深圳牛津版英語八年級上冊知識要點復習.doc

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深圳牛津版英語八年級上冊知識要點復習1-6 第一課知識要點 一、單詞 1.liquid 液體 solid 固體( sold ) 2.gas 氣體( has；was ) cover 覆蓋( discover；over ) 3.stream 小溪( dream；ice cream ) tap 龍頭( tape；cap；map；top ) 4. freeze 驚呆；嚇呆( froze；freezen) pump 用泵輸送(jump) 5.waste 浪費(taste 嘗起來) sound 聽起來；似乎( round；found) 6.angry 生氣的；憤怒的 obey 服從；順從( disobey 違反) 7.nod 點頭( not；now；nor ) total 總數(shù)；合計 8.treatment 處理；治療( treat v.) works 工廠；著作；作品 9.travel 旅行( traveler n.) pipe 管子 10.until 直到……時( =till ) sewage (下水道的)污水 11.pollute 污染( pollution n.) valuable 有價值的；寶貴的( value v.) 12.mint 鑄幣廠( mine；mind ) shiny 光亮的( shine n.) 13.customer 顧客；客戶 ordinary 普通的 14.owner 主人；物主( own v.& adj.) bath 洗澡；沐浴( path；both ) 15.pour 涌流；傾斜( four；tour 旅行；sour 酸；hour；your our ) 16.plant 工廠；植物；種植( plan；plane；planet；pant長褲子；plain 平原 ) 二、短語（詞組） 1. go back to = return to 回到…… 2. give sb.sth. = give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 3. two thirds 三分之二 think about = consider 考慮；思考 4. from…to 從…到… lay eggs 下蛋 5. a few = not many 不多；幾乎沒有 a little = not much 不多；幾乎沒有 6. shake one’s head 搖頭 nod ones head 點頭 7. drop…into 把…扔進 carry…to 把…送到 8. on the right/left 在右邊/左邊 come out of 從……出來 9. agree with sb. 同意某人意見 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 10. at least 最少；至少 at most 最多 11. brush the teeth 刷牙 in fact 事實上 12. come / be from 來自 clean ... up = make ... clean 打掃干凈 13. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 be angry about/at sth. 因某事生氣 14. in the first place = at first 首先；起初 in the end = at last = finally 最后；最終 15. turn ...off/on 關turn ... up / down 調高/調低（聲音/音量） 三、句型結構 1. use sth. to do sth. = do sth. with sth. 用某物去做某事 2. do one’s best(to do sth.) 盡某人最大努力去做某事 We should do our best to learn English well. 我們應該盡力學好英語。 3. It‘s adj. for sb. to do sth. 對于某人來說,做某事是…… Its very important for us to learn English well. = To learn English well is very important for us. 4. remember to do sth. 記得去做某事 （ 未做 ） remember doing sth. 記得做了某事 （ 已做 ） 5. not...until/ before ... = ...after 直到…才 Kate didnt go to bed until/ before she finished her homework yesterday. = Kate went to bed after she finished her homework yesterday. 6. sb. spend sm. on sth. = sb. pay sm.for sth. = sb. buy sth. for sm. = sth. cost sb. sm. 某人花錢買某物Mary spent 500 yuan on the new bike last week.上個星期Kate花500圓買這輛新自行車 = Mary paid 500 yuan for the new bike last week. = Mary bought the new bike for 500 yuan last week. = The new bike cost Mary 500 yuan last week. 7. pay attention to ( doing sth.) 注意(做某事) 8. too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 太多…… too much rain / sand too many + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 太多…… too many apples / dogs much too + adj. / adv. （原級） 過于 / 太…… much too fat / dirty 9.系動詞 + adj.系動詞通常包括be動詞 ( am/ is/ are/ was/ were ) 和感官動詞( look 看起來；sound 聽起來；smell 聞起來；taste 品嘗起來；feel 感覺起來 )等 The girl looked very happy today. The food smells very sad. 10. adj./adv.(原級) + enough 足夠… enough修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，通常放在被修飾詞（形容詞/副詞）的后面。 tall enough 足夠高 important enough 足夠重要 11. a lot of = lots of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/ 不可數(shù)名詞 通常用于肯定句，改為否定句或疑問句時常改為many或much. 第二課知識要點 一、單詞： 1. local 當?shù)氐?；本地?location) term 學期(team) 2. publish 出版；發(fā)行 suggest 建議(suggestion n.