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目 錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………1
關(guān)鍵詞 ……………………………………………………………………………………1
1 前言…………………………………………………………………………………2
2 總體方案擬定………………………………………………………………………2
2.1 工作原理分析…………………………………………………………………… 3
2.2 方案與技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………3
3 玉米脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………………………………4
3.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇……………………………………………………………………4
3.2 脫粒軸的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………6
3.2.1 最小脫粒軸直徑………………………………………………………… 6
3.2.2 脫粒軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………………7
3.2.3 軸的校核………………………………………………………………… 8
3.3 釘齒條的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………… 11
3.3.1 釘齒條的功用…………………………………………………………11
3.3.2 釘齒條的結(jié)構(gòu)及選材…………………………………………………12
3.4 釘齒的設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………………………… 13
3.5 圓盤的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………13
3.5.1 圓盤的特點(diǎn)……………………………………………………………13
3.5.2 圓盤的結(jié)構(gòu)及材料……………………………………………………14
3.6 柵格式凹版的設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………………… 14
3.6.1 柵格式凹版的功能…………………………………………………14
3.6.2 柵格式凹版的選用…………………………………………………15
3.7 柵格托架的選用 ……………………………………………………………… 16
3.8 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………16
3.8.1 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的選擇………………………………………………16
3.8.2 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………17
3.9 上蓋的設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………………………… 18
3.10 鍵的選擇與校核……………………………………………………………… 19
3.10.1 軸上鍵的選擇………………………………………………………… 19
3.10.2 鍵的校核……………………………………………………………… 19
3.11 軸承的選擇和校核…………………………………………………………… 19
3.11.1 軸承的型號(hào)…………………………………………………………… 19
3.11.2 軸承的校核……………………………………………………………20
3.12 玉米脫粒機(jī)上蓋螺栓的選擇………………………………………………… 20
3.12.1 螺栓的強(qiáng)度校核………………………………………………………20
3.12.2 螺栓的型號(hào)選擇………………………………………………………21
4 結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………21
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………………22
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………23
玉米脫粒機(jī)主要零部件設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生:唐正平
指導(dǎo)老師:秦衡峰
(湘潭大學(xué)興湘學(xué)院)
摘 要:為了減少農(nóng)民在脫去玉米粒的時(shí)候時(shí)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、提高其農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率,所以設(shè)計(jì)玉米脫粒機(jī)。該機(jī)主要有入料口、柵格式凹板和釘齒脫粒滾筒及傳動(dòng)部件等組成。以電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力源,動(dòng)力由電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出軸輸出,再通過(guò)傳動(dòng)帶傳遞到釘齒脫粒滾筒上,釘齒脫粒滾筒配合柵格式凹板將玉米脫粒,玉米粒從柵格式凹板分離并排出機(jī)體外,而玉米芯從入料的另一端排出機(jī)體之外。其工藝流程:玉米穗通過(guò)入料斗進(jìn)料口進(jìn)入釘齒滾筒,在高速回轉(zhuǎn)釘齒滾筒的沖擊和玉米穗、釘齒滾筒,柵格式凹版的相互作用下被脫粒。脫下的籽粒通過(guò)柵格式凹版由出粒板滑出機(jī)體,而玉米芯則隨著螺旋排列的釘齒由出芯口排出機(jī)體。為了保證有玉米穗順利的喂入而不堵塞滾筒,進(jìn)料口下底板應(yīng)該有一定的斜度,玉米芯排出口應(yīng)與籽粒排出口保持一定的距離,以免玉米芯與籽粒相混雜。玉米脫粒機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率決定于配套動(dòng)力的大小。其功率消耗可按1kw.h的功可脫600~1000kg已撥皮的玉米穗計(jì)算。未剝皮的玉米穗直接進(jìn)行脫粒時(shí),其生產(chǎn)率約為30%~50%。
關(guān)鍵詞:脫粒機(jī),入料裝置,脫粒裝置
The Design of the Main Parts of Corn Threshing Machine
Author:Tang Zheng-ping
Tutor:Qin Heng-feng
(Oriental Science &Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128)
