江蘇省邳州市高一英語 M2U1Grammar and usage課件 牛津版

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1、英語課件牛津版牛津版高一高一 模塊二模塊二Unit 1Present perfect tense & Present prefect continuous tense LEAD-INLook at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.1. We have studied English for about five years.2. They have lived there since 1990.3. She hasnt finished her homewor

2、k yet.4. Eric has just come back.5. How long have you been here?1.The form of the Present perfect tense:We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.have (has) +過去分詞過去分詞Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.We use the present perfect tense to talk about

3、things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.Note:2. The uses of the present perfect tense:I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now.Note :I havent seen

4、 your for ages.He has just gone out.It has been very cold lately.She has already finished her homework.He hasnt seen her since the meeting. Note: We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important.We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just

5、lately never recently since yet We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time, since + a point in time. Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. He has just gone out.(= He went out a

6、 few minutes ago.)I have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.)Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three timesThey say that they have been to Americamany times.Look at the sentence

7、s and find the difference:Tom has rung up three times this morning.Now it is still in the morning.Tom rang up three times this morning.Now it is not still in the morning.Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ centu

8、ry or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.Note:Point out what tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used. 1. We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.

9、3. Eric left home last year and has just come back.4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.5. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.1 _ you _ my pen? Yes, I_ it on your desk just now. (see)2 _ you _ dinner? Yes, I

10、 _ it with Mary. (have)3 _the postman_ yet this morning? _ the postman_ this morning? (come)HaveHavehadDidHaveComplete the sentences.seencomecomehadsawThe present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time exp

11、ressions which a fixed point in the past.Note:e.g.Bill has smoked since he left school.He still smokes.Bill smoked for six months.It means that he stopped smoking then.Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking. e.g.It has been very cold lately

12、 but its just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages. (But I see you now.) NoteNoteThe present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.e.g. Tom has had a bad car crash.Hes probably still in ho

13、spital now.Tom had a bad car crash.He is probably out of hospital now.(2) _ (3) _(4) _ (5) _(6) _ (7) _(8) _ (9) _(10) _ (11) _Answers for the diary:sawhas visited loves hasnt visitedhas seenhas never methas travelledhas foundhasnt foundHas, been LOOK AT THE SENTENCES:Sorry. Have you been waiting lo

14、ng?I have been waiting for an hour.PastOne hour agoPresentwaitingarriveThe form of the Present perfect continuous tense：We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.have (has) +been + doingThe uses of the present perfect continuous tense:We s

15、ometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.Answers of Dr Franks website(2) _ (3) _(4)_ (5) _ (6) _have been talkinghave been talkinghave been study

16、inghave seenhave been writingPresent perfect or present perfect continuous tense?She is still reading the book.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.She finished reading the book. She knows the content of the book now.Note:We use the present perfect

17、tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.Note: The present perfect continuous tense cant be used wi

18、th time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.How many times have you swum in the lake?How lo

19、ng have you been swimming in the lake?Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.A state verb or an action verb?1. I have had this camera for five years. 2. I have tak

20、en photos of UFOs with this camera. 3. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. state verbaction verbstate verbAn action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are li

21、ke, know and exist.Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A state verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used in a continuous tense.e.g.Theyve always had a big garden.H

22、ow long have you known each other?Hes been in hospital since his accident.Ive already been to Paris.Ive never visited Paris.Note:We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.How long have you been learning Englis

23、h?How long have you learnt English?It has been raining for a long time.It has rained for a long time.Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs whic

24、h can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc. Practice Make up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.Answers of part A on page 11: (1) _ (2) _(3) _ (4) _(5) _ (6) _(7) _ (8) _(9) _ (10) _(11) _h

25、eardbeen doingbeen researchingdonestartedachievedreadfoundstartedbeen drawingbeen making1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city.2. They have been travelling in a UFO. It looks like a saucer.Sample answers on page 11 part B3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as c

26、reatures on other plants.4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.高考鏈接高考鏈接1. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you want to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. (2010 北京北京) A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make

27、 D. havent made2. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010 福建福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised3. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. (2010

28、江西江西) A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering4. The book has been translated into thirty language since it _ on the market in 1973. (2010 重慶重慶) A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes5. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. (2010 湖南湖

29、南)A. shopped B. have shoppedC. had shopped D. have been shopping1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. Do you wearExercises2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long, she ought t

30、o stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam, _ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is

31、just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. It _ every day so far this month. A. is rain

32、ing B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained考點(diǎn)考例考點(diǎn)考例1. I havent heard anything from him yet. (P8)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，句中可以沒有具體但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，句中可以沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語?？隙ň渲杏玫臅r(shí)間狀語?？隙ň渲杏胊lready，否定，否定句和疑問句中用句和疑問句中用yet?？祭祭?-_ you _ him around the museum yet?-Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have

33、；shown B. Do；show C. Had；shown D. Did；show點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 此句強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的此句強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，即：是否已經(jīng)帶他參觀了博物館。影響，即：是否已經(jīng)帶他參觀了博物館?？祭祭? We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.A. dont meet B. wont meetC. havent metD. hadnt met點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 此句表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)此句表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。在造成的影響。2. He has sent me an e-mail,

34、 telling me about his travels around the world. (P8)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) V-ing 短語作后置定語，表示短語作后置定語，表示 V-ing形式和被修飾的名詞之間形式和被修飾的名詞之間 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?？祭祭? Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. saidB. says C. sayingD. to say 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 saying 修飾修飾a letter，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于which said .?？祭祭? Dont respo

35、nd to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searchingB. asking C. requesting D. questioning點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 search和和ask后面應(yīng)加介詞后面應(yīng)加介詞for；request意為意為“詢問詢問”；question意為意為“提問，盤問，審問提問，盤問，審問”。故選。故選C。3. Kelly: Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes. Ive been waiting for

36、an hour. (P9)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行，且開始的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行，且可能持續(xù)下去。有時(shí)含有不耐煩、責(zé)備可能持續(xù)下去。有時(shí)含有不耐煩、責(zé)備等感情色彩。等感情色彩?？祭祭? I have got a headache.No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 由語境可以看出由語境可以看出work動(dòng)作開始于動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

37、在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響，且過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響，且含有責(zé)備的口吻，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。含有責(zé)備的口吻，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?？祭祭? Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studiesB. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 句意：凱茜正在陽光學(xué)校的課堂上句意：凱茜正在陽光學(xué)校的課堂上做語法筆記，她一直在那里學(xué)英語，到現(xiàn)做語法筆記，她一直在那里學(xué)英語，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)一年了。在已經(jīng)一年了。Homework 1. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook. 2. Review Task part.