2019高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法突破四大篇 第二部分 專題2 形容詞和副詞講義.doc

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專題2　形容詞和副詞 框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖 形容詞和副詞的功能 1.形容詞的功能：形容詞主要是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)，在句中： ①作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞，說(shuō)明其性質(zhì)、特征等； ②作表語(yǔ)與連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征； ③作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征； ④作狀語(yǔ)主要表示原因、伴隨等。 ⑤作獨(dú)立成分。 2.副詞的功能：副詞作狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的特征，常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及整個(gè)句子等。 形容詞和副詞的核心考點(diǎn) 1.形容詞和副詞的位置 形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。而副詞則是用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、其他副詞或者句子的，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記： (1)形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，須后置。 a task difficult to finish (2)表語(yǔ)形容詞(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定語(yǔ)，須后置，如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well，faint，ill只作表語(yǔ)；sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)。ill如果不是表示身體或精神上“不適的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表示類似bad(不好的)的意思時(shí)，通常只作定語(yǔ)。 He’s been ill since then. By ill luck，my flight had been cancelled. (3)形容詞用作定語(yǔ)，修飾由不定代詞one，no，any，some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything，something等時(shí)，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you. (4)else常用作疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞的后置定語(yǔ)。 (5)enough修飾名詞前置或后置均可；修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞或副詞時(shí)，必須后置。 (6)幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7)頻度副詞如often，always，usually等放在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。 (8)副詞作定語(yǔ)，須后置。 The person there is waiting for you. (9)幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定詞(包括冠詞、所有格、人稱代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等)＋觀點(diǎn)詞(品質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，即表示好、壞、美、丑等的詞)＋形狀或樣式詞(大小、長(zhǎng)短或高低詞)＋年齡或新舊詞＋顏色詞＋產(chǎn)地或來(lái)源詞＋材料或種類詞＋用途詞＋名詞。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella (10)以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。 ①下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。 ②表原意(無(wú)-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副詞： ③有無(wú)-ly意義大不相同的副詞： 2.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) (1)原級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法。 構(gòu)成：形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)即本身。 用法：表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as＋原級(jí)形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not so/as＋原級(jí)形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. This building looks not so/as high as that one. This room is three times as large as that one. (2)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成。 掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特殊形容詞和副詞。 (3)比較級(jí)的用法。 ①表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess＋原級(jí)＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修飾。 He works even harder than before. 注意：(A)英語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)前如無(wú)even，still或yet等時(shí)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可用“較”或“……一些”或不譯出，一般不可用“更”。 She is better than she was yesterday. 她今天身體好些了。 Please e earlier tomorrow. 請(qǐng)明天早點(diǎn)來(lái)。 (B)by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the＋比較級(jí)(主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))，the＋比較級(jí)(主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))”的結(jié)構(gòu)(意為“越……就越……”)。 The harder he works，the happier he feels. ⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 The weather is getting colder and colder. ⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(較好的，優(yōu)于……)，junior(資歷較淺的)，senior(資格較老的)，prior(在……之前)等。 He is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry. ⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(相當(dāng)于the one)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk. I’m afraid Alice’s the only one who can do it. ⑧倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。 (A)A is three(four，etc.) times the size(height，length，etc.) of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (B)A is three(four，etc.) times as big(high，long，etc.) as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. (C)A is three(four，etc.) times bigger(higher，longer，etc.) than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 注意：用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double。 (4)最高級(jí)的用法。 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the＋最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. ②最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really等詞或短語(yǔ)修飾。 This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite the biggest. ③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。 ④形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。 He is the tallest (boy) in his class. ⑤作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。 Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑥否定詞＋比較級(jí)＝最高級(jí) He has never spent a more worrying day. (5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。 ①形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加冠詞。 ②形容詞最高級(jí)前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非?！薄? He is a most clever young policeman.(a most＝very) The film is most interesting.(most＝very) ③表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”，比較級(jí)前加the。 Who is the older of the two boys? ④在“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用省略形式。 