(It’s important to...) It’s__important__to__know__your__own__limitations. 3. 我知道是開始做作業(yè)的時候了，但我就是忍不住要玩電腦游戲。(it is time for me to do...) I__know__it__is__time__for__me__to__set__out__to__do__my__homework,__but__I__just__can’t__resist__playing__puter__games. 4. 她是一個熱心腸的人，因此她經(jīng)常幫助那些處于困境的人們就不足為怪了。(it is no wonder that...) She__is__warm－h(huán)earted,__so__it__is__no__wonder__that__she__always__helps__those__who__are__in__trouble. 5. 更糟的是，一些司機(jī)、騎車人和行人(pedestrian)不認(rèn)為遵守交規(guī)有多么重要。(think it vital to...) What’s__worse,__some__drivers,__cyclists__and__pedestrians__do__not__think__it__vital__to__obey__traffic__rules. 6. 總之，自由分享(wild release)使得我們選擇所喜歡的書籍時方便得多。(make it much more convenient for sb to do...) In__a__word,__“wild__release”__makes__it__much__more__convenient__for__us__to__choose__what__books__we__like. 7. 當(dāng)談及英語時，聽和說是我的弱項之所在。(when it es to...) Listening__and__speaking__is__where__my__weakness__lies__when__it__es__to__English. 8. 自從我們上次見面已經(jīng)三年了。(It is...since...) It__is__already__three__years__since__we__met__last__time.