[其它語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)]翻譯.ppt

英漢翻譯 E-C translation 高 雷 On Teaching Translation -from the theories of Peter Newmark nSyllabus of this course nOur comment of the syllabus nReference books IV. The success of translation course must depend: 1) 65% on the personality of the teacher; 2) 20% on the course design; 3) 15% on the course materials. V. The characteristics of translation: 1) A translation is never finished, it is always slightly but significantly depend on the interpretant or different interpretants, or the same one at another point of time and mood. 2) SL and TL cultural backgrounds are essential subjects in a university translation course. 3) Principles and methods of translation is the core of any full-time vocational translation program. 4) A poor translator will translate the words as though they were isolated, will swallow any idiom or metaphor whole, or will write the kind of nonsense that makes sense but that cant be visualised in any setting. VI. The relationship between student and teacher: 1) It has to be interactive, not passive; 2) If the students dont ask questions, the class is a failure; 3) There is no such thing as a silly question, but there are only teachers silly answers; 4) The best teaching is hesitant. Lecture One The Four High Tides in the Translation History of China n1、The Buddhist translations during the Han and Tang dynasties. Dao An(道安); 鳩摩羅什;Xuan Zang (玄奘) n2、The translations of the western religious scriptures and modern science during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Matteo Ricci(利瑪竇)、Xu Guangqi (徐光啟)、Lin Shu (林紓)、Yan Fu（嚴(yán)復(fù)） 嚴(yán)復(fù)及其故居 n3、The translations of the western human sciences during the May 4th Movement. Hu Shi（胡適）、 Qu Qiubai（瞿秋白） Lu Xun and his brother （魯迅兄弟）； Zhao Jingshen （趙景深） n4、The all-round translations of the western culture after liberation, especially since the adoption of the reform-and-open policy. Fu Lei（傅雷）; Qian Zhongshu(錢鍾書)； Jiang Feng（江楓）; Xu YuanChong（許淵沖 ） 印度那爛陀大學(xué) (被建為玄奘取經(jīng)圣地) 翻譯家許淵沖 其他中外翻譯名家 David Hawkes 楊憲益 傅雷 錢鐘書 錢鐘書故里 錢鐘書 季羨林石林 毛榮貴 呂俊 王宏印 孫迎春 Lecture Two Classic Cases of Translation I. translations with the reproduction of form and spirit (形神兼 備) E.g. 1: 七八個(gè)星天外， 兩三點(diǎn)雨山前。（辛棄疾） Beyond the clouds seven or eight stars twinkle, Before the hills two or three raindrops sparkle. (許淵沖 譯） E.g. 2： 人曾為僧；人弗能成佛， 女卑為婢；女又可成奴。 A Buddhist cannot bud into a Buddha, A maiden may be made a home maid. （許淵沖 譯） E.g. 3： star If you are A love compassionate, You will walk with us this year. Huddld At your feet 星啊， 如果你那 愛中滿含憐憫， 來年就和我們同行。 我們面對(duì)冰河距離，如今 擁擠 在你腳底 (黃杲忻 譯） II. Translations with the spirit kept but form abandoned(得意忘形) E.g.1： Why the river is rich, because it has two banks. 為什么河流是富有的，因 為它總向前（錢）流。 E.g.2： 臺(tái)城 江雨霏霏江草齊， 六朝如夢(mèng)鳥空啼。 無情最是臺(tái)城柳， 依舊煙籠十里堤。 （唐韋莊） The Heartless Willows Rain on the river, lashing the waters, drenching the weedy banks. Where, now, the pomp and profusion of the Six Dynasties? A dream; a memory still alive, perhaps, in the birds that start crying every springto what avail? Most heartless are the willows. Draped in gauze, they dance, gay as ever, on the dikes around the former palace grounds. （翁顯良 譯） III. Translations with the form preserved but meaning distorted (得形忘義) E.g.: 抽刀斷水水更流， 舉杯消愁愁更愁。