2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅱ Grammar教學(xué)案 外研版選修6

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1、Section Ⅱ　Grammar——虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Ⅰ) 課前自主預(yù)習(xí) [例句·體驗(yàn)] 1．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. Ellen是一個(gè)極出色的舞者。我希望我能夠跳得和她一樣好。 2．Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會(huì)完成他的著名小說(shuō)《永別了，武器》。 3．Had he caught the

2、 morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他趕上了早晨的火車(chē)，那他就不會(huì)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。 4．If Mr Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 如果Dewey先生當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)的話，他會(huì)為那里的人們提供任何可能的幫助。 5．Were there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wa

3、it for weeks to get news from around the world. 要是沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代化的通訊工具，我們要等上幾周才能獲取世界各地的新聞。 6．If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 要是我知道你的電話號(hào)碼，我昨天就給你打電話了。 7．If you had prepared in advance, you wouldn't be in such awkward position now. 如果你事先做好準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在就不至于那么被動(dòng)了。 8．Sh

4、e wasn't feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early. 她感覺(jué)不舒服，要不然她不會(huì)那么早離開(kāi)會(huì)議的。 9．How can I climb up that wall! I wish I were a bird. 我怎么能爬上那么高的墻呀！我真希望我是一只小鳥(niǎo)呀。 10．He spoke English as if he had studied it in England before. 他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得就像他以前在英國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)一樣。 課堂合作探究 [語(yǔ)法·講座] 一、語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類(lèi)

5、 1．語(yǔ)氣(mood) 語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。 2．語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi) (1)陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。例如： Every question has two sides.每個(gè)問(wèn)題都有兩個(gè)方面。(陳述句，表示確定的事情。) (2)祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。例如： Never be late again！再也不要遲到了！(祈使句) (3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。例如： If I were a bird, I could

6、fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能在空中飛行。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣) 二、虛擬條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天見(jiàn)到了你，他就會(huì)還給你書(shū)了。 If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.

7、 萬(wàn)一明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。(事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大) 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法 1．省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：若條件句把if省略，則需要把were, had, should放在主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination. ＝If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination. 如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。 2．含蓄條件句：有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條

8、件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞或上下文暗示(常用without, but for, otherwise, or等表達(dá))等，此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。例如： But for your help (＝If it had not been for your help), it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的幫助，那將會(huì)導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。 A true friend would not do such a thing. ＝If he were a true friend, he would not do such a thing. 一個(gè)真正的

9、朋友是不會(huì)做這樣的事的。 3．有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。例如： If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)感到很累的。(從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在) If I were you, I would have gone home. 如果我是你的話，我早回家了。(從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指過(guò)去) 四、wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過(guò)

10、去相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形。例如： I wish she were here and helped us. 我希望她在這兒幫助我們。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬) I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 我希望你明天跟我們一塊去。(對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)的虛擬) I wish she had taken my advice. 那時(shí)她要是聽(tīng)我的話就好了。(對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬) 五、表語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去

11、，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果指將來(lái)狀況．則用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 She speaks English as if/though she were a native of London. 她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好像她就是倫敦本地人一樣。 [課堂·總結(jié)演練] Ⅰ　單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．If you ________ (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 答案：had listened 2．If I ________ (be) you, I would have planted some tree

12、s around the house. 答案：were 3．Sometimes I wish I ________ (live) in a different time. 答案：lived 4．I wish I ________ (meet) that film star yesterday. 答案：had met 5．She looks as if she ________ (make) of ice. 答案：were made Ⅱ　單句寫(xiě)作 1．假如她有錢(qián)，她可能會(huì)借給你。 If she ________ money, she ____________ you some

13、. 答案：had; might lend 2．要是有一天我上了月球，就能親眼看看月亮表面是什么樣子了。 If I ____________ to the moon some day, I ____________ the surface of the moon with my own eyes. 答案：were to go; could see 3．要不是幾次中斷，會(huì)議半個(gè)小時(shí)前就開(kāi)完了。 ____________ these interruptions, the meeting ______________ half an hour ago. 答案：But for; would

14、 have finished 4．如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就會(huì)推遲。 ________ it rain tomorrow, the sports meet ________________. 答案：Should; would be put off 5．他談起來(lái)好像已經(jīng)知道此事。 He talked ______________ it. 答案：as if/though he had known 演練通關(guān)提升 [夯實(shí)·基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)] Ⅰ　單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the

15、investigation, or they ________ (come) to our help. 答案：would have come 2．—Did you make it at last? —Yes.But for your help, it ________ (cause) a serious loss. 答案：would have caused 3．—Let's play tennis together tomorrow afternoon. —OK, but how I wish I ________ (play) it as well as you. 答案：pl

16、ayed 4．Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night________ (freeze) cold for us to live. 答案：would/could/should/might be freezing 5．________ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 答案：Should 6．—Where have you been? —I got caught

17、in traffic; otherwise I ________ (be) here sooner. 答案：would/could/should/might have been 7．You ________ (not make) such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. 答案：mightn't/couldn't/shouldn't/wouldn't have made 8．What should we do if it ________ (snow) tomorrow? 答案：should snow/were to

18、snow/snowed 9．Should the present unemployment continue, the society ________ (face) a more troublesome situation. 答案：would/could/might/should face 10．If they had worked hard, they ________ (be) very tired now. 答案：would/could/might/should be Ⅱ　單句改錯(cuò) 1．The soup isn't very good. It will taste bett

19、er if it weren't so salty. __________________________________________________________ 答案：will→would 2．If he read the book, he could have answered the question. __________________________________________________________ 答案：read前加had 3．If he were set out tomorrow, he would get there on Sunday.

