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1、,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，自然流暢,詞是構(gòu)成語言的根本單位。詞性是詞的一大特性，它直接決定詞在句中的功能。,由于語言和語言之間的差異詞匯用法不同、句子結(jié)構(gòu)不同、語言邏輯不同、表達方式不同等，我們在翻譯過程中很難找到漢英兩種語言詞性完全相通，詞義完全一樣詞匯進行翻譯。,于是，為了使譯文既不失原意又符合漢語/英語的要求，我們在翻譯過程中就不得不采用各種方法，其中之一是詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，自然流暢。,例1.,Mistakes are an essen
2、tial part of education.,從錯誤中吸取教訓是教育極為重要的一局部。,例2.,In her habits,she was a living personification of order,method,and exactness.,她的生活習慣表達了她的為人：做事井井有條，按部就班，一絲不茍。,例3.,Soon the train started to move and the passengers were settled to fruit,periodicals and business letters.,很快火車開動了，乘客們安靜下來，有的吃水果，有的看期刊，有的那
3、么看起商業(yè)書信來。,例,4,He owed his popularity to his,simplicity,.,他之所以人緣好，完全歸功于他為人坦率誠懇。,例,5,The,mighty,Pacific washes the shores of five continents.,太平洋,氣勢磅礴，滾滾波濤,拍打著五洲海岸。,例,6,The ocean,was filled with,turtles and fish,ready for the net.,海洋里,魚鱉成群，張網(wǎng)可得,。,例,7,住在樓上的人家,得提著,水桶,去,樓下的水龍頭那里,打水,。,Families upstairs,ha
4、ve to carry pails,to the taps downstairs for water.,一、各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的動詞,1名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞,A science must not be a selfish pleasure.Those who have the good fortune to be able to devote themselves to scientific pursuits must be first to place their knowledge at the service of humanity.,科學絕不是一種自私的享樂。有幸能夠致力于科學研究的人，首先
5、應該拿自己的,學識為人類效勞。,Scientist is a person who has deep love in truth,for honesty is the main merit of scientists.,科學家是熱愛真理的人。因為老實是科學家主要的美德。,There was no joke on his face.,他臉上一點也看不出開玩笑的意思。,2介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞,Everyone in the room was greatly surprised at what he said.,聽他一說，房間里的每個人都大吃一驚。,Party officials worked long
6、hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps.,黨的干部每天長時間工作，吃的是粗茶淡飯，住的是冰冷的窯洞，點的是黯淡的油燈。,The boys nudged each other aside,for a better view,.,男孩們你擠我，我擠你，都想占一個,能看得更清楚的位置,。,Along the way I took pleasure,in a bird,s song,a tree,s sway,and a cloud,s contortion.,一路上，,小鳥放聲歌唱，樹枝迎風擺動，乃至云朵舒展變化，,都使我心曠神怡。,3),形容
7、詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞,Cultivation to the mind is,as necessary as,food for the body.,學習對于頭腦如同食物對于身體，,不可缺少。,One thorn of experience is,worth,a whole wilderness of warning.,一次痛苦的經(jīng)驗,抵得上,千百次的告誡。,The two bodies are,so far apart,that the attractive force between them is,negligible,.,這兩個物體,相距甚遠,，它們之間的吸引力可以,忽略不計,。,The b
8、ook will be,out soon,.,那本書,很快就出版,了。,In this case the temperature in the furnace is,up,.,在這種情況下，爐溫就,升高,。,No Thoroughfare,禁止通行,No Admittance Except on Business,閑人免進,No Parking,禁止停車,No photographing,禁止攝影,No passing,禁止超車,Under Construction,正在施工,For persons over 18 Years of Age,未滿,18,歲禁止入內(nèi),No Money Down,
9、免付定金,No Hawkers 不準在此設攤兜售,Authorized Cars Only,未經(jīng)許可，車輛不可入內(nèi),A Drink on the House,本店免費提供飲料,Compliments of This Establishment,敝店竭誠效勞,Satisfaction or your money back,包您滿意，不滿退款,Full 3 Months Unconditional Service Guaranteed,保證免費維修三個月,Easy Job.Good Wages.No Experience Necessary.,工作容易，報酬優(yōu)厚，無需經(jīng)驗。,Big Bucks t
