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摘要 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn) 代化程度 數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè) 如 信息 技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè) 生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè) 航空 航天等國(guó)防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè) 的使 能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備 制造技術(shù)和裝備是人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的最基本的生 產(chǎn)資料 而數(shù)控技術(shù)則是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最核心的技術(shù) 當(dāng)今 世界各國(guó)制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù) 以提高制造能力和水平 提高對(duì)動(dòng) 態(tài)多變市場(chǎng)的適應(yīng)能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力 此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還將數(shù) 控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略物資 不僅采取重大措施來(lái)發(fā)展自己 的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè) 而且在 高精尖 數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對(duì)我 國(guó)實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策 數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)的發(fā)展自 1953 年美國(guó)研制出第一臺(tái)三坐標(biāo)方式升降 臺(tái)數(shù)控銑床算起 至今已有 53 年歷史了 20 世紀(jì) 90 年開(kāi)始 計(jì)算機(jī)技 術(shù)及相關(guān)的微電子基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展 給數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展提供了一個(gè) 良好的平臺(tái) 使數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了高速的發(fā)展 我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)研究從 1958 年起步 國(guó)產(chǎn)的第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床是北京第一機(jī)床廠生產(chǎn)的三坐標(biāo)數(shù) 控銑床 雖然從時(shí)間上看只比國(guó)外晚了幾年 但由于種種原因 數(shù)控機(jī) 床技術(shù)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展卻一直落后于國(guó)際水平 到 1980 年我國(guó)的數(shù)控機(jī) 床產(chǎn)量還不到 700 臺(tái) 到 90 年代 我國(guó)的數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)發(fā)展才得到了 一個(gè)較大的提速 目前 與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平相比仍存在著較大的差距 總之 大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 提高綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)家地位的重要途徑 加工中心 是帶有刀庫(kù)和自動(dòng)換刀裝置的一種高度自動(dòng)化的多功能 數(shù)控機(jī)床 在中國(guó)香港 臺(tái)灣及廣東一代也有很多人叫它電腦鑼 工件 在加工中心上經(jīng)一次裝夾后 數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)能控制機(jī)床按不同工序 自 動(dòng)選擇和更換刀具 自動(dòng)改變機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速 進(jìn)給量和刀具相對(duì)工件的 運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡及其他輔助機(jī)能 依次完成工件幾個(gè)面上多工序的加工 并且 有多種換刀或選刀功能 從而使生產(chǎn)效率大大提高 加工中心由于備有刀庫(kù)并能自動(dòng)更換刀具 使得工件在一次裝夾中 可以完成多工序的加工 加工中心一般不需要人為干預(yù) 當(dāng)機(jī)床開(kāi)始程 序后 它將一直運(yùn)行到程序結(jié)束 關(guān)鍵詞 數(shù)控機(jī)床 進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 滾珠絲杠 仿真 abstract Industrial equipment technical level and the modernized degree determines the level and degree of modernization in the whole national economy numerical control technology and equipment is the development of high tech industries and high tech industries such as Information Industry and information technology biological technology and industry aeronautics and Astronautics national defense industry and trade industry enabling technology and the most basic equipment manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic means of production of human production and activity and numerical control technology is today s advanced manufacturing technology and equipment the core technology CNC technology widely used for manufacturing countries in the world today in order to improve the high manufacturing capacity and level improve the ability to adapt to the dynamic changeable market and competition ability In addition all industrial countries in the world will also list and CNC numerical control technology and equipment for the strategic materials of the country not only to take significant measures to develop their own numerical control technology and industry and in sophisticated key technology and equipment of numerical control of our country to implement policy of closures and restrictions The development of CNC machine tool technology since 1953 the United States developed the first three coordinate lifting mode of CNC milling machine so far has 53 years history of 20 century 90 years the rapid development of computer technology and the microelectronic industrial base to the development of CNC machine tool provides a good platform the CNC machine tool industry has been rapid development CNC technology research in our country started in 1958 domestic the first CNC machine tools is Beijing first machine tool plant production of three axis NC milling machine Although from time to time to see only later than abroad for a few years but due to various reasons CNC machine tool technology in the development of our country is a Straight after on the international level in 1980 China s output of CNC machine tools is not to 700 sets In the 1990s China s CNC machine tool technology development got a larger speed At present with foreign advanced level compared to still exist large gap In short vigorously develop the CNC technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the world s developed countries to accelerate economic development improve the comprehensive national strength and the national status of an important way Machining center with a knife library and automatically change the knife device is a highly automated multi function CNC machine tools In Hong Kong China Taiwan and Guangdong generation also many people call it the computer gongs Workpiece in machining center by a clamping the digital control system can control the machine tool according to not the same process automatic selection and replacement of cutting tools automatically change spindle speed feed rate and tool relative workpiece trajectory and other auxiliary functions in order to complete the process of the workpiece surface processing And there are a variety of change knife or knife selection function so that the production efficiency is greatly improved Machining center equipped with because of the knife and can automatically replace the tool and the workpiece in a fixture can complete the processing of multi process Processing centers do not require human intervention when the machine tool to start the program it will have to run to the end of the process Key words CNC machine tool feed drive system ball screw simulation 目 錄 第 1 章概述 1 1 1 課題的背景 1 1 2 國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)產(chǎn)品及研發(fā)現(xiàn)狀 4 1 3 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及技術(shù)路線 6 第 2 章滾珠絲杠螺母副 7 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致謝 2 1 滾珠絲桿副及其支承的選取 7 2 2 計(jì)算 7 第 3 章伺服電機(jī) 19 3 1 伺服電機(jī)的選型 19 3 1 1 電機(jī)負(fù)載扭矩計(jì)算 19 3 1 2 慣量匹配計(jì)算 20 3 2 伺服定位精度的驗(yàn)證 21 3 2 1 機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置剛度計(jì)算 21 3 2 2 伺服剛度計(jì)算 22 第 4 章仿真分析 23 4 1 機(jī)電進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)綜合結(jié)構(gòu)圖 23 4 2 仿真分析 23 4 2 1 理想線性狀態(tài)的仿真分析 23 4 2 2 具有摩擦非線性因素的仿真分析 24 參考文獻(xiàn) 26 致謝 29