20、__________________________________________________________ 答案：were后加to 4．Without your help, the child wouldn't put up the picture on the wall just now. __________________________________________________________ 答案：wouldn't后加have 5．If I had had time, I would have gone to the party with you, but

21、I am very busy. __________________________________________________________ 答案：am→was Ⅲ　單句寫(xiě)作 1．但愿有一天我能飛往月球。 I wish I ____________ to the moon one day. 答案：could fly 2．要不是生病，他會(huì)來(lái)的。 ________________， he might have come. 答案：Had he not been ill 3．沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績(jī)。 ________________， we ______

22、______________ so much. 答案：Without your help; wouldn't have achieved 4．如果不抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)后悔的。 Seize the chance, ________ you ________ regret it. 答案：otherwise; would 5．他說(shuō)起話來(lái)好像去過(guò)好多國(guó)家似的。 He talks as if he ____________ to many countries. 答案：had been [提升·實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力] Ⅳ　閱讀理解 Human cloning technology could be

23、 used to reserve heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden. With clo

24、ning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully havin

25、g children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before. We should be able to clone the bone marrow (骨髓) for children and adults suffering from leukemia (白血病)．This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology

26、. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer. Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unpr

27、ecedented (前所未有的) advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了人類(lèi)克隆技術(shù)在心臟病、不孕不育、白血病以及遺傳疾病等方面進(jìn)行預(yù)防和治療的美好前景。 1．Heart attacks can be treated with human cloning technology by ________. A．removing the damaged part of the heart B．replacing

28、the old heart with a cloned one C．giving the patients injections of various medicines D．repairing the heart with cloned heart cells from healthy ones 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the

29、 areas of the heart that have been damaged ...”可知，答案為D項(xiàng)。 2．What does the underlined word “infertile” (Paragraph 2) most probably mean? A．Unable to give birth to a child. B．With physical and emotional problems. C．Short of time and money. D．Separated from each other for long. 答案：A　詞義猜測(cè)題。通過(guò)第二段

30、中的“With cloning, infertile couples could have children.”以及“Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children.”可知infertile是不孕不育之意。 3．According to the text, one of the first expected benefits from cloning technology may be in ________. A．the treatment of heart attacks B．t

31、he bearing of babies C．the cure of leukemia D．the detection of gene-related diseases 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一和第二兩句可知C項(xiàng)正確。 4．What can be inferred according to the last paragraph? A．Many people show their fears of cloning. B．Cloning technology can not be used to cure gene-related diseases. C．Human b

32、eings can't benefit from cloning at all. D．Cloning technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine. 答案：A　推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句話可知人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還是心存恐懼的。故A正確。 Ⅴ　七選五 Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (溫度計(jì)) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.

33、__1__ We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don't feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer. Not all the thermometers use t

34、he same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale. Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. __2__ The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水銀) inside a clear glass

35、tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收縮). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. __3__ First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the

36、 cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole.__4__ Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.__5__ As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and

37、the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week. A．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives. B．Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that

38、 change in the same way when they are heated or cooled. C．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work. D．The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher. E．They label these in different ways.

39、 On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees. F．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them toget

40、her. G．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了溫度計(jì)在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械膽?yīng)用及如何自制簡(jiǎn)易溫度計(jì)。 1．A　由上下文可知，此處陳述我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泻芏嗥渌闆r下也需要用溫度計(jì)來(lái)測(cè)量溫度，故A正確。 2．E　從上文可知，溫度計(jì)分華氏溫標(biāo)和攝氏溫標(biāo)兩種方式計(jì)量溫度，選項(xiàng)E進(jìn)一步介紹了這兩種溫度計(jì)量方式冰點(diǎn)和沸點(diǎn)的不同，故正確答案是E。 3．C　本段前一部分介紹了溫度計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)和工作原理，下文“First ... Fi

41、nally ...”詳細(xì)描述了制造一個(gè)能夠起到計(jì)量溫度作用的溫度計(jì)的步驟，所以C符合文意。 4．F　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句的內(nèi)容可推斷此處應(yīng)說(shuō)明如何把吸管粘到瓶蓋上，故F符合語(yǔ)境。 5．D　由設(shè)空處上一句尤其是下一句內(nèi)容可判斷此處說(shuō)明水位在吸管中上升的情況，故選D。 Ⅵ　語(yǔ)法填空 Nowadays, it is common that parents buy an __1__ (education) present for their children. A lot of personal computers are placed under the Christmas tree this

42、year. __2__ (believe) that computers are the key to success, parents are also insisting that children __3__ (teach) to use them in school as early as possible. The problem for school is __4__ when it comes to computers, parents don't always know best. Teachers found themselves caught in the middle

43、 of the problem between parent __5__ (press) and wise educational decisions. Many schools are giving in to parental impatience and __6__ (purchase) hardware without good educational planning. Educators do not even agree on how computers should be used. Even those __7__ believe that all children sho

44、uld have access to computers warn of potential dangers to the very young. The temptation (誘惑) remains strong __8__ (large) because young children adapt so well to computers. However, not every school can afford __9__ (go) into computing, and that creates another problem: a division between the have

45、s and the have-nots. Very few parents are agitating for (倡導(dǎo)) computer instruction in poor school districts, __10__ there may be barely enough money to pay the teacher. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.educational　2.Believing　3.(should) be taught 4．that　5.pressure　6.are purchasing　7.who　8.largely　9.to go　 10.where - 11 -