初中完形填空解題技巧(公開課).ppt

Cloze Cloze 一、中考英語完形填空的命題特點一、中考英語完形填空的命題特點 中考英語完形填空旨在全面考查考生英語基礎知識 和綜合運用語言的能力，其中包括詞匯辨析能力、 閱讀理解能力、邏輯推理和判斷能力等。它不僅要 求考生具有扎實的基礎知識，而且還要求考生具有 獨立分析、對比取舍及靈活處理問題的能力。 完形填空的命題原則是“以實詞為主，虛詞為輔，突 出詞匯語境化”。實詞中偏重于對動詞和名詞的考查 ，同時也兼顧對形容詞、副詞以及其它詞類的考查 。試題以情境意義選擇為主，純語法性選擇近年已 趨近于零。 Guessing the words 廣東高考完形填空題究竟考什 么？怎么考？請看以下研究結果。 命題揭密 完型填空的特點： (1)首句不設空：因為首句是文章的窗口，不設空有 助于考生了解或推測全文的大意， (2)選項特點：同一小題的四個選項必須是同一詞類 ，且為同一語法形式。 (3)設空方式：命題者主要從以下三種層面上設題。 句子層面：在理解本句的基礎上重要信息點可能在 空格前，也可能在空格后。 句組層面：考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或 后一句之后才可選出正確答案。 語篇層面：必須理解前后幾句或上下段落，甚至整 個篇章，才可選出正確答案。 輕語法，重邏輯 Cloze How to get high scores？ 1. 正確的答題步驟 2. 必要的答題技巧 3. 適量的實踐訓練 Cloze 1. 注重首句，瀏覽全文,掌握大意。 a. 應用閱讀技能,進行缺詞閱讀. b. 注意首段和末端以及每個段落的首句. 2. 注重語境，瞻前顧后,試填答案。 a. 先填上固定搭配與習慣表達,基本句型等較容 易的空格. b. 對語境和語義還不太明朗的空格要反復推敲 ,力爭突破難點. 3. 通讀全文,檢查核對.確保最佳。 解題步驟與策略 Cloze hospital night no / little Warming-up:Warming-up:請根據前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致請根據前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致 1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the _ . 2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_. 3.He is rather busy, so he has _ time to have lunch at home. Cloze 4.We have an English test this term, its very easy, most students can _this test. 5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired _happy. pass but Warming-up:Warming-up:請根據前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致請根據前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致 Cloze Cloze Skill 1：context（上下文、語境） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _1_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 1. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax violin violin Cloze Skill 1：context（上下文、語境） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?” . as big as the pool, there is one basket of water 2. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. apples basket of water water baskets of Cloze When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _3_ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. 3. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later fifty Skill 2：logic（邏輯推理） forty-five Cloze Skill 2：logic（邏輯推理） My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans， so I said“My 4 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聾 的） 4. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head sound deaf Cloze When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speaking 5. A. for B. of C. with D. to pays attention to Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配） pay attention to 注意 Cloze Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配） Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 6 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. 6. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions made great to make contributions to對做出貢獻 Cloze Skill 4：words analysis（詞義辨析） 7. But by using literary texts (文學文本 ) alongside other texts, teachers can 7 students improve their reading skills. 7.A. want B. help C. get D. ask Cloze Skill 5：background knowledge （背景知識:包括生活及文化方面的） But we run so fast that, afterwards, we had trouble 8 . 8. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing run so fast Cloze Liumei is among the _9_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted ( 答應給）Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 9. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent 同義重現 Cloze Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar 原詞重現 反義同現 邏輯關系：轉折 Cloze 1、context（上下文、語境） 3、regular collocation（固定搭配） 2、logic（邏輯） Skills of Cloze TestsSkills of Cloze Tests ( (完形填空的解題技巧完形填空的解題技巧) ) 4、 words analysis（詞義辨析） 5、background knowledge（背景知識） Cloze 1. Martin Luther King was an important 1 of black people in American. He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights. In 1963, Dr King led a march in Washington D.C. A lot of Americans went there to take part in the 2 . They wanted the government to 3 the laws that were unfair to black people. Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force. When he was killed in 1968, the United States 4 a great leader. 1) A. runner B. singer C. leader D. teacher 2) A. crowd B. war C. group D. march 3) A. sign B sell C. pass D. change 4) A. lost B. found C. bought D. died leader march that were unfair to was killed Cloze 2. Every American knows the Mayflower. The Mayflower was the name of the famous _1_ that_2_ from England to the new world in 1620. There were 102 pilgrims（十六 世紀英國移民） on board. It was a dangerous trip for one small ship to make, and it _3_ more than 66 days . The pilgrims were very _4_ when they finally saw land. In this New World , there were no homes or towns. They had to build their own _5_. This became Known as Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1) A. flower B. ship C. film D. place 2) A. flew B. sailed C. planted D. grew 3) A. made B. took C. spent D. cost 4) A. painful B. fearful C. powerful D. thankful 5) A. ship B. house C. fields D. city Plymouth, Massachusetts ship when they finally saw land Cloze Have a try! Cloze Tess was eight years old when her parents talking about her little brother, Andrew. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money. Only a very costly 1 could save him now and no one wanted to 2 them the money. She heard Daddy say to her Mother 3 , “Only a miracle (奇跡) can save him now.” Tess got all the change she had and 4 her way to the drug store. 1. A. surgeon B. companion C. protection D. operation 2. 2. A. borrow B. lend C. make D. leave 3. A. happily B. proudly C. angrilyD. sadly 4. A. made B. took C. sailed D. passed make ones way to朝走去 Cloze 5. A. doubtful B. bad C. puzzling D. unlucky 6. A. buy B. purchase C. sell D. share 7. A. looked B. ran C. came D. rolled “What do you want?” the clerk asked. “A miracle. ” Tess answered. “My little brother has something 5 growing inside his head and my dad says only a miracle can save him now.” “We dont 6 miracles here, little girl.” The clerk said. The clerks brother was a well-dressed man. He 7 over and asked the little girl, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?” come over走近，走過來 look over仔細檢查 run over撞倒 ，跑過去 roll over翻滾；翻身 Cloze 8. A. replied B. allowed C. accepted D. expected 9. A. tired B. deaf C. nervous D. sick 10. A. wait B. beg C. pay D. apply 11. A. high B. low C. loud D. excited “I dont know,” Tess 8 with tears in her eyes. “I just know hes really 9 , but my dad cant 10 for a miracle, so I want to use my one dollar and eleven cents”. Tess answered in a 11 voice. Cloze 12. A. exact B. same C. proper D. reasonable 13. A. spending B. waste C. charge D. tip 14. A. achievement B. success C. medicine D. miracle 15. A. devotion B. faith C. trust D. patience “A dollar and eleven cents - the 12 price of a miracle for a little brother.” smiled the man. That well-dressed man was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon. The operation was completed without 13 and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again and doing well. That surgery is a real 14 . It costs one dollar and eleven cents, plus the 15 of a little child. Cloze Summary （總結 ） 2 _the answers according to the passage is a good way to do a cloze. Guessing 1 You should_the passage, then you may find the answer is just in the passage. read through 3:Chose the best answers. Cloze Steps of Cloze TestsSteps of Cloze Tests ( (完形填空的解題步驟完形填空的解題步驟) ) 1、跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意 3、復讀全文，逐個核對，驗證答案 2、瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破 2mins 10mins 2mins Cloze Tips to Close Test: 1注重首、尾句。 2克服畏難、急躁情緒,耐心通讀全文。 3切勿看到一個空格就急著選出一個答 案，必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。 4先易后難,注意從文中同樣結構或類似結 構中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測。 5如果選項從語法角度無法確定，則必須從 語篇(前提示、后暗示)意義上加以鑒別。