（李白） Drawing sword, cut into water, water again flows; Raising up, quench sorrow, sorrow again sorrow.（Ezra Pound) IV. Translators impotence and readers sigh ( 譯者的無奈、讀者的遺憾) E.g.1： 石室詩(shī)士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅。氏時(shí)適市 視獅。十時(shí)，適十獅適市。氏視十獅，恃矢 勢(shì)，使十獅逝死。氏拾是十獅尸，適石室， 石室濕，氏使拭石室，石室拭，氏始試食是 十獅尸。食時(shí)，實(shí)識(shí)是獅尸，實(shí)十石獅尸， 試釋是事。 E.g.2： Able was I ere I saw Elba. Lecture Three History of Translation Studies Translation Studies Translatology Philological phasePhilological phase Linguistic phase Cultural phase interdisciplinary phase Lecture Four Nine Differences between English and Chinese n1、English is hypotactic; Chinese is paratactic. E.g. An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. n一個(gè)英國(guó)人，不會(huì) 說中國(guó)話，有一次 在中國(guó)旅行。 n2、English is a kind of head-focus language；Chinese end-focus. E.g. Tragedies can be written in Literature since there is tragedy in life. n生活中既然有悲劇 ，文學(xué)作品就可以 寫悲劇。 n3、English is static ； Chinese dynamic. 英語(yǔ)靜態(tài)特征在于句 法和詞匯兩個(gè)方面， 前者常使用非謂語(yǔ)或 非限定動(dòng)詞以及省略 動(dòng)詞；后者常使用動(dòng) 詞名詞化、動(dòng)詞的同 源名詞、動(dòng)詞的同源 形容詞、介詞以及副 詞等。而漢語(yǔ)則青睞 動(dòng)詞。 nI fell madly in love with her, and she with me. 我瘋狂地愛上了她， 她也瘋狂地愛上了我 。 n4、English uses impersonal subjects ； Chinese personal subjects. E.g. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Tom in. n湯姆進(jìn)門時(shí)，帶來 一縷雪茄煙霧。 n5、English likes the passive voice；Chinese the active voice. E.g. It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver. n長(zhǎng)期以來，大家知 道心臟和肝臟的關(guān) 系是最主要的。 n6、English favors long compound sentences； Chinese short sentences. E.g. Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room. n這種病使她特別 敏感不安，她越 發(fā)急切于抓住人 生不放，似乎是 要把人生的甜蜜 幸福擠到最后的 一滴而后已。這 病使她多么羨慕 人家的健康， 見 一葉飄零，隨風(fēng) 入室，便多愁善 感。 n7、English favors the end modification ；Chinese the head. E.g. It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. n借助于想象與持不 同偏見的人進(jìn)行辯 論，是一個(gè)很好的 辦法。 8、Therere tense and aspect in English ；no in Chinese. E.g.: Im now living in a very pleasant flat. My wife is always changing her clothes. 我現(xiàn)在住在一間非 常舒適的公寓里； 我夫人總是在更換 服裝。 n9、English favors word formation；Chinese has no such function. E.g.: More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood, not joblessness, was the key problem. n最近，由于堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 是未婚母親而不是失 業(yè)才是問題癥結(jié)所在 ，他使自己卷入關(guān)于 福利改革的爭(zhēng)論中去 。 作業(yè) 1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 2. As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship. 3. Put into an old Chinese proverb, it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything until one has experienced it. 4. A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them. 5. As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often to the accompaniment of music to reveal the title of the cinema. n參考答案： 天氣很好，我們爬山去了。 水能載舟，也能覆舟。 