=advice) 3. briefly 簡要地 conclude 結束 (= finish / end ) 4. experience 經驗；經歷 vote 投票；選舉( voter n. note ) 5. secretary 秘書(secret adj.) section 文件、書等的)節(jié)；項；段 6. absent 不在場的；缺勤的 shame 遺憾的事；可惜(share；same) 7. form 排列成；形式；年級 mayor 市長(may) 8. deserve 應受；應得(serve) march 齊步走；行進(March；match) 9. consider 考慮(= think about) stall 攤位；貨攤(still；tall；small) 10. design 設計( designer sign) jar 罐子(bar car；star；far) 11. match 競賽；比賽(=game；watch) teenage 十三歲到十九歲的 12. committee 委員會 edition (書、報等)版次（editor） 13. pleased 高興的；滿足的；滿意的( pleasure n. pleasant adj. ) 14. hold 舉行( 過去式:held；cold；sold；told ) 15. feature (報紙、電視等中)特寫或專題節(jié)目；羽毛 （ leature 皮革 ） 16. praise 表揚( raise；pride；proud ) 17. elect 選舉(= choose election；elector = voter；electricity 電；電子 ) 18. free 免費的；自由的；空閑的( freedom n. freeze ) 二、短語（詞組）： 1. take charge of = be in charge of = be responsible for 負責；管理;對…負責 2. talk ... over 商量；討論 = discuss = talk about 3. pay for = spend on 付款 ask for 要求；請求 4. make mistakes 犯錯 write ... down 寫下；記下 5. sit down = have a seat 坐下；就坐 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 6. be pleased with 對…感到滿意 have / hold a meeting 舉行會議 7. take notes 記筆記 ought to = should 應當；應該 8. take part in = join in 參加；加入（+ 活動） 9. in one week’s time = in one week 一周后( 指將來時間 ) 10. all over the world = in the world 全世界 11. take care of = look after = care for 照顧；照看 take care = look out = watch out = be careful 小心；注意 12. think about = consider 考慮 make a decision = descide 決定 13. find out 查明；弄清楚 look for 尋找 find 找到 14. more than = over 超過；多于 on October 1st 在十月一日 15. keep healthy 保持健康/衛(wèi)生 after school 放學后 16. be good at = do well in 擅長于...；在...方面好 be good for 對...有好處 be bad for 對...有害 17. hundrens of years later = after hundrens of years 數(shù)百年后 18. come to the end of sth. 結束某事 = conclude sth. 三、句型結構: 1. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 2. lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物 ( 類似有：send show give pass ) 3. be interested in = be keen on = be fond of 對…感興趣 4. tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事 5. something interesting 有趣的東西 不定代詞 + adj. （ 形容詞修飾不 定代詞，形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。） something important 重要的東西/事情 6. either ... or 不是...就是... （連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞用就近原則） neither ... nor 不...也不...；...和...（兩者）都不 Either I or Tom is going to play basketball.不是我就是Tom將參加打籃球。 Neither Kate nor Mary does well in Chinese. Kate和Mary兩個都不擅長于語文/中文。 7. like ... best 最喜歡... I like playing basketball best. = My favourite sport is playing basketball. 8. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人意見 9. decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth.= make up ones mind to do sth. 決定做某事 make a decision about sth. 對某事作出決定 10. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 11. suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 suggest sb. To do sth. 建議某人做某事 四、語法： 感嘆句 What (a / an) adj. + n. + ( 主語 + 謂語 )! How + adj./adv.+ ( 主語 + 謂語 )! What a beautiful girl Kate is ! = How beautiful Kate is ! What important work it is! = How important the work is! What happy children they are! = How happy the children are! 