The more，the better. (6)由as組成的形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)。 ①as much as＋不可數(shù)名詞　數(shù)量多達(dá)…… Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as 100 dollars a week. ②as many as＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)　數(shù)量多達(dá)…… I have as many as sixteen reference books. ③as early as早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就……而知(論) We might go as far as(遠(yuǎn)到) the church and back. As far as I know(據(jù)我所知)，he has been there before. ⑤may(might，could) as well不妨，不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as...as one can盡某人所能的…… He began to run，as fast as he could. ⑦as...as possible盡可能……的 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 3.幾組重要的詞語(yǔ)辨析 (1)very和much的區(qū)別。 ①可分等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。 ②表示狀態(tài)的分詞形容詞前用very。如a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very plicated problem。一般情況下，以-ing，-ed結(jié)尾的分詞形容詞多用much，very much，greatly等修飾。 We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude. ③已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。 ④too前用much，a lot或far，不用very。如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在too many/much，too few/little前可用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. ⑤關(guān)于原級(jí)形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：(A)修飾“絕對(duì)”意義的形容詞，一般不用very，而用quite，pletely，well，entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，pletely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect等。(B)修飾以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(C)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語(yǔ)有：be well worth，much the same，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening。 (2)so...that...與such...that...的區(qū)別。 注意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不可用such：當(dāng)名詞前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時(shí)，如so much progress，so many people，so little food，so few apples等。但當(dāng)little表示“小”時(shí)用such，如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列短語(yǔ)中so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：so a difficult problem，so difficult problems，so hot weather。 (3)其他幾組詞的辨析。 ①ago，before：ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”；before指以過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。 ②already，yet，still：already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句。 ③too，also，either：too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口語(yǔ)，also多用于書面語(yǔ)；either用于否定句。 ④good，well：與good不同的是，well作形容詞用，只能在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，表示“身體狀況好的”；well還可作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 ⑤quick，fast：作形容詞皆表示“快的”。fast多指運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體，含持續(xù)的意思；quick多指一次動(dòng)作的敏捷、突然，而且持續(xù)的時(shí)間較短。 ⑥r(nóng)eal，true：作形容詞皆表示“真的”。real強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語(yǔ)；true指與事實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)際情況相符合，在句中作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 ⑦h(yuǎn)ard，difficult：均表示“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 1.搭配錯(cuò)誤 2.漢語(yǔ)干擾，詞性混亂 (1)形容詞誤作動(dòng)詞 (誤)He eager to know everything about China. (正)He iseager to know everything about China. (2)形容詞與名詞混淆 (誤)The sport teaches us the important of obedience. (正)The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. (3)形容詞與副詞混淆 (誤)Unfortunate，many people are ignorant of it. (正)Unfortunately，many people are ignorant of it. 3.比較級(jí)的錯(cuò)誤表達(dá) (誤)The sea level is rising moreandmorehigh. (誤)The sea level is rising moreandmorehigher. (正)The sea level is rising higherandhigher. 考向1　詞形變換之形容詞 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Running is cheap，easy and it’s always energetic(energy).(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　連系動(dòng)詞is后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。 2.According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　fertilizer consumption是名詞短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。 3.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable(afford) but doing this most days adds up.(2018浙江) 解析　根據(jù)前面的be可知，此處是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用形容詞；根據(jù)eating out once or twice a week并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知應(yīng)是“付得起(affordable)”。 4.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be careful(care) not to go to extremes. (2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　be之后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，care的形容詞形式是careful。 5.The Central London Railway was one of the most successful(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　“one of the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……的……之一”，此處應(yīng)填success的形容詞形式successful。 6.But something made her look closer，and she noticed a shiny/shining(shine) object.(2017浙江) 解析　空格處修飾名詞object，故用形容詞。shine的形容詞形式為shiny或shining，意為“閃閃發(fā)光的”。 7.She was a very caring/careful(care) mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat！(2016四川) 解析　空格處修飾名詞mother，故用形容詞。care的形容詞是caring(照料他人的)或careful(細(xì)心的)。在此，兩個(gè)形容詞在語(yǔ)意上都能講得通。 8.As natural(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.I felt that their life had improved.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　feel在此處是連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 2.I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　句意為：我不敢在一大群人面前說(shuō)話。這里沒(méi)有比較的意味，故把larger改為large。 3.It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　此處stop是名詞，名詞前用形容詞修飾，所以把suddenly改為sudden。 4.I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　形容詞修飾名詞kinds。 