基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯

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常見醫(yī)學(xué)單詞： BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平 anti-coagulation 抗凝 CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭 constrict / constriction 收縮 RBC Red Blood Cell dilate / dilation 舒張 WBC White Blood Cell negative 陰性 Platelet 血小板 positive 陽性 Plasma/serum 血漿 myocardium 心肌 Consciousness 意識 coronary artery 冠狀動脈 Hypoxia 缺氧 ventricle 心室 Osmotic pressure 滲透壓 atrium 心房 Colloid Osmotic pressure 膠體滲透壓 blood supply 血供 Spinal column 脊柱 BT bleeding time 出血時間 Acidosis 酸中毒 Alkalosis 堿中毒 CT clotting time 凝血時間 Pulmonary edema 肺水腫 water-soluble 水溶性 nerve 神經(jīng) fat-soluble 脂溶性 Oxygen 氧氣 pulmonary arterial / vein肺動/靜脈 Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 elastic 有彈性的 Stomach 胃 tissue 組織 Gastric contents 胃內(nèi)容物 aorta 主動脈 Risk factor 危險因素 exchange 交換 Flushed skin 皮膚發(fā)紅 gallbladder 膽囊 Pallor 蒼白 lung 肺 Dizziness 頭暈 kidney 腎 Nausea 惡心 cardiac output 心輸出量 Vomit 嘔吐 peripheral resistance 外周阻力 Seizure 驚厥 systolic blood pressure 收縮壓 Enema 灌腸 diastolic blood pressure 舒張壓 Electrolyte 電解質(zhì) normal range 正常范圍 Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂 capillary 毛細(xì)血管 BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮 circulatory system 循環(huán)系統(tǒng) Blood gas 血?dú)? release 釋放 Hormone 激素 superficial 表淺的 Protein 蛋白質(zhì) blood volume 血容量 Albumin 白蛋白 bradycardia 心動過緩 Glucose 葡萄糖 tachycardia 心動過速 Hemoglobin 血紅蛋白 valve 瓣膜 Sternum 胸骨 forearm 前臂 Rib 肋骨 breast 胸部，乳房 Liver 肝 armpit 腋窩 Spleen 脾 groin 腹股溝 Pancreas 胰腺 prevent 預(yù)防 Iron 鉄 bloodstream 血流 Calcium 鈣 fiber 纖維 Magnesium 鎂 acute 急性的 Sodium 鈉 diarrhea 腹瀉 Potassium 鉀 Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗體復(fù)合物 Bone marrow 骨髓 myocardial infarction Transplant 移植 low-grade fever 低熱 Blurred vision 視力模糊 chill 寒戰(zhàn) Spontaneous 自主的 urticaria 風(fēng)疹 Dysrhythmia 心律不齊 inhibitor 抑制劑 GI irritation 胃腸刺激 inflammation 炎癥 Intake and output 出入量 angioplasty 血管擴(kuò)張術(shù) Hypokalemia 低血鉀 normal saline 生理鹽水 Hyperkalemia 高血鉀 circulatory overload 循環(huán)負(fù)擔(dān)過重 Hypotension 低血壓 shortness of breath 氣短 Hypertension 高血壓 restless 煩躁不安 Antihypertensive 抗高血壓藥 rapid and thready pulse 脈搏細(xì)速 Headache 頭痛 orthopnea 端坐呼吸 Urinary retention 尿儲留 pallor/ cyanosis 蒼白 Angina pectoris 心絞痛 chest pain central venous pressure 中心靜脈壓 Sublingual 舌下的 Fowler’s position 端座臥位 Oral 口服的 Semi- Fowler’s position 半座臥位 Topical 局部的 dyspnea 呼吸困難 Calcium channel blocker 鈣離子通道阻滯劑 diuretics 利尿劑 Mucosa 粘膜 impaired 受損的 Orthostatic hypotension 體位性低血壓 pink and frothy sputum粉紅色泡沫樣痰 Hypoglycemia 低血糖 yellow sputum 黃痰 Hyperglycemia 高血糖 blood-streaked sputum 血絲痰 Hypovolemia 低血容量 mucoid sputum 黏液痰 Hypervolemia 高血容量 breathing pattern 呼吸模式 Preload and afterload （心臟的）前后負(fù)荷 sterile 無菌的 Dehydration 脫水 container 容器 Uric acid 尿酸 cool clammy skin 皮膚濕冷 Sign 體征 preventive 預(yù)防性的 Symptom 癥狀 bronchitis 支氣管炎 Symptom free/ asymptomatic 無癥狀 pneumonia 肺炎 Monitor 監(jiān)測 concentration 濃度 Constipation 便秘 barrel chest 桶狀胸 Skin rash 皮疹 distended neck vein 頸靜脈怒張 Heparin 肝素 external irritant 外界刺激物 Warfarin 華法林 endocrine system 內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng) Hemorrhage 大出血 insulin 胰島素 Therapy 療法 absorption 吸收 Alcohol 酒精 reabsorption 再吸收 Anemia 貧血 shock 休克 Folic acid 葉酸 trauma 外傷 Allergic reaction 過敏反應(yīng) complication 并發(fā)癥 Bile 膽汁 compensatory 代償?shù)? Bile acid 膽汁酸 Cholesterol 膽固醇 Obesity 肥胖癥 Stuffy nose 鼻塞 collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血標(biāo)本做細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)和藥敏 COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病 Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病 Ketone body 酮體 Ketoacidosis 酮癥酸中毒 Insulin resistant 胰島素耐受 Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Mechanism 機(jī)制，機(jī)理 IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰島素依賴性糖尿病 NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰島素依賴性糖尿病 Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量試驗(yàn) Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖藥 PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病 Arterioatherosclerosis 動脈粥樣硬化 CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病 CVD cerebral vascular disease 腦血管病 Polyuria 多尿 Ulcer 潰瘍 Gangrene 壞疽 Fatigue 疲乏 Blurred vision 視力模糊 Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖 2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后兩小時血糖 Hemoglobin 血紅蛋白 Metabolic acidosis 代謝性酸中毒 Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒 Ketonuria 酮尿 Sweet breath odor 爛蘋果味呼吸 Mental confusion 精神錯亂 Slurred speech 說話含糊不清 Wound healing 傷口愈合 Renal function 腎功能 Renal failure 腎衰 Uremia 尿毒癥 Creatinine 肌酐 Urea 尿素 Internal 內(nèi)部的 External 外部的 Itching 癢 BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮 Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳結(jié)合力 Urine gravity 尿比重 Bleeding tendency 出血傾向 Injury 外傷 Patency 開放，通暢 Bed sore 褥瘡 Skin care 皮膚護(hù)理 Paraplegia 截癱 Pacemaker 起搏器 Elevate 抬高 Pitting edema 凹陷型水腫 Sodium-restricted diet 限鈉飲食 Interstitial space 組織間隙 Extremity 四肢，肢端 Deficiency 缺乏，不足 Blood transfusion 輸血 GI irritation 胃腸刺激 Pleural space 胸膜腔 Fluctuate 波動 Kink 彎曲，折住 Water-seal chamber 水封瓶 Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下氣腫 Airtight 密封的 Sharp pain 銳痛 Dull pain 鈍痛 Burning pain 灼痛 Radiating pain 放射痛 各科室名稱： medical department; department of internal medicine: 內(nèi)科 surgical department; department of surgery: 外科 department of obstetrics and gynecology : 婦產(chǎn)科 ophtalmology department: 眼科 dental department: 牙科 ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科 urology department: 泌尿科 dermatology department; skin department: 皮膚科 orthopedic surgery department: 矯形外科 traumatology department: 創(chuàng)傷外科 plastic surgery: 整形外科 anesthesiology department: 麻醉科 pathology department: 病理科 cardiology department: 心臟病科 psychiatry department: 精神病科 orthopedics department: 骨科 department of cardiac surgery: 心臟外科 department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科 neurology department: 神經(jīng)科 neurosurgery department: 神經(jīng)外科 thoracic surgery department: 腦外科 department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中醫(yī)科 registration office: 掛號處 out-patient department: 門診部 in-patient department: 住院部 nursing department: 護(hù)理部 consulting room: 診室 waiting room: 候診室 emergency room: 急診室 admitting office: 住院處 operation room: 手術(shù)室 X-ray department: 放射科 blood bank: 血庫 dispensary; pharmacy: 藥房 ward: 病房 laboratory: 化驗(yàn)室牤 Department of Nephrology 腎內(nèi)科 Department of Chemotherapy 化療科 Department of Radiotherapy 放療科 Department of Endocrinology 內(nèi)分泌科 Respiratory medicine 呼吸科 Rheumatology 風(fēng)濕科 Hematology 血液科 Geriatrics 老年科 Neurology 神經(jīng)科 Oncology 腫瘤科 Thoracic surgery 胸外科 Urology 泌尿外科 Neurosurgery 神經(jīng)外科 Vascular surgery 周圍血管外科 Gastroenterology 腸胃外科 Hepatobiliary surgery 肝膽外科 General surgery 普外科 Orthopedics 骨科 Cardiovascular surgery 心外科 Burns surgery 燒傷科 Hand surgery 手外科 Plastic surgery 整形外科 Pediatric surgery 兒外科 Obstetrics and gynecology 婦產(chǎn)科 Stomatology 口腔科 Ophthalmology 眼科 Infectious disease 感染科 Dermatology 皮膚科 Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科 Nuclear medicine 核醫(yī)學(xué)科 Psychiatry 精神科 Medical rehabilitation 康復(fù)科 Anesthesiology 麻醉科 Radiology 放射科 Ultrasonography 超聲科 Pain management 疼痛科 Pharmacology 藥理科 Internal Medicine 內(nèi)科 常見護(hù)理英語80句 一．