用中國(guó)的一句老話來說：事非經(jīng)過不知難。 在美國(guó)有一種根深蒂固的觀點(diǎn)，說是只有那些 撫養(yǎng)得起子女的人才應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)其生育。 在電影院變成一片漆黑的一剎那間，聚光燈照 在徐徐打開的帷幕上，常常在音樂的伴奏下， 顯露出影片的片名。 2. Translation may be defined as follows: The replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 3. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (Tytler 1791) 第五講 十四種處理從屬部分的句型 n1、現(xiàn)在分詞處理 She joined the party, wearing a white dress. n她穿著白裙子參加 了晚會(huì)。 n2、過去分詞處理 Defeated, the Japanese invaders surrendered. n因?yàn)閼?zhàn)敗，日本侵 略者投降了。 n3、形容詞處理 Any country, large or small, must be equal. n國(guó)家無論大小，一 律平等。 n4、名詞處理 A famous singer, she is very popular in China. n她是中國(guó)非常著名 的歌唱家。 n5、動(dòng)詞處理 Sink or swim, Ill have a try. n不管成功與否，我 要試一試。 6、不定式處理 To make our country stronger, everyone should make their contribution. n為了祖國(guó)更加強(qiáng)大， 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)作出自己 的貢獻(xiàn)。 七種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) n1）、名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu) Time permitting, well go visiting. n2）、名詞或代詞+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu) His work done, he went home. n3）、名詞或代詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu) she reached out her hands, palms up. n4）、名詞或代詞+形容詞結(jié)構(gòu) she entered the room, face red with cold. n5）、名詞或代詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) His first novel a success, he wrote another. n6）、名詞或代詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu) The teacher came into the room, books in hand. n7）、名詞或代詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) We have many visitors, some to see us off, some to fetch things, some to do both. 14、With以上七種獨(dú)立主格，來處理從屬 部分。 n翻譯的一般步驟: n1、理清句子主干 n2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換隨便 n3、表達(dá)符合習(xí)慣 n4、再現(xiàn)原文重點(diǎn) 第六講 常用翻譯技術(shù) 1.Amplification(增詞) nAmplification means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of an accurate comprehension of the original. n請(qǐng)看譯例: n1)、沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。 n2）、只有淺薄的人才會(huì)以貌取人。 n3）、外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。 n4）、三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。 n5）、小不忍則亂大謀。 n6）、送君千里，終有一別。 譯文： n1. He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. n2. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. n3. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. n4. Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. n5. If one is not patient in small things, one will never be able to control great ventures. n6. Although you may escort a quest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 7）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 8）Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 7）從別人的失敗中汲取 教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗 中汲取教訓(xùn)更好。 8）他每天來干活掃 地、擦地板、收拾房 間。 2. Omission （省略） nIt doesnt mean that we ought to keep ourselves away from omitting any words in order to convey the meaning of the original correctly, accurately and concisely. n例句： n1). That is the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. n2）If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 1）但我就是這個(gè)脾氣 ，雖然幾經(jīng)努力， 卻未能改變過來。 