第三課知識要點 一、單詞： 1. innocent 無辜的；無罪的 detective 偵探 (active) 2. guilty 犯罪的；有罪的 recent 最近的；近來的 3. case 案件(cage;cave;care;cake;base) alone 獨自；單獨(along) 4. lock 鎖；鎖上(cock;rock;sock) safe 保險箱；安全的(save) 5. clue 線索(blue club) earring 耳環(huán)(ear ring) 6. question 提問；質問；問題 necklace 項鏈 (neck) 7. proof 證據(jù)(roof) ruby 紅寶石 ( rugby ) 8. suspect 嫌疑犯;可疑對象 admit 承認 9. own 自己的；本人的；擁有(owner) insurance 保險 10.jail 監(jiān)獄(tail;fail;sail) bracelet 手鐲 (brace let) 11.emerald 綠寶石 diamond 鉆石 12.piece (尤指一套中的)一件；塊；條 separately 單獨地；分別地 13.crime 犯罪行為 belt 皮帶( bell ) 14.frightened 受驚嚇的；害怕的(frighten v.) doorway 門口 (door way) 15.string 線；繩子(= rope) (strong) carpet 地毯(car pet) 二、詞組（短語）： 1. work as = be 從事……工作 knock at/on the door 敲門 2. break into 闖入 bump into 撞擊 3. steal... from 從……偷來 see the film 看電影 4. make mistakes 犯錯 behind bars 坐牢 5. arrive at/in = get to = reach 到達 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 6. wait for 等待 instead of 代替 7. find out 找到 look for 尋找 8. belong to 屬于 enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 9. in the end = at last = finally 最后between...and... 在..和.之間（兩者） 10. in / on the wall 在墻上/里 in/ on the hand 在手里/中 11. let/ make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 12. show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 給某人看某物 ( pass/ give/ send/ lend) 13. at once = right away = in no time 馬上；立刻 14. be the same as 與...相同 be different from 與...不同 15. at first = in the first place = first of all 首先 16. as well as 也；又 = also / as well / too 17. turn ... on 打開（電器；電；煤氣等） turn ... off 關閉 turn ...up 調高/調大 turn ... down 調低/調小 三、句型結構： 1. no longer = not…any longer/more 不再 2. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做了某事 3. sb. buy sth. for sm.=sb. pay/spend sm. for/on sth. =sth. cost sb. sm. 某人花錢買某物 4. find it adj. to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事. find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 5. finish./practice doing sth. 完成/練習做某事 6. be afraid of 害怕 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 7. hope/ want to do sth. 希望/想要做某事 8. notice sb. doing sth. 注意/通知某人做某事 四、語法：（動詞不定式、動名詞） 動詞不定式：分為 帶to的動詞不定式(to + 動詞原形) 和 不帶to的動詞不定式 常和動詞不定式(to do)連用的動詞有： 1. decide/ hope/ plan/ want/ arrange/ learn/ agree/ refuse(拒絕) to do sth. 2. suggest/ ask/ tell/ teach/ want/ wish/ encourage(鼓勵) sb. to do sth 3. keep/see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. doing sth.看見/聽到某人正在做某事（正在進行 常和動名詞（doing）連用的動詞有： suggest/ admit/ deny/ enjoy/ finish/ mind/ keep/ practice(練習) doing sth. 后可接動詞不定式也可接動名詞的動詞，但兩種形式所表達的意思有所不同： remember forget stop remember to do sth記住去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.記起做一事(已做) forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘記已做某事(已做) stop to doing sth. 停下來去做某事(未做) stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做) 其賓語后可接動名詞也可接不帶to的動詞不定式的動詞有：see watch hear see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. do sth. 看見/聽到某人做了某事（已做）see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. doing sth. 看見/聽到某人正在做某事（正在進行） 賓語后只可接不帶的動詞不定式的動詞有：make let have（使得） make/ let sb. do sth. 