Receiving the patient（接待病人） 1.How do you do? / Good morning! 您好?。ǔ醮我娒鏁r使用）/早上好！ 2.　What can I do for you? /Can I help you? 您需要我?guī)椭鷨幔? 3．I’ll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed.. 　 我要領(lǐng)您到床邊去.請跟我來.這是您的床位. 4.The toilet is over there. 衛(wèi)生間在那邊 5.We supply hot water. 我們供應(yīng)熱水 6.Please wait a moment. I’ll let your doctor know. / I’ll inform your doctor. 請等一會兒,我去通知醫(yī)生. 7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.瑪麗是您的負(fù)責(zé)護(hù)士/醫(yī)生 8.　Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要幫助時，請告訴我們. 9.　Smoking is not allowed here.　 這里不允許吸煙 二.information collection (收集信息) 10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我問您幾個問題嗎? 11. We need some information from you. 我們需要從您這兒收集一些信息. 12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子還疼嗎? 13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在飯前還是飯后發(fā)作？ 14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿時痛嗎？/ 當(dāng)我按壓這兒時痛嗎？ 15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛嗎？ 16.Do your feet swell?　您的腳腫了嗎？ 17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽嗎？/ 您有發(fā)熱嗎？ 18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰嗎？ 19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛嗎？ 20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多長時間了？ 21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛從什么時候開始的/什么地方疼痛？ 22. Are your periods regular? 您的月經(jīng)規(guī)則嗎？ 三．Physical examination（查體） 23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 請您脫下衣服做體檢好嗎？ 24. Take off your clothes, please. 請把衣服脫下來 25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax. 請?zhí)稍谥委煷采?/ 請安靜地躺在治療床上,放松. 26.Bend your knees, please. 請屈膝. 27.Open your mouth and say ’ah" 張開口, 說: 啊 28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.請深呼吸 29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要檢查下您的肚子, 好嗎? 30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 請卷起袖子. 四．Communication. (交流) 31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit. 我要測一下您的體溫/請把體溫計放在您的腋下. 32.Let me feel your pulse.讓我測一下您的脈搏. 33. I’ll test/take your blood pressure. 我要測量您的血壓. 34. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level. 我要取一滴指血做血糖測定, 需要刺一下手指. 35. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 現(xiàn)在我要從您的胳膊抽血. 36. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning. 半夜之后不要吃喝任何東西，明天早上抽血. 37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine. 請留一份尿/便/痰的標(biāo)本/請收集您的中段尿. 38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 請做一下您的血和尿試驗(yàn). 39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today. 今天您要做一個胸部/頭部CT. 40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一個胸片. 41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full. 您要做B超檢查,請留尿,使膀胱充盈. 42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please don’t eat or drink anything after 12 o’clock tonight. 明天上午您要做胃鏡檢查，今晚12點(diǎn)之后，請不要吃喝任何東西。 43. You are going to have urine catheterization now. 現(xiàn)在您需要導(dǎo)尿. 44. I’m going to do an ECG for you. 我要給您做心電圖. 