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目 錄
第一章 引言 1
1.1研究的目的與意義 1
1.1.1 土地培肥 2
1.1.2糧食增產(chǎn)秸稈還田是有效的增產(chǎn)措施。 2
1.1.3生態(tài)環(huán)境改善 2
1.2機(jī)械化秸稈還田技術(shù)及其國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.1國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2國(guó)外現(xiàn)狀 8
1.3主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 9
1.4技術(shù)路線 11
第二章多功能秸稈還田機(jī)總體設(shè)計(jì) 12
2.1整體結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理 12
2.2傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.2.1秸稈撿拾喂入切碎傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.2.2秸稈深施傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 15
2.3控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 15
第三章秸稈撿拾與喂入裝置設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.1秸稈撿拾裝置設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.1.1結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與工作原理 20
3.1.2撿拾過程運(yùn)動(dòng)分析 20
3.1.3受力分析 22
3.1.4主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的確定 23
3.2秸稈喂入裝置設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.2.1結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.2.2受力分析 24
3.2.3主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)確定 25
第四章切碎裝置設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.1結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.2主要工作參數(shù)確定 28
4.2.1切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速的確定 28
4.2.2定刀配置高度 28
結(jié)論 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 31
致謝 32
摘要
我國(guó)年高粱秸稈產(chǎn)量豐富,但是高粱秸稈的利用率較低,大部分秸稈用于廢棄和焚燒,不僅造成了高粱秸稈的浪費(fèi),還造成了環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染。秸稈還田具有增加土壤養(yǎng)分含量、改善土壤物理性狀、提高土壤微生物和酶的活性、增加糧食產(chǎn)量等作用,可以增強(qiáng)土壤蓄水保墑能力,減少水土流失有效解決因秸稈廢棄焚燒造成的環(huán)境污染問題,同時(shí)秸稈還田還對(duì)保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。
針對(duì)解決我國(guó)東北黑土區(qū)水土流失嚴(yán)重、秸稈焚燒污染環(huán)境等問題,結(jié)合農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)藝的要求研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了多功能秸稈還田機(jī),該機(jī)主要包括秸稈撿拾裝置、秸稈切碎裝置、根可一次進(jìn)地完成秸稈撿拾、秸稈切碎、并針對(duì)其秸稈探施裝置的性能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究。
關(guān)鍵詞 高粱秸稈; 環(huán)境污染; 撿拾裝置; 切碎裝置;
水土流失; 性能研究;
Abstract
Our country is rich in sorghum straw yield, however,the utilization of sorghum straw were lower, most of the straw for abandoned and burned, not only bringing therwaste of the resource, but also making environmental pollute. Straw returning can increase the content of soil nutrient, improve the soil physical properties, increase soil microbial and enzyme activities, increase grain yield and so on. Straw returning also can enhance the soil water holding capacity, reduce soil erosion, can effectively resolve the environmental pollution problems caused by burning of straw. Meanwhile Straw returning has great significance for the protection of the ecological environment and realization sustainable development of agriculture.
To solve the serious problem of soil erosion of Northeast China and environmental pollution caused by straw burning, the mutl functional straw machine was designed combined with there quirements of agrichltural machinery and agronomic. This machine mainly include straw pick-up device, straw cutting device, which can complete straw's pickup, cutting, and experimental study was carried out according to the deep-application device's performance.
Key words: sorghum straw;the environmental pollution;collecting device;
chopped device;soil and water loss; performance study;