江蘇2017高考英語閱讀理解【推理判斷題】講解及選練(共13頁)

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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上 江蘇2017高考英語閱讀理解【推理判斷題】講解及選練（含答案） 閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo) 閱讀理解歷來都是高考英語試卷中難度最大、區(qū)分度最高的題型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要義；理解文中的具體信息；根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度等。下面我們來探討一下高考閱讀理解的解題思路。 閱讀理解----【推理判斷題】 推理判斷題主要考查考生對文章的深層理解和挖掘，往往針對作者的態(tài)度或觀點、文章的隱含意義、 文章的寫作目的、 文章的體裁或者出處來設(shè)題考查。題干中往往含有一些標(biāo)志性詞語: infer, suggest, i

2、mply, conclude等。 命題方式一般有： What can we infer from the last paragraph? What does the second paragraph suggest? What attitude does the author of the text have towards …? What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? 做推理判斷題時，考生要注意挖掘文章的隱含信息，從已知獲得未知，而不是憑空臆斷。很多文章，尤其是記敘文和議論文，其語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了作

3、者的態(tài)度、觀點及作者的寫作意圖?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀文章并找出反映語境褒貶性的關(guān)鍵性詞匯或句子，這對我們掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者觀點態(tài)度，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷大有好處。如： 真題摘選【1】（2013江蘇卷 C篇） If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He susp

4、ects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs 　　　. A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means B. gradually developed measures against the bends C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D. evolved an an

5、ti-decompression means but soon lost it 解析：根據(jù)文中信息，如果魚龍確實曾經(jīng)進(jìn)化得到了一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能，那么這種進(jìn)化一定會發(fā)展很快，但是奇怪的是，它們后來失去了這一機(jī)能。因此Dr Rothschild可能得出的結(jié)論是：魚龍沒有進(jìn)化得到一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能。 【實戰(zhàn)演練】 【2016高考訓(xùn)練】閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?

6、 If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us，then you'll_make_it! Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place：Manchester Hours：Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Don't

7、 miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role： You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them kn

8、ow they are valued. Skills and Experience Required： You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learni

9、ng disabilities.Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you. 1．The text is meant to ________. A．leave a note B．send an invitation C．present a document D．carry an advertisement 2．What does the underlined part mean? A．You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this jo

10、b. B．You'll arrive home just in time from this job. C．You'll earn a good salary from this job. D．You'll succeed in getting this job. 3．The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________. A．to get some financial support B．to properly protect themselves

11、 C．to learn some new living skills D．to realize their own importance 4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A．The one who can drive a car. B．The one who has done similar work before. C．The one who has patience to listen to others. D．The one who can use English to communic

12、ate. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一則廣告。廣告中招募志愿者，幫助智障人，讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 1．D　解析：考查推理判斷。從文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相關(guān)信息可知，短文為廣告。 2．A　解析：考查句意理解。從文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life”以及第二段中的“If yes，don't care about sex or ag

13、e！Come and join us, then you'll_make_it”可知，you'll make it意為“參加廣告中的志愿工作，你將讓別人的生活更有意義”。 3．D　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 4．B　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous care-related experience will be a gr

14、eat advantage for you”可知，以前有類似工作經(jīng)歷的人優(yōu)先。 真題摘選【2】(2013課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ A篇) Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. 57. What can w

15、e learn about the author? A. She rarely misses a good deal. B. She seldom makes a compromise. C. She is very strict with her children. D. She is interested in cheap products. 解析：根據(jù)文中第三段可知，作為一名一流的討價還價高手，作者知道每一美元的價值，由此推斷，她幾乎不會錯過任何一筆能獲利的交易，故選A。 【實戰(zhàn)演練】 （2015模擬題） Besides containing attractiv

16、e flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby. A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden.It is just a far more ecofriendly garden.Usually it is built lower than the g

17、round.Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(滲透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply. Thus，a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by p

18、lants in the rain garden，rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused.The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two.This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed.This is a simple，attractive，and ecofriendly “green” way to tr

19、eat storm water. What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.Without using expensive machinery and chemicals，rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%. Native pla