45. I’m going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression. 我要放胃管到您的胃內(nèi)，這是胃腸減壓. We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我們通過胃管給您必要的營養(yǎng).當(dāng)我放管時,請做吞咽動作. 46. I’m going to make your bed. / we’ll change the bed linen at once.我要給您整理床鋪/我們馬上給您換床單. 47.I’ll apply a cold(hot) compress to your ankle.我要給您的踝部冷/熱敷 48.An operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now. Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation? 明天將做手術(shù)/現(xiàn)在馬上做急診手術(shù). 同意手術(shù)請您簽字好嗎？ 49. I’m going to shave your skin. / I’m going to do skin preparation for you. 我要給您做備皮/我要給您做皮膚準(zhǔn)備。 50. You’re going to have a local/general/epidural anesthesia. 要給您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉. 51. Are you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin?您對什么藥物/青霉素過敏嗎? 52. I’m going to do a skin test of penicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. I’ll see the result in fifteen minutes. /I’m going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you. 我要給您做青霉素皮試. 如果您感到癢或氣短,請立刻告訴我./我十五分鐘后看結(jié)果./我要給您做破傷風(fēng)皮試. 53. I’m going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection. 我要給您做肌肉/靜脈/皮內(nèi)注射 54.I’m going to give you an enema to help you pass motion.我要給您灌腸, 幫助您排便 55.The doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.醫(yī)生要給您換藥/醫(yī)生要給您拆線. 56.I’m going to give you oxygen now. 我要給您吸氧 57.I’m going to give you nebulization.我要給您(霧化)吸入. 58. I’m going to do bladder irrigation for you.我要給您做膀胱沖洗 59.You have to rest in bed for at least one week您至少要臥床休息一周. 60. How are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite? 您今天怎么樣？您昨晚睡得怎么樣？您的食欲怎么樣？ 61. Did you pass motion yesterday? /Are your bowel movements normal? 昨天您排便了嗎？/您的大便正常嗎？ 62. What color of your urine? 您的尿液什么顏色？ 63. How much urine do you pass each time? 您每次排尿多少？ 64.You will have skin/cervical traction.要給您做皮膚/頸部牽引 65. Take more exercises. /Do some light work, have a happy outlook, avoid excitement and too much worry. Be careful not to stumble. 多做鍛煉/做一些輕體力活動，保持良好的心態(tài)，避免興奮和過度憂慮，小心不要摔倒 66.You are going to have a blood transfusion.要給您輸血 67.The results are normal.結(jié)果正常 68.You are suffering from ~/Your disease was diagnosed as ~您的病診斷為~ 69.You have to stop smoking and alcohol.您必須戒煙、戒酒 五．a(chǎn)bout medication and nutrition（關(guān)于藥物和營養(yǎng)） 70.Take two tablets three times a day after/before food.飯前/飯后服，每日三次，每次兩粒. 71.Take the medicine with a lot of water.服用此藥，要多飲水. 72.I’ll give you an injection twice a day.我要給您注射,每日兩次. 73.This medicine is used for preventing infection/treating infection/relieving your pain/protecting your stomach/supplying nutrients/ bringing down your temperature/ intracranial pressure/stopping bleeding/ 這種藥是為了預(yù)防感染/治療感染/減輕疼痛/保護(hù)您的胃/提供營養(yǎng)/降低體溫/降低顱內(nèi)壓/停止出血 74.You should have a low fat/ low salt/ light diet/high caloric diet/high protein/soft diet/liquid food.　您的進(jìn)食應(yīng)該是低脂/低鹽/輕淡/高熱量/高蛋白/軟食/流食的食物 75.Please take some more nourishing food.請食營養(yǎng)多的食物. 1． What can do for you？你有什么事？ 2．May I help you？我能幫你什么忙？ 3．Please take a seat！ please sit down！請坐下． 4．Wait a moment, please．請等一等． 5．Sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起讓你久等了． 6．It is not serious．病情不嚴(yán)重． 7．Don’t worry． There is nothing to worry about. 不必顧慮。 8．You need a thorough examination．你需要做一個全面檢查． 9．You will have to stay in hospital for several days．你需要在醫(yī)院里住幾天． We think that you had better be hospitalized 我們認(rèn)為你最好住進(jìn)醫(yī)院來。 