個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)表及發(fā)音規(guī)則.doc

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. 48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)表及發(fā)音規(guī)則 48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)表 元 音 12個(gè)單元音 長(zhǎng)元音 [i:] [ ] [ ] [u:] [a:] 短元音 [i] [ ] [ ] [u] [ ] [e] [ ] 8個(gè)雙元音 [ai] [ei] [ i] [i ] [ ] [ ] [u ] [au] 輔 音 10對(duì) 清輔音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [ ] [ ∫ ] [ ] [tr] [ts] 濁輔音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [ ] [dr] [dz] 3個(gè)鼻音 [m] [n] [ ] 3個(gè)似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2個(gè)半元音 [w] [j] /i/--發(fā)音要領(lǐng)的是：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高，舌兩側(cè)抵上齒兩側(cè)，口形偏平。 /i:/--發(fā)音要領(lǐng)是發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒，前舌盡量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。 /e/--發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，開口度比/i:/大。 / /--發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；雙唇平伸，成扁平形。 / /--/ /是長(zhǎng)元音。發(fā)音時(shí)口張大，舌身壓低并后縮，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齒。雙唇稍收?qǐng)A。 / /--發(fā)音時(shí)口張大，舌身盡量降低并后縮，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A。 / /--它是長(zhǎng)元音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部抬得比/ /即美式/ /美式/ /高，雙唇收得更圓更小，并向前突出。 /u/--發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部抬起，舌身后縮，舌尖離開下齒。雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍突出。 / /--發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部盡量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式讀音/ /英式讀音/ /高。雙唇收?qǐng)A并突出?？谛伪?u// // /稍小。 / /--發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，開口度較大，與/ /相似。 / /--/ /是長(zhǎng)元音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌中部比發(fā)/ /音時(shí)略高。雙唇扁平。 / /--/ /是讀短元音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，雙唇扁平。 /ei/--先發(fā)/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。雙唇稍扁，口形從半開到合。 / /--它由元音/ /滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的/ /，舌位由半低到高，口形由半開到小。注意將音發(fā)足。 /ai/--/ai/為雙元音。先發(fā)/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齒。發(fā)此音的關(guān)鍵是要把/a/音發(fā)足，注意從開到合的滑動(dòng)。 /au/--/au/或/ /由/a/滑向/u// /。舌位由低到高，口形由大到小。注意將音發(fā)足。 / i/--發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇從圓到扁，口形從開到合。發(fā)好這個(gè)音的關(guān)鍵是首先要把后元音/a// // /發(fā)足，然后滑向/i/音。 /i /--其發(fā)音要領(lǐng)是從/i/音滑向/ /音，美音則滑向/r/音。前面的/i/發(fā)得較清楚，后面的/ /或/r/較弱。雙唇始終半開。此音一定要發(fā)足。 / /--其發(fā)音方法是從/ //e/音滑向/ /音。發(fā)間時(shí)舌端抵下齒，前舌略抬起，雙唇半開，此音中的/ /有似于/e/音，/ /音較輕。 /u /--發(fā)音時(shí)，嘴唇從收?qǐng)A到半開。發(fā)好這個(gè)音的關(guān)鍵是首先要把/u// /音發(fā)足，然后滑向/ /音。 /p/ /b/--/p/是p的發(fā)音，/b/是b的發(fā)音。雙唇爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇緊閉，憋住氣，然后突灰分開，氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/p/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/b/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /t/ /d/--/t/是t的發(fā)音，/d/是d的發(fā)音。舌齒爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵上齒齦，憋住氣，然后突然分開，使氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/t/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/d/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /k/ / /--/k/是字母k和字母c的發(fā)音，/ /是字母g的讀音。舌后軟顎爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /f/ /v/--/f/是f和ph的發(fā)音，/v/是v的發(fā)音。唇齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒間通過，形成摩擦音。/f/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/v/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 / / / /--/ // /是th的發(fā)音。舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。/ /是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /s/ /z/--/s//z/是s的發(fā)音，/z/又是z的發(fā)音。舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /∫/ / /--/∫/是sh的發(fā)音，/ /是s的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦后部摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A并略突出。氣流通過時(shí)形成摩擦音。/∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /h/--/h/是字母h的發(fā)音。聲門摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)氣流送出口腔，在通過聲門時(shí)發(fā)出輕微摩擦；口形隨其后的元音而變化。/h/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)。 /m/--/m/是m的發(fā)音。雙唇鼻輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)軟顎下垂，雙唇緊閉，氣流從鼻腔送出。 /n/--/n/是n的發(fā)音。舌尖齒齦鼻輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵上齒齦，軟顎下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出。 / /--/ /是ng的發(fā)音。舌后軟顎鼻輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)軟顎下垂，堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔送出。聲帶振動(dòng)。 /w/--/w/是w的發(fā)音。舌后軟顎半元音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部向軟顎抬起，舌位高。雙唇收小并向前突出，聲帶振動(dòng)。發(fā)音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。 /l/--/l/是l的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦邊輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖及舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌前向硬顎抬起，氣流從舌的旁邊送出。當(dāng)此音為尾音時(shí)，將舌端抵住上齒齦，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。濁輔音、聲帶振動(dòng)。 /r/--/r/是r的發(fā)音。舌尖齒齦(后部)摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖卷起，靠近上齒齦后部。舌兩側(cè)稍收擾。雙唇略突出。氣流通過舌尖和齒齦形成輕微摩擦。濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /j/--/j/傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)際音標(biāo)的讀音符號(hào)　　該音是國(guó)音字母y在詞首的讀音，是舌前硬顎半元音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌前部向硬顎盡量抬起，舌位較高，雙唇伸展成扁平狀。它是個(gè)濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 / /--/ /是ch的發(fā)音，/ /是dge的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部，氣流通過時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音。/ /是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /ts/ /dz/傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)際音標(biāo)讀音符號(hào)，新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內(nèi)，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分別是字母組合ts和ds的讀音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略下降，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音，/dz/是濁輔音。 /tr/ /dr/傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)際音標(biāo)讀音符號(hào)。新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內(nèi)。/tr/、/dr/分別是tr、dr的發(fā)音。齒齦后部破擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌身與/r/相似，舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/是清輔音，/dr/是濁輔音。 [i:]字母組合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece []發(fā)音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man [e]字母組合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any [ ]字母組合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard [ε]字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada [a:] 字母組合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm [ ]發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood [ ]字母組合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter [ ]發(fā)音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch [u:]字母組合 oo o u--food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude [u]字母組合 oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf [ei]發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey [ai]發(fā)音字母 i y--bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye [au]字母組合 ou ow--house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town [ ]發(fā)音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal [i ]字母組合 eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea [ ]字母組合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care [u ]字母組合our ower--hour tour flower shower [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky [g] girl good goal goat grade long language [m] man make moon morning move come comb [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean [ ] uncle bank English think thank junksing king morning [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul [r] read red right run room write [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough [v] very evening even every voice vest of [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those [ ] that this those these though [∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention [h] hot hop home house horse how who [w] when what where window wind wood [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach [ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk [tr] tree country try treat track trunk [dr] dry dream drop drive drink [ts] students boots boats goats nuts [dz] goods woods moods hoods 26個(gè)英文字母及發(fā)音音標(biāo)如下: A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed] 精選word范本！ 英語(yǔ)發(fā)音規(guī)則 一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a 在開音節(jié)中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節(jié)中 [ ] bag dad hat map black back e 在開音節(jié)中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在閉音節(jié)中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開音節(jié)中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在閉音節(jié)中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開音節(jié)中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no 在閉音節(jié)中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在開音節(jié)中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在閉音節(jié)中 [Q] bus cup jump much lunch 在開音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí)讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a [E] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn diffcult [ju:] popular congratulation January 動(dòng)詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate u處在開音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí),讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [Eu] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Q] come monkey love mother 四,-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ar ar在[w]音后面 [a:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday 輔音字母r雙寫時(shí),前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 are [a:E] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [ju:E] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音,例如:picture pleasure 重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時(shí),重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)音短化現(xiàn)象. 例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [aiE] air hair chair pair repair al在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost bald [a:] half calm au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year [εE] bear pear wear [E:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在 j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [Eu] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [Eu] know row throw though [Q] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [C:] journey ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七,非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音 元音字組或字群 讀 音 例 詞 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [Eu] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音或[i]. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFE n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture 八,元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號(hào),但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀. 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[ ] blackboard[C:] 有些詞隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨(dú)存在的意義,融合成為一個(gè)詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音. 例如: sun太陽(yáng) + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜 九,輔字組的讀音 輔字組 讀 音 例 詞 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前 [^] bag gardon go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節(jié)中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry -ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在詞首或清輔音前 元音字母間或濁輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [F] she fish shirt wash t在通常情況下 在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch th在通常情況下 在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 在詞尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than [T] clothe father weather tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 重讀音節(jié) 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié).用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié),多音節(jié)詞的讀音時(shí),應(yīng)使用重讀符號(hào).單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié),標(biāo)記讀音時(shí)不需要使用重讀符號(hào). 開音節(jié) ①絕對(duì)開音節(jié):單個(gè)元音字母后面沒有輔字組的重讀音節(jié).例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相對(duì)開音節(jié):單個(gè)元音字母后面加單個(gè)輔音字母,再加一個(gè)不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié).例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 閉音節(jié) 單個(gè)元音字母后面有輔字組(r w y 除外)且以輔字組結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié).例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則 多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)重讀. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion 詞尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個(gè)音節(jié)上重讀.例如:scien tific im pression nation