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1、I.限定用法(定語(yǔ))
a.形容詞(一個(gè)字)+名詞
1. The old man lived in a small village.
2. His elder brother is a famous musician.
b.名詞+形容詞(~thing, ~body, ~one等,兩個(gè)字或以上的形容詞片語(yǔ)和子句)
1. I want to drink something cold.
2. Is there anything interesting in today’s paper?
3. I don’t like riding on trains full of people.
2、ride on train搭乘火車(chē)
4. He tried to climb a fence two meters high.
5. He is a boy (who is) five years old.
He is a five-year-old boy.
2. 敘述用法(表語(yǔ))
a. 主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1. Sea water tastes salty.
2. The rainbow is very beautiful.
b. 受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1. You’ll find the book difficult.
2. I left the windows open. 使開(kāi)著(adj
3、.)
I let the windows be opened. 使被打開(kāi)(v.)
重點(diǎn)
a. 只能用限定用法的形容詞(定語(yǔ)形容詞)
only
mere 只~
main
wooden
upper上面的
inner 里面的
Live/living
daily
lone 孤單的,古語(yǔ)
1. This is a wooden house.
2. He is a mere child. 他不過(guò)是孩子
b. 只能用敘述用法(表語(yǔ)形容詞)
alive
alone
afraid
asleep
awake
well
content
glad
aware
4、
1. I’m afraid of dog.
2. The baby is still asleep.
3. Are you aware of your mistakes?
限定用法和敘述用法意思不同的形容詞
1. I met a certain lady. 某一個(gè)
It is quite certain. 確定
2. He is my present assistant. 目前
He is present today. 出席 absent缺席
3. The late Mr. Smith was an able man. 已故
He was late for the m
5、eeting. 遲到
4. She gave me a fond look. 溫柔的
I am very fond of ice cream. 喜歡
3. 形容詞的位置:
1) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置,但在下列情況后置:
1
修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)
nobody absent, everything possible
2
以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后
the best book available, the only solution possib
6、le
3
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置
the only person awake
4
和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)
a bridge 50 meters long
5
成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
6
形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置
a man difficult to get on with
2) 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序:
代詞
數(shù)詞
性狀形容詞
冠詞前的形容詞
冠詞
指示代詞
不定代詞
代詞所有格
序數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞
性質(zhì)
狀態(tài)
大小
長(zhǎng)短
7、
形狀
新舊
溫度
顏色
國(guó)籍
產(chǎn)地
材料
質(zhì)地
名詞
all
both
such
the
a
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
3) 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:
1
形容詞+名詞+ed
kind-hearted
6
名詞+形容詞
world-famous
2
形容詞+形容詞
dark-blue
8、7
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
peace-loving
3
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
ordinary-looking
8
名詞+過(guò)去分詞
snow-covered
4
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
hard-working
9
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed
three-egged
5
副詞+過(guò)去分詞
newly-built
10
數(shù)詞+名詞
twenty-year
復(fù)合形容詞有下列五類(lèi)
1. 形容詞-連綴動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
a good-looking man
形容詞-及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
a white-painted wall
2. 名詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動(dòng))
a peace-lo
9、ving people
名詞-過(guò)去分詞 (被動(dòng))
a hand-made cake
3. 副詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動(dòng))
a rapidly-moving tornado
副詞-過(guò)去分詞 (被動(dòng))
a well-behaved boy
behave vt. [后接修飾詞語(yǔ)]使(自己)表現(xiàn)得,使(自己)舉止…
例句: he behaves himself well.
4. 名詞-名詞ed
a baby-faced girl
形容詞-名詞ed
a open-minded leader
5. 數(shù)詞-名詞ed
a two-headed monster
a three-legge
10、d table
a second-hand car.
three-minute
first-class 一流的
three-year- old
ten-meter-long
4.特別注意的形容詞用法
a. 不能以人為主詞的形容詞
dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, useful, useless, tough, convenient, important, necessary, regrettable遺憾的, natural, possible
貌似這些形容詞都是人做某事才能體現(xiàn)
只能用It be 形容詞 for人 to V
1.
11、It is necessary for you to see a doctor.
2. Is it possible for you to attend the meeting?
b. 以人為主詞的形容詞都是與情緒有關(guān)的形容詞
angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful
1. We were excited about the baseball game.
The game was exciting for us.
c. The+形容詞
1. The r
12、ich are not always happy.
2. We search for the true, the good, and the beautiful.
d. 形容詞的副詞用法
1. It is burning hot. 天氣熱的厲害
2. It is freezing cold.
3. They were dead asleep. 睡得很熟
5.數(shù)量形容詞
a. many/much
1. do you have many books in your study?
2. They’ve spent much money on adverting.
否定句中的no
13、t many/much 可譯成[不太多]
1. This garden doesn’t have many trees.
2. My son hasn’t made much money.
口語(yǔ)中,可用a lot of, lots of, plenty of+可數(shù)/不可數(shù) 代替many/much
1. There were a lot of/lots of/plenty of people in the shop.
2. She ate a lot of/lots of/plenty of ice cream.
A large number of=large numbers of
14、 number中文有[數(shù)數(shù)]的意思,故后接可數(shù)名詞
A large amount of=large amount of amount指[量],故后接不可數(shù)名詞
b. a few/few
a few=some
few=not many(幾乎沒(méi)有) 表否定,不可和not同時(shí)出現(xiàn)
1. There are a few vegetables in the refrigerator.
2. Few people were injured in the accident. 幾乎沒(méi)有
c. a little/little
a little=some
little=not much幾乎
15、沒(méi)有
1. I have a little money with me.
2. We need little butter to make this cake.
3. The little of his work that remains should be done within a today.
口語(yǔ)中,可用not many/hardly any代替few
可用not much/hardly any代替little
1. There were not many/hardly any people in the park.
2. There is not much/hardly
16、 any danger of an earthquake.
d. some/any
some的用法
1. 肯定句
Some students take lessons in Spanish. 語(yǔ)言前用in
2. 表示邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句
Won’t you have some more tea?
Any的用法
1. 用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句
--Do you have any question?
--Yes, I have some questions.
--No, I don’t have any questions.
2. 用于表示[任何~(皆可)]之意的肯定句
You may come any time.
3. 用于條件句(if子句)
Ask him if you have any doubt.