5.At one time，I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be from them.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 6.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already bee a very problem. (2015全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　名詞前應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故seriously應(yīng)改為serious。 7.I thought the biscuits were really .(2015陜西) 解析　句意為：我認(rèn)為餅干真的很好。good作形容詞，意為“好的”，而well作形容詞意為“健康的，適宜的”。由句意可知此處應(yīng)用good。 考向2　詞形變換之副詞 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　句意為：對(duì)肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。故填actually。 2.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly(fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　所填詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故用fair的副詞形式fairly。 3.It is certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　此處應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾形容詞fun。certain的副詞形式為certainly。 4.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞。 5.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually(gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 6.Chinese scientists recently(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016四川) 解析　空格處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)had a chance，應(yīng)用副詞。recent的副詞形式是recently。 7.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel pany in Hong Kong，says it regularly(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　空格處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arrange，要用副詞形式regularly。 8.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give out，因此要用副詞形式。 9.He owned a farm，which looked almost abandoned.Luckily(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015廣東) 解析　第二句句意為：幸運(yùn)的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都能產(chǎn)奶。luckily adv.幸運(yùn)的是，這里用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.，I raised my hand.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　此處要用副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，故把immediate改為immediately。 2.The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.Last winter when I went again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　去鄉(xiāng)下看望爺爺奶奶，應(yīng)該是“遠(yuǎn)指”而非“近指”，故把here改為there。 3.Instead，he hopes that his business will grow .(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用副詞。 4.Dad and I were worried.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　worried為形容詞化了的過(guò)去分詞，修飾形容詞應(yīng)該用副詞，所以將terrible改為terribly。 5.On the left-hand side of the class，I could see the football field.(2015浙江) 解析　修飾動(dòng)詞see要用副詞，故將easy改為easily。 考向3　形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.There could be an even higher(high) cost on your health.(2018浙江) 解析　“副詞even＋比較級(jí)”表示“更……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。 2.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer(long) than non-runners.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級(jí)，故填longer。 3.As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級(jí)形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。 4.Sixteen years earlier(early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2017浙江) 解析　sixteen years earlier意為“早在16年前”。 5.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(識(shí)別) those of greater(great) and less importance.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　根據(jù)后面的and less可知，此處也要用比較級(jí)形式。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.They often get up and water the vegetables together.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　此處敘述他們經(jīng)常早起這一事實(shí)，沒(méi)有比較的意思，故不用比較級(jí)。 2.They were also the best and years in my life.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　與前面的best并列，此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。 3.The dishes that I cooked were Mom’s .(2016四川) 解析　favorite沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 4.My mum makes the biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陜西) 解析　前面有定冠詞the，后面有表示范圍的in the world，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)，故將better改為best。 考向4　易混淆形容詞、副詞與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.(2017浙江) 解析　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，so與后面的that構(gòu)成句型so...that...，意為“如此……以至于……”。so修飾副詞loudly。 2.It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before/earlier，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　由語(yǔ)境可知，幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前我還在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　這句話中含有so...that...(如此……以至于……)結(jié)構(gòu)，故much在此處是多余的。 2.A few minutes ，the instructor asked me to stop the car.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　“一段時(shí)間＋later”表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后”，是固定用法。 3. rare animals are dying out.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　animals為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用many修飾；much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故將Much改為Many。 4.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　此處為so...that...句式，所以much前用副詞so修飾。故刪除very。 5.Nearly five years ，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　相對(duì)于說(shuō)話時(shí)以前用ago；相對(duì)于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前才用before。故將before改為ago。 6.As a result，the plants are growing .(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　somewhere意為“某處”，而句意為“植物到處生長(zhǎng)”，故somewhere應(yīng)改為everywhere。 7.The early morning barking has been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.，Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.