2）早知如此，我就不 參加了。 n3）The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. n4）For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room, its electric wiring, its path and its garden. 3）他越是要掩蓋他的爛瘡 疤，就越是會(huì)暴露。 4）兩個(gè)星期以來，他一直 注意房子的情況，查看各 個(gè)房間、留心電路的走向 以及通道和花園的布局。 n5）Universities applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not n報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 優(yōu)先錄取。 3. Conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換） nConversion is one of the most important translation techniques required essentially by the differences in syntactic structure of the two languageChinese and English. n請(qǐng)看例句： 1)One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 2) Steven was eloquent and elegantbut soft. 3) Though we cannot see it, there is air all around us. 1)發(fā)言人一個(gè)接一個(gè)表示要打倒 帝國(guó)主義，要消滅剝削人的制 度，要解放世界上的被壓迫人 民。 2)史蒂夫有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很 柔弱。 3)雖然空氣看不見，但 我們周圍處處是空氣 。 4. Negation (正反表達(dá)) nIn many a case an affirmative statement in English is usually translated into a negative one in Chinese, and a negative statement in Chinese into an affirmative one in English. n請(qǐng)看例句: His words and action ill consort together. His work is still a long way off perfection. I have the preference for learning to wealth. There is a crying necessity for setting off. 他的言行很不一致。 他的工作遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完美。 我寧愿有好學(xué)問，而不要 錢財(cái)。 立即出發(fā)，刻不容緩。 5）He did nothing beyond writing a letter. 6) This essay is below mark. 7) They agree without hesitation. 5) 他除了寫一封信外未 做任何事。 6）這篇文章不合格。 7）他們毫不猶豫地同意 了。 5. Inversion (詞序調(diào)整） nInversion means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. 1) 我你他 2）衣食住 3）東南西北 4）男女老少 5）分清敵我 6）鋼鐵工業(yè) 7）回憶馬克思 8）救死扶傷 1）you, he and I 2) food, clothing and housing 3) north, south, east and west 4) men, women, young and old 5) Draw a clear distinction between ourselves and the enemy 6) The iron and steel industry 7) Reminiscences of Marx 8) Heal the wounded, rescue the dying. 9) 我們從來沒有看見過 這樣光明的前途。 10）知足者常樂。 11）拿破侖曾在這兒站 過。 9）Never have we seen so bright a future before us! 10) Happy is the man who is contented. 11) Here stood Napoleon. 6. Division (長(zhǎng)句拆譯） nDivision means the necessary splitting of a long sentence into shorter ones. n請(qǐng)看例句： n1、在主謂連接處 切斷分譯 n His failure to observe the traffic regulations| resulted in a serious accident. 1）由于他不遵守交 通規(guī)則，| 結(jié)果導(dǎo) 致了一起嚴(yán)重的交 通事故 n2、在連接詞前面 切斷分譯 n The shark swung over| and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. (The Old Man and the Sea) n鯊魚在海里翻滾過 來。 | 老頭兒看見它的 眼珠已經(jīng)沒有生氣 了，但是它又翻滾 了一下，滾得它自 己又被繩子纏了兩 道。老人與海 n3、在副詞前面切 斷分譯 n But another conflict on the borders| clearly would put strains on neighborly relations between the two countries. n3） 但是，如果在 邊界再次發(fā)生沖突 ，| 顯然會(huì)使這兩 個(gè)國(guó)家的和睦關(guān)系 處于緊張狀態(tài)。 