10． You should stay in bed for a few days. 你需要臥床幾天． 11． You can keep on working． You can carry on with your work. 可以繼續(xù)工作。 12． You should be very careful for a week or two 這一兩周內(nèi)，你需要很注意。 13. Try to relax and keep calm．盡量放松保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 14． You’ll soon be all right．你很快就會好起來的． 15． 1’m sure this medicine will help you a great deal．這藥對你肯定會很有效的． 16． Feeling well again is a rather slow process，I’m afraid. 恐怕痊愈將是一個很慢的過程． 17． You will have to wait for twenty minutes．你需要等20分鐘． 18．Complete recovery will take a rather long time．徹底恢復(fù)需要一段很長的時間。 19． You will have to come here for periodical check-ups．你需要定期來門診檢查． 20． If you feel worse， please come back to the clinic right away. 要是你覺著病加重了，就請馬上來門診。 21．If you feel worried, don’t hesitate to go to the clinic anytime, day or night. 你要覺著難受，無論白天黑夜都趕緊上醫(yī)院看去． 22．I’ll come right away. 我馬上就來． 23．I’m going to make arrangements for your admission．我去給你安排住院． 24．Please come with your interpreter next time．下次請帶翻譯來。 25． Do you understand what I’m saying？你明白我的話嗎？ 26.Is there anything else you would like me to explain to you？你看在哪些方面還需要解釋呢？ 27. Shall I explain it again? 需等我海解釋一遍嗎？ 28．If the trouble persists come back again．要是情況還不見好，就請你再來門診吧。 29． There doesn’t seem to be anything serious， but we’11 take an x-ray just to be certain．不象有什么嚴(yán)重情況，但還是要拍張x線片肯定一下。 30． Please wait until we get the result of the x-ray (blood test）．請等一下，我們需要看一下X線片（驗(yàn)血）的結(jié)果。 31． It’s difficult to say just now exactly what’s wrong. 現(xiàn)在還不好說是什么問題。 32． This is quite common among people of your age．在您這樣歲數(shù)人當(dāng)中，這可太尋常了． This often happens to people of your age. 這種情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生在你這樣歲數(shù)的人． This often occurs at your age．這就經(jīng)常出在你這種歲數(shù)上。 33. This kind of illness usually occurs among people whose work requires a lot of concentration（who undergo a lot of stress）．這種病通常發(fā)生在工作要求精神高度集中的（精神緊張的）人們當(dāng)中。 34．I suggest you do some light exercises. 我建議你做些輕微的鍛煉。 I suggest you have a course of acupuncture. 我自頗胞一個療程的針灸． I suggest that you get physiotherapy treatment. 我建議你作理療。 I suggest that you take Chinese herbs. 我建議你吃中藥。 35．I would like to transfer you to the gynecology (surgery,dermatology, urology department。我要將你轉(zhuǎn)到婦科（外科、皮科、泌尿科）去. 36． Your WBC（RBC， hemoglobin，urine stool,sputum） should be checked．你的白細(xì)胞（紅細(xì)胞，血紅蛋白，尿，大便，痰）需要檢查一下． 37． A smear should be taken．需要做個涂片. A culture should be done. 需要做個培養(yǎng)。 38． Please don’t eat anything tomorrow morning before blood test．明早查血以前不要吃東西。 39． Please wait for the result of your hemoglobin test．請等一下你的血紅蛋白化驗(yàn)結(jié)果． 40． What’s your trouble？你哪里覺著不好？ 41． How long have you been feeling unwell？你不舒服多久了。 42． What medicine did you take? 你吃的是什么藥？ 43．Have you taken any medicine？你吃過什么藥嗎？ 44．Did you take your temperature？你試過體溫嗎? 45．Do you smoke （drink)? 你吸煙（喝酒）嗎？ 46． Have you any temperature (a cough， a bed headach)? 你發(fā)燒（咳嗽，劇烈的頭痛）嗎？ 47．Have your ever had jaundice (low grade fever，any chronic ailments, cold sweats at night, attacks of asthma)? 你有過黃疸（發(fā)低燒，任何慢性病，夜間出冷汗，哮喘發(fā)作）嗎? 48．Do you suffer from heartburn stomachaches (loose bowel movements, chest pains)? 你的胃有過燒心感（稀便，胸痛）嗎？ 49． Do your want to have your tooth extracted （tooth filled， dressing changed，blood pressure checked？你要拔牙（補(bǔ)牙，換藥，量血壓）嗎？ 50．Let me examine you please．我給你檢查一下． 51．Please take off your shoes and lie down．請脫鞋，躺下． 52，Please unbutton your shirt and loosen your belt．請解開上衣的扣子，松開腰帶． 53．Please take off you