Abstract: In oder to reducing a peasant during the period of the maize threshes, the intensity of labour, raises working efficiency , designs Corn threshing machine. Be machine's turn to have mainly enter expect that the mouth , bars form notch board and nail tooth the cylinder threshing and drive component etc. are composed of. Take electric motor as driving force source, driving force exports axis output from the electric motor , the nail tooth seed-husking cylinder threshes on the cylinder threshing again by the fact that belt delivery arrives at the nail tooth, coordinating bars form notch board with the corns, besides seeds complies with bars form notch board separation and the outside discharging airframe, but the maize core discharges airframe from another one end entering material.Its process flow :The corn ears though hopper entering the threshing device, under the high speed rolling cylinder which installed the nails crash and the corn ears squeeze with the notch board, the seed will be drained. Than drained seeds will through the board slipped outside. Cob drained outside under the spiral nails help.In oder to make corn ears fluently entering the body ,and can not clog th the body ,the steel board of the bottom of hopper, should be designed set a angle .The corncob escapement should maintain certain distance with the grain escapement, in order to avoid the corncob and the grain are mixed.Corn threshing's production efficiency decides in the necessary power size. Its power dissipation may be possible to escape 600~1000kg according to the 1kw.h merit to dial the corn skin computation. That has not skinned when directly the corn carries on the seed extraction, its productivity approximately is 30%~50%.
Key words: Threshing machine,Enter device, Thresher device
1 前言
隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,生活中的每一個(gè)角落都有機(jī)器的參與。農(nóng)業(yè)是我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)、是國(guó)家發(fā)展的根本,機(jī)械化的普及,不僅使農(nóng)業(yè)加強(qiáng)了農(nóng)業(yè)化生產(chǎn),同時(shí)也減輕了農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)北方地區(qū)種植小麥、玉米等農(nóng)作物約占我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的45%以上,同年出口量北方地區(qū)占全國(guó)達(dá)20%左右。因此我國(guó)北方地區(qū)更需要實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn),從而提高農(nóng)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,玉米脫粒機(jī)就是一種代替人工勞作實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米脫里的小型機(jī)械。
玉米脫粒機(jī)是玉米脫皮后,經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的風(fēng)干,然后將玉米利用脫粒機(jī)使玉米和玉米芯分開,這種機(jī)械就是玉米脫粒機(jī)。它的工作原理是:玉米脫粒機(jī)在進(jìn)行玉米脫粒時(shí),利用釘齒滾筒回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的釘齒與柵格式凹板之間的間隙相配合,使玉米粒拖下(釘齒滾筒和柵格式凹板之間的揉搓作用,將玉米粒脫離玉米芯,并借助其他的機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)將玉米粒和玉米芯分別從兩個(gè)不同的出口排出機(jī)體之外,循環(huán)脫粒,不斷的進(jìn)行填入---脫粒---排出機(jī)體。
2 總體方案擬定
2.1 工作原理分析
為了更優(yōu)化玉米脫離機(jī)的機(jī)型和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),此玉米脫粒機(jī)采用電力拖動(dòng),而且電動(dòng)機(jī)也同樣采取節(jié)能式,電動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在玉米脫粒機(jī)的下部,與脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架的下機(jī)梁固定連接,這樣可以節(jié)省電動(dòng)機(jī)所占用的空間。玉米脫粒機(jī)的從入料到脫粒到分離玉米粒和玉米芯,最后將玉米粒和玉米芯排出機(jī)體之外,是玉米脫粒機(jī)一體完成的,它最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以完成幾個(gè)人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,從而提高了工作效率,節(jié)省了勞動(dòng)時(shí)間。此玉米脫粒機(jī)有這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)之外,還有安全性能高、效率高、堅(jiān)固耐用、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單便于維修和保管。