n4、在副詞短語(yǔ)前切斷 分譯 nThere is a physical and mental and spiritual enjoyment that comes from a consciousness of being the absolute master of ones work, | in all its details, that is very satisfactory and inspiring. n如果對(duì)工作能完 全自覺掌握，那 么在生理與精神 上就能感到愉悅 。| 說得更具體 些，就是能夠感 到滿足，感到鼓 舞。 n5、在關(guān)系代詞前 切斷分譯 n This secretary was aware| that final decisions must be held open for the general manager. n 5）這位秘書心 中明白，| 最 終的拍板還得靠 總經(jīng)理。 n、在關(guān)系副詞前 切斷分譯 nIt was the moment I ceased being a child,| when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. n6）在那一刻， 我不再是個(gè)小孩 子了。 | 那時(shí) ，我開始像成年 人那樣能夠感知 生命的痛苦與悲 劇了。 n7、在動(dòng)詞前面 切斷分譯 n Then they went to the southern part of the island, but found it rocky and covered with bushes, | growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through. n7）于是他們來 到這個(gè)島的南部 ，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那里巖 石遍布，灌木叢 生。| 樹木長(zhǎng)得 相當(dāng)濃密，要想 穿過去實(shí)在是不 易。 n8、在前置狀語(yǔ)后切斷 分譯 n After singing a concert in this city, | he said he wanted to greet his admirers backstage as he always does. n8）他在那個(gè)城市舉辦 了一個(gè)演唱會(huì)。| 演 唱會(huì)結(jié)束以后，他提 出要像往常那樣到后 臺(tái)見見他的崇拜者。 n9、按意群切斷分譯 n Breakfast, lunch, dinner occur at regular hours and are of definitely limited duration: | a million people perform these functions within a very narrow band of time, and only minor provisions are made for those who would have food outside this regular schedule. n9）三餐是定時(shí) 的，間隔時(shí)間也 是一定的。| 許 多人固定在一段 短時(shí)間內(nèi)用餐， 而在正餐時(shí)間之 外想吃東西的人 ，可供選擇的食 物就很少。 第七講 翻譯的美學(xué)追求 一、修辭美 1）Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side, and then on the other, and remain wide awake all the time. 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文是調(diào)侃律師的雙關(guān)語(yǔ) ，lie一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，既有“躺” 意，又有“撒謊”之意，兼 容并蓄，冷嘲熱諷。得其 語(yǔ)趣，筆者以“倒”譯之， 一來再現(xiàn)其兩面三刀，二 來兼有“躺”意。雙關(guān)修辭 的美感得以再現(xiàn)，在一定 程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了“形神兼?zhèn)洹?。 譯文: 律師們?yōu)楹嗡?眠不好？因?yàn)樗?們一會(huì)兒這邊倒 ，一會(huì)兒那邊倒 ，所以總是睡不 著。 2）來客也不少，有送行的，有拿東西的 ，有送行兼拿東西的。 （魯迅故鄉(xiāng)） 譯文: We also had quite a number of visitors, some to see us off, some to fetch things, and some to do both. 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文是一個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)，將 意義相近、語(yǔ)氣類似的內(nèi) 容用相同形式展現(xiàn)了出來 ，一氣呵成，行文流水。 看譯文，譯者用獨(dú)立主格 加以再現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)整齊，節(jié) 奏鮮明，表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練，語(yǔ)義 突出，既發(fā)揚(yáng)了英語(yǔ)的靜 態(tài)之美，又有效地增強(qiáng)了 語(yǔ)勢(shì)，表達(dá)了強(qiáng)烈的感情 ，美感飄逸，超過原文。 二、意象美 1） 為女民兵題照 颯爽英姿五尺槍，曙光初照演兵場(chǎng)。 中華兒女多奇志，不愛紅裝愛武裝。 （毛澤東） 譯文: Militia Women -Inscription on a Photo So bright and brave, with rifles five feet long, At early dawn they shine on a drilling place. Most Chinese daughters have desire so strong, To face the powder and not to powder the face. （許淵沖 譯） 簡(jiǎn)析: 原詩(shī)中“不愛紅裝愛武裝 ”，在許先生的譯筆下， 形象變得鮮明起來，抓住 了原詩(shī)意象背后的含義， 發(fā)揮英語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，創(chuàng)造性 使用了 “powder”和“face” 兩詞，再造意象，意境因 之更美。 2）When I was as young as you are now, towering in confidence of twenty- one, little did I suspect that I should be at forty-nine, what I now am. 