20、nts are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.They may attract local wildlife such as native birds.Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.Once nati

21、ve plants establish the necessary root system，they will require little care. Often，local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems.However，you don’t need to be a professionally env

22、ironmental engineer to create a rain garden.As long as you’re eco-conscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards. 1.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens? A.They are good for living conditions. B.They increase polluti

23、on. C.They can beautify the community. D.They improve the environment. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花園對環(huán)境有益，并不會

24、增加污染。故選B。 2.Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4? A.They can help reduce the pollution problem. B.They can keep the rain and storm water. C.They can be healthy for the people around. D.They can make the environment more beautiful. 答案　A 解析

25、　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園有助于減少污染。故A正確。 3.One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that . A.they cost less and are much easier to get B.they may attract local wildlife to come C.they

26、require little care from the local gardener D.they are more used to the local growing conditions 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句話“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.”可知，建議種本地的植物是因為本地的植物更適應(yīng)本地的環(huán)境。 4.What do we know about

27、rain gardens? A.They need little water after all the plants are planted. B.They may attract local birds and change the local climate. C.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week. D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句話“Water your rain garden im

28、mediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花園一周需要至少一英尺的雨水。故選C。 真題摘選【3】(2013課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ C篇) But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words

29、). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). 67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers? A. Favorable. B. U

30、ncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly. 解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段特別是astonished可知，作者對58%的人也產(chǎn)生了懷疑，故選擇C項。 【實戰(zhàn)演練】 真題摘選【4】(2013安徽卷 A篇) The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 59. The text probab

31、ly comes from _____. A. a guide book B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document 解析：本文介紹了對美國年長者健康生活習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果及專家建議。這是一份調(diào)查報告，出現(xiàn)的地方最可能是雜志，故選B項。 【習(xí)題選編】 閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案填空。B Four Must-See Route 66(66號公路) Attractions The United States is full of odd roadside attra

32、ctions. Route 66 is home to some of the oldest and most known attractions of them all. Here are four attractions you should see along the Mother Road: 1. Paul Bunyan and a Hot Dog Route 66 travelers pass by many?fiberglass?giants(巨人) right along the road. These giants were a popular form of advert

33、ising in the 1960s. Many of them stood in front of service stations. They held car parts, such as?mufflers. The collection of Route 66 giants became known as “Muffler Men”. Businesses hoped the strange statues would get travelers’ attention. The first fiberglass giant was a “Paul Bunyan” figure, bu

34、ilt in the early 1960s. It is said that Paul Bunyan is a famous?wood worker. 2. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica Ray Crown Candy Kitchen has been serving Route 66 travelers from the very beginning. It is just a few short blocks from the 66 path through St. Louis, Missouri. The family-run soda fount

35、ain shop opened more than 100 years ago, and has been making candies and meals ever since. On weekends, people sometimes wait in line for a table at Crown Candy for over an hour. Luckily there is free entertainment right outside. Jamaica Ray, a local folk artist, creates unusual sculptures. 3. The

36、 World's Largest Rocking Chair Fanning, Missouri, is home to one of the strangest Route 66 attractions. Just off the road sits an almost 13-meter-tall rocking chair. The structure was completed in 2008 on the first of April, or April Fool’s Day. At one time the chair actually rocked. But officia

37、ls decided it had to be still to be safe for ever. People are not permitted to climb the chair. We think, however, that it probably happens once in a while when no one is watching. 4. Big Texan's Steak Challenge Few places better represent the common expression “Everything’s Bigger in Texas” than

38、the Big Texan Steak Ranch. Since 1960, it has appealed to travelers with big appetites -- and a big love of beef. It is hard to miss the huge yellow restaurant -- or the giant cow statue that sits out front. The cow advertises Big Texan’s special deal, and what has made this steak ranch famous: a “

39、free” 72-ounce(英兩) or 2 kilogram -- steak. There is one trick: the steak is only free if you can eat the entire thing in one hour. A special table is in the middle of the restaurant for the?daring?diners who accept the challenge. Since 1990, more than 9,000 diners have eaten the entire 2-kilogram s

