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1、中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧考點(diǎn)解讀考點(diǎn)解讀 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱把培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀能力作為一個(gè)主要的教學(xué)目標(biāo)，而閱讀理解題是每次中考中分值最大的一類(lèi)題。 它是通過(guò)文字獲取信息以達(dá)到對(duì)作者的思想、觀點(diǎn)、意圖進(jìn)行了解、認(rèn)識(shí)和交流的目的。 旨在考查考生的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力及閱讀理解能力。 新課標(biāo)解讀新課標(biāo)解讀 據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義 能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系 能預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局 能讀懂常見(jiàn)體裁的閱讀材料 能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的 運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息 不借助詞典能讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語(yǔ)言材料。能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息 命題依據(jù)命
2、題依據(jù) 能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略快快速獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息。速獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息。能把握所讀材料的能把握所讀材料的中心思想和主要事實(shí)中心思想和主要事實(shí)。能把握所讀材料的能把握所讀材料的主要邏輯線(xiàn)索，事件和空間的主要邏輯線(xiàn)索，事件和空間的順序。順序。能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解詞義。推斷、理解詞義。能根據(jù)上下能根據(jù)上下文理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和意圖。文理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和意圖。能能找出找出文章中的文章中的主題主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)測(cè)故故事情節(jié)的事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和結(jié)局。發(fā)展和結(jié)局。能力要求能力要求 預(yù)測(cè)能力快速閱讀能
3、力 整體理解能力快速準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息能力把握全文主旨能力能力要求能力要求把握段落主旨能力對(duì)西方文化的理解能力句子結(jié)構(gòu)和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力 掌握一定的閱讀詞匯量 詞語(yǔ)意義的理解能力題型特點(diǎn)題型特點(diǎn) 直觀性問(wèn)題 常識(shí)性問(wèn)題 理解性問(wèn)題 推理性問(wèn)題 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 中考對(duì)四篇文章的閱讀理解能力要求中考對(duì)四篇文章的閱讀理解能力要求 閱讀量約閱讀量約100詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速搜索信詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速搜索信息。所選文章多為應(yīng)用文體息。所選文章多為應(yīng)用文體,如：各種通知、海報(bào)、如：各種通知、海報(bào)、節(jié)目單、時(shí)刻表、校園學(xué)生活動(dòng)安排等。節(jié)目單、時(shí)刻表、校園學(xué)生活動(dòng)安排等。 閱讀量約閱讀量約200
4、詞左右。快速閱讀，整體理解，根據(jù)詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)，而且要理解主旨以及題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)，而且要理解主旨以及推測(cè)詞義等。所選文章多為記敘文。如故事、人物、推測(cè)詞義等。所選文章多為記敘文。如故事、人物、文化等。文化等。 閱讀量約閱讀量約250-300詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)、理解主旨以及推根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)、理解主旨以及推測(cè)詞義，而且要理解深層含義、作者意圖等。測(cè)詞義，而且要理解深層含義、作者意圖等。 閱讀量約閱讀量約200詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速提取關(guān)詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速提
5、取關(guān)鍵信息，并要求一定的歸納能力。所選文章多為說(shuō)鍵信息，并要求一定的歸納能力。所選文章多為說(shuō)明文。如科普短文明文。如科普短文 ，使用說(shuō)明等。，使用說(shuō)明等。解題步驟解題步驟 一、先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)一、先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌 三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞 四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案 主要題型主要題型 理解主旨大意（理解主旨大意（ To find out the main idea) 細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷( To look for details) 猜測(cè)詞義猜測(cè)詞義(
6、 To guess the meaning) 推理判斷題（推理判斷題（ To infer a conclusion) 理解主旨大意理解主旨大意解題技巧：解題技巧：1抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想抓住段落大意，概括中心思想3抓住主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心抓住主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心主旨題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：主旨題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：(1) Whats the main idea of the passage ?(2) This passage is mainly about.(3) The authors purpose in writing this tex
7、t is.(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5) Whats the topic of the text?典例：（典例：（2011年內(nèi)江市中考卷）年內(nèi)江市中考卷）63、Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?A、Many parents dont understand kids language in their blogs.B、Many parents are worried about these young bloggers.C、Many parents
8、 cant understand why their kids dont like studying.70、What is the passage about?A、Repairing old computers.B、Selling old computers.C、Recycling old computers.細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷?？碱}型?？碱}型：1、是非題 2、例證題 3、年代與數(shù)字 4、比較 5、原因 6、事實(shí)排序題 7、直接信息題 8、間接信息題 9、綜合信息題細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷解題技巧：解題技巧：(1)細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述
9、找答案。(3)多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)的命題形式： Which of the followingis True/Not True? In the passage, which of the following is mentioned? All of the following statements are true except Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 用用Where, how, who, why, how long等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑
10、問(wèn)句等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。典例：典例： 65. Which of the following is NOT true? A. My brothers, my sisters and I would sometimes fight about which channel to watch when I was a child. B. These days, there is only one channel with old movies, cooking and fishing. C. People have many channels to choose from n
