英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解

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1、英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解 英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解 　　"Waiting is a pain. Forget also a pain. But do not know how to do, is a more excruciating pain."以下是小編為大家搜索整理的英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?更多精彩內(nèi)容請及時關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)! 　　The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental Experience 　　By 1950, the results of at

2、tempts to relate brain processesto mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Suchvariations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitationthreshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cellsremained negligible in significance for any possible correlationwith the manifold di

3、mensions of mental experience. 　　Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation,such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervousenergy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzi

4、ng nerve potentialsfailed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methodsrefined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality ofthe impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead

5、toinfluence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance amongnerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as“common currency” t

6、hroughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the qualityof the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidencefor this view. In one experiment

7、, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field ofthe cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriatemodality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditorysensation from the auditory cortex, and so

8、 on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneuralcorrelations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemedmuch more remarkable than any of the minute differenc

9、es. 　　However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth,movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the samecortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brainexcitation: i

10、t is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Braintheory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relativelyhomogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses throughhomogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the mult

11、iple dimensions of mental experiencepsychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerveimpulses. 　　1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related wouldmost likely have been met with 　　[A] vexation [B] irri

12、tability [C] discouragement [D] neutrality 　　2. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the 　　[A] lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings. 　　[B] similarities in the views of the scientists. 　　[C] similarity of sensations of human beings. 　　[D]

13、continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system. 　　3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16—19? 　　[A] Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of thebrain stimulated. 　　[B] Qualitati

14、ve diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately. 　　[C] Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors theyproduce. 　　[D] Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions. 　　4. It can be inferred from the passa

15、ge that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitativevariation? 　　[A] Nerve cells. [B] Nerve impulses. 　　[C] Cortical areas. [C] Spatial patterns of nerve impulses. 　　答案詳解：　　1. C. 令人失望。答案見文章的第一句話“到了1950年，大腦活動過程和精神感受有關(guān)系的實驗結(jié)果看起來令人沮喪?！? 　　A. 令人惱火。 B. 激怒。 D. 中立。 均不對。 　　2. A. 在人的神經(jīng)脈沖中缺少變異(差別)。

16、Common currency本義是一般通用。這里的上下問決定了它的含義“無變異脈沖(普通脈沖)”。第二段“雖然神經(jīng)能量中的質(zhì)變理論從沒有受到嚴厲的駁斥，但這一學說被普遍放棄，而贊成其對立的觀點;那就是：神經(jīng)脈沖在質(zhì)量沙鍋內(nèi)基本相似，并作為無變異脈沖(普通脈沖)經(jīng)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傳送?！彼云胀}沖就是指神經(jīng)脈沖無變異，在質(zhì)量上基本相似。 　　B. 科學家觀點上的相似性。 C. 人類感覺相似性。 D. 神經(jīng)脈沖連續(xù)不斷通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。這三項和common currency 無關(guān)。 　　3. A. 受刺激的大腦部位影響感覺神經(jīng)脈沖所顯示的認知感受。在第二道題譯文下面“根據(jù)這一理論，不是感覺神經(jīng)脈沖的質(zhì)

17、量決定它們所產(chǎn)生的各種有意識的感覺。而是由脈沖在大腦中釋放的不同部位決定，并且有證據(jù)證明這一論點。”見難句譯注3。 　　B. 現(xiàn)在對神經(jīng)潛力的質(zhì)量變化可以進行更精彩的研究。 C. 感官刺激是異源的，并深受它們所產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)感覺(感受器)的影響。 D. 神經(jīng)形態(tài)上的差異影響神經(jīng)傳遞長度。 　　4. B. 神經(jīng)脈沖。這在第2題答案A中譯注(即第二段)已有明確的答復。“神經(jīng)脈沖在質(zhì)量上基本相似……。” 　　A. 神經(jīng)細胞。見難句譯注2，“有可能用其他辦法來顯示神經(jīng)細胞類型之間細微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異。” C. 外皮區(qū)域(部位)。 D. 神經(jīng)脈沖空間模式。見難句譯注5和本文最后一句“為了和精神感受多樣性吻合，心理學家只能指明神經(jīng)脈沖時空模式上的無限差異?！边@說明，它不是 “Leastqualitative variation.”