《StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所課件（14頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Stem Cells and DiabetesThe PresentThe Present StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所BackgroundnDiabetes affects more people and causes more deaths each year than breast cancer and AIDS combined.nThe American
2、Diabetes Association estimates that 16 million people, 5.9% of the U.S. population, currently has some type of diabetes.StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所What is diabetes?ngroup of diseasesnabnormally high levels of glucose in the bloodnpossible complications include b
3、lindness, stroke, kidney failure, heart disease, poor circulation, and amputationStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Type 1 Diabetesnjuvenile-onsetntypically affects children and young adultsnimmune system attacks and destroys beta cells ( cells) in the islets of Langerh
4、ans of the pancreas that normally produce insulinnglucose does not enter the cells and therefore accumulates in the bloodStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Type 2 Diabetesnadult-onset diabetesntypically affects older, sedentary, and overweight individuals with a family
5、history of diabetesnbody cannot use insulin effectivelyndue to insulin resistance, glucose accumulates in the bloodStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Role of Pancreas in DiabetesStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所What is insulin?npeptide ho
6、rmone nsynthesized within the cells of the islets of Langerhans located in the pancreasnaffects metabolism and other body functionsncauses cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the bloodstreamStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Role of Pancre
7、as in DiabetesStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Question:In type I diabetics, is it possible to get cells to produce insulin?ntwo possible sources of cells existing cells adult stem cellsStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所What are adult st
8、em cells?They are:nundifferentiated cells that occur in differentiated tissue nable to make identical copies of themselves nable to yield specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originatedndo not replicate indefinitely in cultureStemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德
9、休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Researchers are Investigating:nIs it possible to activate the differentiation of adult stem cells present in the pancreas in order to produce needed insulin in type I diabetics?nWhat advantage/disadvantage would this have over organ/islet transplantation or insulin injection?StemCellsandDiabe
10、tesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Researchers Would Need to Know:nAre there adult stem cells present in the pancreas that differentiate into beta cells?nAre adult pancreatic beta cells formed by self-duplication, stem cell differentiation, or a combination of the two processes?StemCell
11、sandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Mouse-Model StudyA pulse-chase experiment performed by Professor Douglas Melton and his team provides important information about how beta cells are replaced. StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所Keep in mind that cells are replaced by:nAdult stem cellsnMitotic division of existing cellsnCombination of the two
StemCellsandDiabetesHowardHughesMedicalInstitute干細(xì)胞與糖尿病霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所課件