譯文: 我在你這個(gè)年紀(jì)，二 十出頭，小荷尖尖， 意氣風(fēng)發(fā)，哪里會(huì)想 到49歲今天的我呢？ （毛榮貴 譯） 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文“towering in confidence ”表示充滿 自信，初露頭角。毛 先生借楊萬(wàn)里詩(shī)“小荷 才露尖尖角，早有蜻 蜓立上頭”，取其意境 ，轉(zhuǎn)換意象，由朦朧 到清晰，形象鮮明生 動(dòng)，浮現(xiàn)眼前。 三、語(yǔ)體美 1） A thousand moustaches can live together, but not four breasts. 譯文: 千條漢子能相處， 兩個(gè)婆娘不相容。 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文運(yùn)用了提喻（ synecdoche）的修辭手法 ，用“moustaches”和 “breasts”來指代男人和女 人。語(yǔ)體非正式，近乎俚 語(yǔ)。在翻譯中，譯者也用 相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)體再現(xiàn)，切近原 文的風(fēng)格，且對(duì)仗工整， 也具有了別樣的美。 四、形式美 1）七八個(gè)星天外，兩三點(diǎn)雨山前。 （辛棄疾） 譯文: Beyond the clouds seven or eight stars twinkle, Before the hills two or three raindrops sparkle. (許淵沖 譯 ） 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文對(duì)仗工整，意境 豐富，音美、形美、 意美。許先生的譯文 ，充分發(fā)揮譯語(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì) ，運(yùn)用對(duì)仗的手法， 達(dá)到了異曲同工之效 。 2) O, Captain! My Captain! O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done, The ship has weatherd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring, But O heart ! heart ! heart ! O the bleeding drops of red ! Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. ( Walt Whitman ) 譯文: 哦， 船長(zhǎng)！ 我的 船長(zhǎng)！ 哦，船長(zhǎng)！我的船長(zhǎng)！我們險(xiǎn)惡的航程，已告結(jié)束， 我們的船安渡驚濤駭浪，我們尋求的獎(jiǎng)賞已贏得手中， 港灣已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn)，鐘聲我已聽見，萬(wàn)千人眾在歡呼吶喊， 目迎著我們的船從容返航，我們的船威武，而且勇敢 ， 可是，心??！心啊！心??！ 哦，殷紅的血滴在流瀉！ 在甲板上，那里躺著我的船長(zhǎng)， 他已倒下，已死去，已冷卻。 (江楓 譯 ) 簡(jiǎn)析: 惠特曼的詩(shī)多數(shù)為無韻，但這一首在音韻 格律上與其內(nèi)容達(dá)到了高度的統(tǒng)一。翻譯 時(shí)，江楓先生不僅準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)了原作的語(yǔ)言 結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手段，而且，很好地再現(xiàn)了原 作的音韻，由形入手，最后達(dá)到形神兼?zhèn)?，再現(xiàn)了惠特曼原作的雄健、優(yōu)美、悲壯 。 五、含蓄美 1） He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in his health and prophesied the speedy ruin of the empire. (J. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair) 譯文： 災(zāi)難過后，他精神蔫 了，口袋扁了，身體 垮了，還預(yù)言大英帝 國(guó)很快就會(huì)垮臺(tái)。 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文用委婉語(yǔ)out of pocket來代替poor, bankrupt等直露而羞于 啟齒的詞，而且與out of spirits兩相照應(yīng)，對(duì) 比成趣。筆者為了再 現(xiàn)其含蓄美，通過聯(lián) 想，用“口袋扁了”來 譯之，原文之妙在很 大程度上得以再現(xiàn)。 2) Wherefore it is better to be a guest of the law, which, though conducted by rules, does not meddle unduly with a gentlemans private affairs. (O. Henry The Cop and the Anthem) 譯文： 因此，還是去做法律的顧 客比較好，法律雖然按章 辦事，但不會(huì)干涉爺們的 私事。 簡(jiǎn)析: 原文用委婉語(yǔ)to be a guest of the law來代表觸犯法律 ，這種說法符合這位流浪 漢的性格，他窮途末路， 但為了自己的尊嚴(yán)，寧愿 違法坐牢，也不愿去領(lǐng)救 濟(jì)金。在翻譯，為了保存 這份含蓄之美，完全可以 直譯。 六、形象美 (image value) 1）The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt 譯文 1、考古學(xué)家們的工作讓 我們了解整個(gè)古埃及 的情況。 2、考古學(xué)家手中的魔鏟 為我們重現(xiàn)了古埃及 失落的世界。 簡(jiǎn)析： 比喻是語(yǔ)言的重要特 性，比喻通過形象來 完成，因而，在翻譯 中形象能保留則保留 。 七、創(chuàng)造美（creativity value） 1）If my mother had known of it, shed have died a second time. 譯文 1、如果我母親知道這 事，她一定會(huì)氣得死 第二次的。 2、假如我的母親知道 這件事情，她一定會(huì) 氣得從棺材里面跳出 來。 簡(jiǎn)析： 跳出原文的文字，再 現(xiàn)原文的重點(diǎn)，以達(dá) 到功能基本對(duì)等。 2）八月蝴蝶黃，雙飛西園草。 