10、he Easy Way!,輕輕松松掙大錢！,Good to the last drop.,滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。麥斯威爾咖啡,Benjamin Franklin,an American statesman,writer and scientist,once established 13 principles for himself:,To help myself live without fault,I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues.These virtues are:,為了使自己生活不犯錯誤，特制訂出我認為可行的十三條守那么，這
11、些守那么是：,1),Temperance,2),Self-control,3),Silence,4),Order,5),firmness,6),Savings,7),Industry,8),Honesty,9),Justice,10),Cleanliness,11),Calmness,12),Morality,13),Humbleness,節(jié)制飲食,自我克制,沉默寡言,有條不紊,堅決信念,勤儉節(jié)約,工作勤奮,忠誠老實,辦事公正,衣履整潔,平心靜氣,品行高尚,謙虛恭順,二、各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的名詞,英語中有些詞，如含義較抽象的動詞、形容詞、副詞等，翻譯過程中有時候需要轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的名詞。,1)把英
12、語中的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞,In the field of sports you are more or less accepted for what you do rather than what you are.,在體育領域，你或多或少得到成認的原因是你的作為，而不是你的身份。,A teacher,affects,eternity;he can never tell where his influence stops.,教師的,影響,是永恒的；無法估計他的影響會有多深遠。,The design,aims at,automatic operation,easy regulation,simpl
13、e maintenance.,設計的,目的,在于自動操作，調(diào)節(jié)方便，維護簡易，生產(chǎn)率高。,2)把英語中的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞,The more you study,the more you will find yourself ignorant.,學，然后知缺乏。,在日常翻譯中，“the+形容詞表示“的人或事，常譯成名詞。,They offered the beautiful to the dying.,他們把一切美的感受給予了瀕臨死亡的病人。,The new contract would be,good,for ten years.,新的合同有效期為,10,年。,He is,physical
14、ly weak,but,mentally sound.,他身體雖弱，但思想健康。,3),把英語中的副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞,Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world,and it is very active,chemically,.,氧是物質(zhì)世界最重要的元素之一，其,化學性,很活潑。,The device is shown,schematically,in fig.2.,這種裝置的,簡圖,，示于圖,2,中。,4),把英語中的代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞,The unit of weight is the gram,t
15、hat,of length is the meter,and,that,of capacity is the liter.,重量的,單位,是克，長度的,單位,是米，容積的,單位,是升。,The great hate failure;they will conquer,it,and rise above,it,.,偉人們憎惡失敗，他們要戰(zhàn)勝,失敗,，超越,失敗。,三,.,各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的副詞,1),把英語中的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語副詞,Literature flourishes,best,when it is half a trade and half an art.,當文學一半成為貿(mào)易一半成為藝
16、術(shù)時，就是它最繁榮的時期。,There is,real,constitutional,peculiarity in this race.,這個種族確實有其體質(zhì)上的特點。,A helicopter is,free,to go almost anywhere.,直升機幾乎可以,自由地,飛到任何地方。,Only when we study their properties can we make,better,use of the materials.,只有研究這些材料的特性才能,更好地,利用它們。,2)把英語中的其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語副詞,The three foundations of learning:seeing much,suffering much,and studying much.,求學的三個根本條件：多觀察、多磨礪、多研究。名詞轉(zhuǎn)換副詞,People tend to read those books easy and funny to understand.,人們往往會讀容易理解、又逗樂的書籍。動詞轉(zhuǎn)換副詞,四、轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的形容詞,1),把英語中的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語形容詞,A te
詞類轉(zhuǎn)換自然流暢課件
