南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2016年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題

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南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2016年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題 考生答題須知： 1． 所有題目（包括填空、選擇、圖表等類型題目）答題答案必須做在考點(diǎn)發(fā)給的答題紙上，做在本試題冊上無效。請(qǐng)考生務(wù)必在答題紙上寫清題號(hào)。 2． 評(píng)卷時(shí)不評(píng)閱本試題冊，答題如有做在本試題冊上而影響成績的，后果由考生自己負(fù)責(zé)。 3． 答題時(shí)一律使用藍(lán)、黑色墨水筆或圓珠筆作答（畫圖可用鉛筆），用其它筆答題不給分。 4． 答題時(shí)不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液等具有明顯標(biāo)記的涂改用品。 PART I Vocabulary (15points) Section A Directions: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word. 1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor. A. demand B. view C. request D. opinion 2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best. A. written-about B. productive C. artful D. religious 3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didnt show. A. enlightenment B. astonishment C. annoyance D. contrariness 4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily. A. fearlessly B. confidently C. silently D. prudently 5. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed. A. recommended B. reproached C. recompensed D. reversed 6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations. A. traces B. shards C. products D. artifacts 7. Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping. A. extravagant B. careful C. impotent D. impulsive 8. Pan of his general thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses. A. painstaking B. dilatory C. meretricious D. gaudy 9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendants trial for murder. A. a decision of guilty B. a decision to punish by electrocution C. an impasse D. an unusual verdict 10. Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors. A. guidance B. sovereignty C. authority D. suzerainty 11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse. A. extravagant B. produced C. divergent D. repetitious 12. Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional. A. permanent B. temporary C. corrupt D. craven 13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found. A. demolished B. took over C. inhabited D. thoroughly searched 14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium. A. millionaires B. endorsements C. governments D. donations 15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned. A. overlooked B. praise C. condemned D. satisfied Section B Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he ________ all communication with the group. A. convert B. averted C. severed D. make 17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _____. A. attainable B. remote C. imminent D. eminent 18. All of the dental instruments need to be _______ before the next patient is seen. A. heated B. scalded C. sterilized D. burned 19. Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to ________ the steepest face with great agility. A. scale B. surpass C. overcome D. mount 20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ________ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately. A. assign B. detach C. attach D. dispatch 21. His evident _______ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity. A. personality B. character C. fidelity D. morality 22. I dont know why he has been given ________. It wasnt his accomplishment but his wifes. A. acclaim B. confidence C. reimbursement D. robustness 23. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U. S., he will _______ work on a five-language opera. A. confine B. indulge C. resume D. undergo 24. When Ph. D candidates ________ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective universities. A. anticipate B. assume C. apply D. demand 25. My supply of confidence slowly ________ as the deadline approached. A. withdrew B. eliminated C. exterminated D. diminished 26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the ________ of the progress of the war. A. prospective B. respective C. perspective D. prescriptive 27. It has long been known that total sleep ________ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A. deposition B. destruction C. deprivation D. reduction 28. In that country, hospital doctors dont go sightseeing very often because their work ________ almost all their time. A. takes up B. takes off C. takes apart D. takes over 29. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ________ before the General Election. A. decomposed B. dispersed C. dissolved D. disintegrated 30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ________ the consequences. A. answer for B. run into C. abide by D. step into PART Ⅱ Grammar (15 points) Section A Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence. 31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountain range and thousands flock to the Alps A B C each year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions. D 32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and it A B was in this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown. C D 33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburgs main street, A B the classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye. C D 34. She is furious of her sons grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julias high A B C marks on the exam. D 35. Smog-choked Southern California demands them. Its a car for people who never want to go A to a gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been a B C hard-sell. D 36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fish A B their long life-span. Of course, it hasnt done a lot of good for these carp. C D 37. In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximum A personal ability rating, when they are challenged but can he victorious, rather than merely B C surmounting the mediocre. D 38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke from A B a genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades. C D 39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack, A B C thus caused the delay in the advance. D 40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas evening A B C when peace and calm return to the household. D 41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basic process. A B C D 42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemployment A B and closures than in previous years. C D 43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform, A B abusing children and toxic waste. C D 44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochesters wrath by not listening to his prohibitions, A B while a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffled C D step on the carpet. 45. The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive social A B C D groupings. Section B Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank. 46. ________ that the earth was flat? A. Used it to be thought B. Did it used to be thought C. Was it need to being thought D. Does it used to be thought 47. It is most inappropriate ________ in the college VIP lounge. A. for any students to be there B. for there to be any students C. to be any students there D. to have there any students 48. She ________ much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions. A. got B. would have got C. had got D. would be getting 49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, ________. A. whether they are future physicists or chemists. B. be they future physicists or chemists. C. they are future physicists or chemists. D. they should be future physicists or chemists. 50. The general opinion is that he is ________ to complain. A. so much a milquetoast B. too a milquetoast C. too much of a milquetoast D. so much of a milquetoast 51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably dear that in certain countries - Rwanda, Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage, ________ a policy decision or the political situation. A. than of B. rather than C. but the result of D. than is 52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of spaceship Earth as ________ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams. A. do B. does C. play D. are 53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ________ last week. A. to be started B. to have started C. to have been starting D. start 54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _______ its grammatical structure. A. the same are B. and so are C. as did D. and so were 55. Although money is always useful, it isnt all ________. A. what there is to life B. to which there is in life C. there is to life D. that is in life 56. ________ ever so humble, theres no plane like home. A. It be B. Be it C. It was D. Was it 57. ________ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate, perhaps only to the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists. A. Nearly B. It is nearly C. That nearly D. When nearly 58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it. A. but B. the C. match D. any 59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is ________. A. three times more the world average B. three times as much the world average C. three times the world average D. the world average is three times 60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is ________ heard by jungle dwellers ________ feelings of unease, for a year does not elapse without victims falling to the tigers ferocity. A. always...with B. ever...without C. ever...with D. never...without PART Ⅲ Clone test (10 points) Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning. One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production-capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring __61__ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, 62 have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 63 _that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 64 amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important 65 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and influence. There are many 67 with the thesis above, not the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 69 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 70 of some new industries indicates. 71 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 72 many new fines and made some scientists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be 74 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service 77 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the 78 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor. 61. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated 62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless 63. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution 64. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant 65. A. source B. factor C. component D. element 66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual 67. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials 68. A. them B. those C. which D. that 69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge 70. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery 71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short 72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated 73. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match 74. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized 75. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. mined out 76. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant 77. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries 78. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit 79. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming 80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemn PART Ⅳ READING OOMPREHENSION (30 points) Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1 Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that, unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case. Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves. Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis. 81. "Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage". The sentence means ________. A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor B. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor C. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wage D. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages 82. The classical school refers to ________. A. those scholars with traditional idea B. the traditional school C. the experts who hold to the standard theory D. all of the above 83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the ________. A. red money wages B. movement of price C. function of money-wages D. both A & B 84. “Their" method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized that ________. A. a fall