讓/使某人做某事have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事 第四課知識要點 一、單詞 1. drive 驅動器；駕駛(drove；driven) monitor (計算器)顯示器；班長 2. speaker 揚聲器；喇叭(speak；speech) keyboard 鍵盤( key board ) 3. print 打印(point；paint；printer) mouse 鼠標(pl:mice；house) 4. control 控制 hide 藏；隱藏(hid；hidden) 5. tiny 極小的；微小的(= very small) judge 法官；審判員 6. realize 察覺到；意識到(=be aware of) company 公司 7. rarely 很少；不常(= seldom) type 打字；鍵入；類型 8. reference 標識 distance 距離(dance；distant) 9. railway 鐵路( rail ) raise 提出（問題等）(praise) 10.supply 供應；提供(offer;provide) opinion 意見；看法 11.price 價格(rice；piece) medium 中等的；中號的 12.quantity 數(shù)量 modern 現(xiàn)代的 13.disagree 不同意( agree ) hot 辣的；熱的(heat) 14.smooth 柔和的(= soft) speed 速度( at the speed of ) 15.operate 操作；使運行( operation；operator ) 16.order訂單；命令；順序(in order of 以...順序；in order to do sth為了做某事) 二、短語/詞組 1. hardly ever 難得；幾乎不= seldom for the time being 暫時 2. write...down 寫下 so many/ much 如此多；很多 3. be made of 由……構成 think about = consider 考慮 4. such as 例如 in my opinion = I think 我認為... 5. at the same time 同時 communicate with 與……溝通 6. in the future 在未來 each other = one another 互相；彼此 7. in the world = all over the world 全世界 8. at the moment = now = at present 現(xiàn)在 9. the answer to this question 這個問題的答案 10. be unaware of = not know about 不知道；未察覺 11. be able to = can 會；能；可以 be good at = do well in 擅長于…… 12. be dependent on = depend on 依賴于 13. be short of = not enough 缺少的；不夠的 be short for 縮寫；簡稱 三、句型結構： 1. send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth. 送給某人某物 2. help sb. do sth. 幫助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人 help oneself to + 食物 請自用 with ones help 在某人的幫助下 cant/couldnt help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 3. use sth. for doing sth. = use sth. to do sth.= do sth. with sth. 用某物做某事 4. give sth. to sb.= give sb. sth. 給某人某物 5. pay attention to doing 注意做某事 6. prefer A to B = like A better than B 比起B(yǎng)來更喜歡A Kate prefers China to Japan. = Kate likes China better than Japan. 7. Whats the price of the books? = How much are the books? 四、語法：形容詞的比較等級 形容詞比較級和最高級 絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式：原級、比較級和最高級　　 形容詞的比較級和最高級: 形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎上變化的。分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。 　　形容詞的比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化如下: 　　1) 通常在單音節(jié)詞尾加 -er 和 -est：great (原級) greater greatest 　　2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加 -r 和 -st: wide (原級) wider widest 3) 以 輔音字母 + y 結尾的形容詞,把 y 改i再加 -er 和-est: happy: happier happiest easy: easier easiest early: earlier earliest 4) 以一個元音字母 + 一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫該輔音字母后再加 -er和 -est： big (原級)：bigger biggest sad: sadder saddest 　　5) 以后綴 -ful、 -less、 -ing、 -ed、 -ly等結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，在其前加more 和 most： helpful: more helpful most helpful helpless: more helpless most helpless boring: more boring most boring worried: more worried most worried tired: more tired most tired friendly: more friendly most friendly 6) 在多音節(jié)詞其前加 more 和most: beautiful: more beautiful most beautiful 　　 difficult: more difficult most difficult important: more important most important 　　7) 以 -w 結尾的詞在其詞后加 -er 和-est: new: newer newest few: fewer fewest 形容詞前如加 less 和 least 則表示"更不"和"最不" important 重要 less important 更不重要 least important 最不重要 不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級須特殊牢記: 　　 原級　　　　　 比較級　　　最高級 原級　　　　 比較級　　　最高級 good/ well　 better best many/ much　 more most bad/ ill/ badly　worse worst little　 less least far farther farthest（多指距離、路程）further furthest（多指時間） 1、形容詞原級用法： 1）、 too/ very/ quite/ so/ rather + 原級 2）、 原級 + enough 足夠... 3）、 as + 原級 + as 與...