(2014遼寧) 解析　此處表示“此外，而且”，應(yīng)用besides。beside在……旁邊。 8.We don’t need to do so homework.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　homework是不可數(shù)名詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞用much不用many。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was healthy(health). 2.It might have made it a little harder(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 3.Lost in the tune，he came suddenly upon a homeless(home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down，touched the beggar’s cheek，and left a 100-dollar bill to him. 4.The more we do for the people，the happier(happy) we’ll be. 5.The lyrics of the songs make rap music truly(true) unique. 6.Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple violent(violence) action. 7.They were clearly(clear) long-standing customers，and I suppose they must have stayed faithful(faith) to him because he had promised to sell fruit of good quality. 8.The conclusions are contained in the agency’s latest(late) report. 9.The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be sweeter(sweet).” 10.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt pleased(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.That is too much for us，considering how the houses are. 2.Don’t panic or get out of line，and try to remain quiet and . 3.，Cleo also has a gift for painting. 4.No one in the carriage had spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. 5.My uncles jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. 6.I remember my grandfather very . 7.To make matters ，now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Maggie. 8.I am awfully ，but I know I’ll never fall asleep. 9.Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test ，but I tried hard to do it. 10.After waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get . Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(形容詞和副詞專練) I don’t think there is much 1.difficulty(difficult) in learning English well，because as long as you master the method and work hard，you can make progress 2.rapidly(rapid).I believe that the 3.harder(hard) you work at your study，the greater progress you will make.For example，Li Ping，a friend of mine，is the 4.most hard-working student in our class，and he gets 5.higher(high) marks than any other student in our class in every English test. Led by him，all the students in our class are studying English harder 6.than before.As a result，in the 7.latest(late) English test，our class was the 8.better(good) of the two classes taught by our English teacher，and the number of students who got excellent marks is twice 9.larger(large) than that of the other.10.Therefore，all of us should study hard no matter what we learn. Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 (一) 1.Ron had a successful(success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 2.The Palace Museum has a collection(collect) of 96 million pieces of ancient Chinese art works. 3.It was a bad night for Louis.His research in the neighboring town took longer(long) than he had expected. 4.That night，I fell asleep with a new appreciation(appreciate) for my mother and her caring hands. 5.If we carry our burdens all the time，sooner or later，as the burden bees increasingly(increasing) heavy，we won’t be able to carry on. 6.He didn’t put the things where they belonged，for which reason he got his punishment(punish). 7.As they couldn’t play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time. 8.The university is very famous，so there are a lot of applicants(applicant) who want to be admitted to it. 9.My aunt advised sending me to the hospital，and the treatment she provided gave my parents valuable(value) time to take me to the hospital. 10.His friend advised him to write down the useful expressions(express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary. 11.We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something impressive(impress) and meaningful. 12.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially(especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 13.Much simpler as Chinese grammar is，Chinese has a tone and writing system that is more difficult for learners(learn) to master. 14.Little Tommy is really hard to deal with.You can’t find a noisier(noisy) boy in the class. 15.When you are faced with challenges，you should believe that confidence(confident) is what makes a difference. (二) 16.Of all the cities in the world，one of the top six healthiest(healthy) cities is Copenhagen，Denmark. 17.At the press conference，a government spokesman expressed his great concern for the safety(safe) of the three trapped workers. 18.My application was successful and I spent a(n) enjoyable(enjoy) month learning film-making. 19.I’m sure it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the improvement(improve) of writing abilities. 20.Surprisingly(surprising)，when I got home，I found a wet 20 bill stuck to the ground. 21.In 1971，after nearly two hundred failures(failure)，Tu’s team found an extract that was 100% effective against the malaria parasites—artemisinin. 22.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better(good) one is put forward，we’ll make do with it. 23.You may find to your amazement(amaze) that there is more kindness in your munity than you ever believed possible. 24.The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans smaller(small). 25.When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what es naturally(natural). Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) (一) 1.One day in Senior Grade 1，I happened to see an English movie named Speed.It was so