11、ow. （2010年內(nèi)江市中考卷年內(nèi)江市中考卷）猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題 解題技巧解題技巧： 1、通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義；、通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義；2、通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；、通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞； 3、通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義；、通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義；4、通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)推測(cè)詞義；、通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)推測(cè)詞義；5、通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義；、通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義；6、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義；、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義；7、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。 猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題常見(jiàn)命題形式如下常見(jiàn)命題形式如下：1）、）、The word “” in the p
12、assage probably means_.2）、）、What does the word “”mean_.3）、）、The underlined(劃線(xiàn)的劃線(xiàn)的) word means_4）、）、The close meaning of the underlined word“”is _in English .5）、）、The word “”refers to _典例：典例：69、In the 2nd paragraph, the close meaning of the underlined word “teased” is _in English . （2010年內(nèi)江中考卷）年內(nèi)江中考卷
13、）A.hit B. criticized C. laughed at60.Whats the Chinese meaning of the underlined word fined?A. 罰款B. 給予 C. 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（2011年內(nèi)江中考卷）年內(nèi)江中考卷）推理判斷題推理判斷題 解題技巧：解題技巧： 與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷做推斷 推理判斷題推理判斷題1、推理深層含義的常見(jiàn)命題形式如下：、推理深層含義的常見(jiàn)命題形式如下： We can infer from the passage that _ The write
14、r suggest that _ From the passage, we can learn that _ We may conclude from the passage that _ From the passage, it can be inferred that _典例：典例：65We can learn the last paragraph that A. Its easy for many teenagers to give up blogging on the Internet.B. Its safe for many teenagers to put their person
15、al information on the Internet.C. Its popular for many teenagers to use blogs on the Internet. （2011年內(nèi)江市中考卷）年內(nèi)江市中考卷）推理判斷題推理判斷題2、推理作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)命題方式如下：、推理作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)命題方式如下： The writers purpose in writing this story is In the writers opinion, a good school should What should be the right attitude to
16、wards “”? The writers attitude toward “” is 例文例文： We spent a day in the country picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back, my wife noticed a cupboard outside a shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it.” My wife said at once, “Well carry it home on the roof r
17、ack. Ive always wanted one like that.” What could I do? Ten minutes later, I was $20 poorer, and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. From the passage, we can see that in fact the husband _the cupboard. A、thought it was worth buying B、believed they needed to buy C、was glad to have bought D、would
18、rather not buy Whats a blog? A blog is a personal online diary(日記日記). Its cool, its hot, and everyone is doing it. People talk about it often. Sound like a fashion? In fact, Its another trend (流行趨勢(shì)流行趨勢(shì)). And the word blogger means a person who writes diaries online. Are you a blogger?Many bloggers a
19、re teenagers who log (進(jìn)入進(jìn)入) onto websites to discuss anything in their lives. Many of todays teenagers are not afraid to openly discuss everything in their lives. Teenagers complain about their parents and homework. They share diaries, post(發(fā)布發(fā)布) songs from the latest bands and show pictures of thei
20、rs. They write their own poems, say something about their girlfriends or boyfriends and complain to each other or offer support. But mostly they just write down what they do every day. However, many parents are worried about these young bloggers. Parents see the kids talking about how they got drunk
21、 last weekend and how they dont like studying. They are using the language that is surprising to their parents. Besides hearing from their friends, teen bloggers also get messages from strangers. Most of the time, its older men asking to meet teenage girls. These strange men are dangerous for my kid
22、s. They sometimes teach my kids bad words. said Cara Cabral, a mother of two children.Many teenagers and young adults know its not safe to use blogs on the Internet. They know they are putting information about themselves in a place where it can be seen by anyone. But teenagers are unwilling to give
23、 up these new communication tools that have become a way of life for many of them.61. The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph means _ . A. the fashion B. the Internet C. the blog62. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. Teenagers dont tell about their personal life in their blogs. B. Teenag
24、ers mostly write down what they do every day in their blogs. C. Teenagers complain about their parents and homework in their blogs.63. Whats the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Many parents dont understand kids language in their blogs. B. Many parents are worried about these young bloggers. C.
25、Many parents can understand why their kids dont like studying.64. Many parents think its _ for their children to get messages from strangers. A. dangerous B. interesting C. surprising65. We can learn from the last paragraph that _ A. Its easy for many teenagers to give up blogging on the Internet B. Its safe for many teenagers to put their personal information on the Internet C. Its popular for many teenagers to use blogs on the Internet
廣東省深圳市中考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解解課件