一樣... 4）、 A not as/ so + 原級 + as B A 不如/不及 B... Tom is not as tall as Jim. Tom不如Jim高.（Tom比Jim矮/ jim比Tom高） = Tom is shorter than Jim. = Jim is taller than Tom. Mary is not so beautiful as Jane. Mary不如Jane漂亮。（Jane比Mary漂亮） = Mary is less beautiful than Jane. = Jane is more beautiful than Mary. 2、形容詞比較級的用法: 形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下: 1）、 比較級 + than Kate is taller than Jenny. This picture is more beautiful than that one.這張照片比那張照片漂亮. This meeting is less important than that one. 這次會議不如那次會議重要. 2）、 比較級 and 比較級 越來越... More and more + 多音節(jié)詞原形 越來越... fatter and fatter 越來越胖 taller and taller 越來越高 more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮 more and more important 越來越重要 3)、 the 比較級 + （句子），the 比較級 + （句子） 越...就越... The more we do sports, the healthier we are. 我們越運動，我們就越健康. The more careful we are, the fewer we make mistakes. 我們越認真，我們犯錯誤就越少. 4）、 比較級 + than + any other + 名詞單數(shù)=比較級 + than + the other + 名詞復數(shù) Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. = Mike is taller than the other boys in his class. = Mike is the talest boy in his class. 備注： 用much、 a little、 even等副詞修飾比較級 The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太陽比月亮大得多。 Tom is a little fatter than Jim. Tom比Jim胖一點點。 She is much more beautiful than Kate. 她比Kate漂亮得多。 3、 形容詞最高級的用法: (形容詞最高級前常需用定冠詞the修飾) 　　 形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人或物進行比較, 其結構形式為: 1）、主語 + 謂語(系動詞) + the + 形容詞最高級 + 名詞 + 比較范圍(in/ of all): She is the best student in her class. 　 她是班上最好的學生。 = She is better than any other student/ the other students in her class. 　　This is the most beautiful apple of all. 這是所有蘋果中最大的蘋果。 Li Lei is the youngest of the three. Li Lei是這三個中最年輕的. 2）、 one of + the 最高級 + 名詞復數(shù) Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中國最大城市之一。 形容詞比較等級專項練習題 I、寫出下列各詞的比較級和最高級形式： 原級 比較級 最高級 原級 比較級 最高級 1、much 2、little 3、good 4、bad 5、far 6、many 7、ill 8、well 9、big 10、easy 11、heavy 12、new 13、old 14、young 15、few 16、busy 17、short 18、hot 19、cold 20、dry 21、wet 22、thin 23、fat 24、sad 25、happy 26、sunny 27、red 28、nice 29、early 30、late 31、slow 32、clean 33、careful 34、dangerous 35、important 36、delicious 37、popular 38、useful 39、excited 40、tiring II、用所給形容詞的正確形式填空： 1、The boy is very （tall）. 2、The ruler is (long ) of the four. 3、That tree is much (heavy) than this one . 4、Tom is （good ） than Jim at swimming . 5、Tom is (young) than Li Lei . 6、July is ( hot ) month in a year in china. 7、Basketball is ( popular ) than football in China 8、Which is ( few ) , that box or this box? 9、Who is ( heavy ) , Tom, Jim or Lin Tao ? 10、John has much ( many ) apples than Jim . 11、In summer, the nights get (short ) and the days get (long). 12、Have a good rest, you will get ( well ) tomorrow. 13、He is ( good ) at English in our class. 14、This song is ( popular ) of all. 15、Who has ( little ) milk, Tom, Jim, Kate or Rose? 16、Tom is ( careful) than me. 17、John runs ( quick ) of us. 18. The boy is ( old ) enough to go to school. 19. Mary is one of (beautiful) girls in her school. 20. She is so ( tired ) that she cant walk any longer. III、同義句轉換（每空一詞）： 1、Li Lei is the youngest boy in his class. Li Lei is than boy in his class. Li Lei is than boys in his class. 2、Tom is taller than the other boys in the class. Tom is boy in the class. 3、The oranges are