40、teak. 1、What was considered as “Muffler Men”? A. Hot Dog B. Jamaica Ray C. Car parts D. Paul Bunyan 2、Where will you maybe wait in line on weekends? A. Paul Bunyan and a Hot Dog B. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica Ray C. The World's Largest Rocking Chair D. Big Texan's Steak Challenge

41、3、If you visit The World's Largest Rocking Chair, you have to _______. A. get there in April B. climb up and rock it C. see it 13 meters away D. travel to Fanning, Missouri 4、What is Big Texan's Steak Challenge? A. The giant cow statue sits out of the huge ranch. B. Diners eat up the entire 7

42、2-ounce or 2-kilogram steak. C. The Big Texan Steak Ranch is the biggest restaurant in Texas. D. The daring diners sit around at a special table in the restaurant. 參考答案1—4、DBDB 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 (2013·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二調(diào)，C) Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday d

43、riving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS er

44、ror is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two. Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He

45、told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they were dr

46、iving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”． Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem w

47、orse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you th

48、e overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.” Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS d

49、evices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.” Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when y

50、ou use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.” Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (導(dǎo)航

51、) skills. “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given. Barry Brown says t

52、o make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)可以幫助人們找到想去的地方，但GPS也會帶來許多問題，所以使用GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)是否可靠變得不確定。 1．What is the best title for this passage? A．Is GPS system reliable to use? B．What is the use of GPS? C．Ho

53、w to make the most of GPS? D．Blame! GPS or Passengers? 答案：A　標(biāo)題概括題。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根據(jù)第一段可知，GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)可以幫助人們找到想去的地方，但GPS也會導(dǎo)致許多問題，所以使用GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)是否可靠變得不確定。所以A項最適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故答案選A。 2．What is the implication of the underlined part? A．GPS is just a garbage device. B．GPS will not correct human errors. C．GPS ad

54、justs your wrong destination. D．GPS is just as smart as human beings. 答案：B　句意理解題。根據(jù)畫線句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并結(jié)合上下文可知，畫線句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能糾正人類的錯誤。故答案選B。 3．Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage? A．Small screen. B．Timing of commands. C．Outdated maps.

55、 D．Dear cameras GPS uses. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句可知，A項是GPS的缺點；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，B、C兩項均是GPS的缺點。所以只有D項不是GPS的缺點。故答案選D。 4．According to the passage, people commonly believe that ________. A．you have to know where to go when using GPS B．you need to have new competencies to use GPS well C．GPS is proper for dr

56、ivers with little sense of direction D．GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps 答案：C　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為，GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)適合方向感差的人。C項符合文義，故答案選C。 （2015模擬題） The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses a

57、nd led to calls for laws to control the pollution. Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am.Within three hours，more than 25,000 w

58、eb users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China’s Twitter. They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(霧霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illne

59、sses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors about all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some peo

60、ple have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器). The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China’s t

61、op two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies’ outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，high-polluting gas fuel. Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan’s pr

62、oposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car-free days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public. Beijing is not the only ci

63、ty that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer

64、to. 1.Why did Pan Shiyi started an online survey? A.To investigate the public’s opinions on pollution. B.To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather. C.To call on more people to support his proposal. D.To collect supporting evidences for his proposal. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，潘石屹發(fā)起網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，是

65、因為他計劃向地方政府提交《清潔空氣法案》的提議(proposal)，首先排除A、B兩項；再根據(jù)常識判斷，網(wǎng)上發(fā)起投票調(diào)查，是為了收集提議受到支持的證據(jù)，使其更具說服力，故答案選D。 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather. B.Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses. C.Smog is worse for people with lower resista

66、nce to diseases. D.Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知選C，霧霾導(dǎo)致呼吸性系統(tǒng)疾病的增長，尤其在老人和兒童中(抵抗力較低的人群)。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知A項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知B項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知D項錯誤。 3.Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to . A.suggest Beijing should learn from other countries B.let people know many places have this problem C.tell people the situation in Britain is worse D.call on the government to pass Britain’s Clean Air Act 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文最后一句可推斷出，舉例是建議北京向英