感此傷妾心，坐愁紅顏老。 譯文: The yellow butterflies in Autumn pass, Two by two oer our western garden grass. This sight break my heart, and Im afraid, Sitting alone, my rosy cheeks would fade. 作業(yè) n翻譯下列材料，注意劃線部分 1. The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. 2. I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy super-slow reading. 參考譯文1：世上的莫逆之交可能反目成仇。 傾心呵護(hù)撫養(yǎng)成人的兒女到頭來可能不念養(yǎng) 育之恩。我們的至愛親朋，我們以幸福與名 聲相托的人，也許會(huì)背叛其當(dāng)初的誓言。 參考譯文2：我?guī)е鴿M滿一皮包傷透腦筋的問 題回到家里。黃昏時(shí)分，既悶熱，又潮濕， 我坐下來，滿腦子翻騰起伏的問題，似乎找 不到解決的辦法。我只好拿起一本書，坐在 舒適的椅子里，施展自己的特殊療養(yǎng)法了 那便是超慢速閱讀。 第八講 模糊語(yǔ)言與翻譯 Fuzzy Language and Translation 余光中曾說：大翻譯家都是高明的“文字的媒 婆”，他得具有一種能力，將兩種并非一見鐘 情甚至是冤家的文字，配成情投意合的一對(duì) 佳偶。從這個(gè)意義上來說，翻譯如婚配，是 一種兩相妥協(xié)的藝術(shù)，概而言之，譯者所面 對(duì)的兩種文字表達(dá)，或是“一見鐘情”，或是“ 冤家對(duì)頭”。 做一名出色的“（文字）媒婆”， 英漢之互譯，面對(duì)精確美感與模糊美感，無 非有四種基本的翻譯手法：以精確譯精確、 以精確譯模糊、以模糊譯精確和以模糊譯模 糊。 n一、以精確譯精確 n1） I like looking at children on the verge of some new event and knowing how they feel, I like looking at pregnant women and being able to share their mixed feeling. I like being familiar with things that once made me apprehensive. I like not being afraid to display my ignorance and ask for help. I like the confidence middle age brings. n初譯：我喜歡看著孩子們遇到新聞奇事時(shí) 的反應(yīng)，了解他們的心境，我分享孕婦們 錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情感。我沾沾自喜于熟悉了往 昔使我憂心忡忡的事情。我樂于暴露自己 的無知，不怕向人求教。我喜歡隨著中年 而來的自信心。 n改譯：我喜歡孩子們面對(duì)新事物而能揣摩 其感覺；我喜歡注目孕婦而能體味其復(fù)雜 心境；我喜歡親近曾令我疑懼的事物；我 喜歡坦陳無知并求教他人；我喜歡人到中 年，從容自信。 n2）Its not her body. Its just betel nut, the mildly narcotic seed from the fruit of the betel pepper which truck drivers and laborers use to help them stay awake. n原譯：她們并不賣身，而是在賣檳榔果， 這是檳榔樹果實(shí)中略含麻醉作用的種子， 卡車駕駛員和體力勞動(dòng)者常用它們來幫助 他們保持頭腦清醒而不感到困倦。 n改譯：她們并不賣身，而是在賣檳榔果， 這是檳榔樹果實(shí)中略含麻醉作用的種子， 卡車駕駛員和體力勞動(dòng)者常用它們來提神 。 n二、以精確譯模糊 n漢語(yǔ)在“模糊中傳遞語(yǔ)義，朦朧中孕育意 境”，而英語(yǔ)則反其道而行之，邏輯與分 析攜手，語(yǔ)義清朗，表述精確。 n1）There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness. n譯文：他們的生活遠(yuǎn)不止那些政治的、社 會(huì)的和經(jīng)濟(jì)的問題，遠(yuǎn)不止一時(shí)的柴米油 鹽的問題。 n2）二十歲的時(shí)候，老媽打電話，不等說 完三句就恨不能掛了電話。三十歲之后， 一聽到媽的聲音就禁不住哭出聲來：“媽 呀，您老的所有擔(dān)心現(xiàn)在都應(yīng)驗(yàn)了” n初譯）At the age of twenty, when mother phones me, I am anxious to hang up immediately. After the age of thirty, on hearing mothers voice on the phone, I cannot help crying out, “Mom, all that you worry about have come true.” n改譯）At the age of twenty, while talking with my mother over the phone, I would hang up before my mother had hardly any utterance. After thirty the voice of Mom invariably triggers my weep and wail, “Mom, your worries about my marriage have all come true.” n三、以模糊譯精確 n英語(yǔ)表達(dá)把數(shù)理關(guān)系譽(yù)為語(yǔ)言的形式美， 因而數(shù)字得到了較為頻繁的運(yùn)用，這些數(shù) 字并不表示明確的數(shù)量概念。漢譯時(shí)，往 往不宜直譯，只是用模糊語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來 。 n 1）She loved him too well not to detect from the deepened line between his eyes and a score of other minute signs that he had received an unexpected blow. n原譯：她太愛他了，不可能不從兩眼間那 道加深了的紋路和二十來種其他瑣細(xì)的形 跡上瞧出來，他受到了一個(gè)意外的打擊。 n改譯：她深愛著他，能輕易地從他眉宇間 那變深的紋路和許多別的瑣細(xì)形跡上瞧出 來，丈夫受到了一個(gè)意外的打擊。 n2）she too was a determined