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編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 輪心堆焊機(jī)總體方案及減速器設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923112
學(xué)生姓名： 葛俊青
指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 輪心堆焊機(jī)總體方案及減速器設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923112
學(xué)生姓名： 葛俊青
指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華（職稱：副教授）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月20日
課題來源
來源于生活實(shí)際。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
環(huán)面蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計(jì)屬于機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)主要針對(duì)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)展開。為了達(dá)到求的運(yùn)動(dòng)精度和生產(chǎn)率 ，必須要求系統(tǒng)具有一定的傳動(dòng)精度并且各傳動(dòng)元件之間滿足一定的關(guān)系，以實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)零件的協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
此外，通過環(huán)面蝸輪蝸桿減速器設(shè)計(jì)的訓(xùn)練，可以進(jìn)一步提高我對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(包括設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、工程制圖等方面)的能力，使我在設(shè)計(jì)過程中培養(yǎng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ髯黠L(fēng)和獨(dú)立工作的能力，同時(shí)也加深了我識(shí)圖、制圖、運(yùn)算和編寫技術(shù)文件等的基本技能。
（2）減速器的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
國(guó)內(nèi)的現(xiàn)狀
減速機(jī)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展已有近40年的歷史，廣泛應(yīng)用于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)及國(guó)防工業(yè)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。主要行業(yè)有：電力機(jī)械、冶金機(jī)械、環(huán)保機(jī)械、電子電器、筑路機(jī)械、化工機(jī)械、食品機(jī)械、輕工機(jī)械、礦山機(jī)械、輸送機(jī)械、建筑機(jī)械、建材機(jī)械、水泥機(jī)械、橡膠機(jī)械、水利機(jī)械、石油機(jī)械等，這些行業(yè)使用減速機(jī)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量已占全國(guó)各行業(yè)使用減速機(jī)總數(shù)的60%～70%。
減速器在原動(dòng)機(jī)和工作機(jī)之間起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用，在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。
減速器具有的普遍優(yōu)勢(shì)是：高水平、高性能、積木式組合設(shè)計(jì)、形式多樣化、變型設(shè)計(jì)多等特點(diǎn)。
國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展概況
國(guó)內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動(dòng)、蝸桿傳動(dòng)為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動(dòng)比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)。由于在傳動(dòng)的理論上、工藝水平和材料品質(zhì)方面沒有突破，因此，沒能從根本上解決傳遞功率大、傳動(dòng)比大、體積小、重量輕、機(jī)械效率高等這些基本要求。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
參考指定文獻(xiàn)資料，了解減速器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及設(shè)計(jì)方法。根據(jù)給定參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)蝸輪蝸桿減速器，包括傳動(dòng)方案選擇、繪制裝配圖與零件圖。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
研究方法：該設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)，執(zhí)行件的設(shè)計(jì)以及設(shè)備零件等的設(shè)計(jì)。
首先，掌握環(huán)面蝸輪蝸桿的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、工作原理、進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研、收集資料、擬定、分析傳動(dòng)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)方案。
其次，根據(jù)給定參數(shù)選擇電機(jī)，計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置各部主要幾何尺寸。
最后確定傳動(dòng)件和箱體軸承座的結(jié)構(gòu)，和完成蝸桿軸系部件、箱體結(jié)構(gòu)以及傳動(dòng)件蝸輪結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，以及蝸輪、蝸桿零件圖的設(shè)計(jì)。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書
2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日進(jìn)入工廠實(shí)習(xí)，了解企業(yè)生產(chǎn)流程
2013年2月11日-2月16日查找一篇關(guān)于輪心堆焊機(jī)總體方案及減速器的學(xué)術(shù)性英文資料
2013年2月18日-4月20日繪制減速器裝配圖和零件圖
2013年4月22日-4月27日根據(jù)所下載的資料，構(gòu)思并開始寫說明書
2013年4月29日-5月3日"將整篇文章的脈絡(luò)、細(xì)節(jié)加以完善，用詞準(zhǔn)確，不出現(xiàn)病句等。
2013年5月6日-5月10說明書按照模板進(jìn)行修改
2013年5月13日-5月18日打印說明書和圖紙及相關(guān)資料
2013年5月20日-5月25日整理資料，并熟讀資料，做好充分準(zhǔn)備預(yù)期成果：
本課題的主要研究目標(biāo)是，通過設(shè)計(jì)堆焊機(jī)減速器，達(dá)到最終可以讓堆焊機(jī)減速器按工作要求來運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)作業(yè)。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
廣泛應(yīng)用在速度與扭矩的轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
本課題的重點(diǎn)：傳動(dòng)裝置各部主要幾何尺寸，并進(jìn)行軸、軸承、聯(lián)軸器、鍵的設(shè)計(jì)及校核。
本課題的難點(diǎn)：主要加工零件的工藝方案，總裝配圖及主要零件圖。。
前期已開展工作：由于設(shè)計(jì)資料少，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)不夠。我會(huì)查取各種相關(guān)資料，并充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得有用的設(shè)計(jì)信息。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)由于本人缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，中間會(huì)存在許多設(shè)計(jì)不合理的地方。針對(duì)此點(diǎn)我會(huì)主動(dòng)和指導(dǎo)老師聯(lián)系，爭(zhēng)取優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)良的完成。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine. Its main advantage BE:The.
?、?spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks；Power and speed scope
② applies are wide；
?、?spreads to move an efficiency high, =0.92.0.98；
?、?work is dependable, service life long；
?、?Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to； from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve like
The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.
Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.
Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive
Summary
This time graduate the design to have the contents a to design concerning the machine that decelerate the complets system.
Decelerating the machine is a kind of from close to move in the rigid wheel gear in the hull is an independent complete organization .Pass thisa design can then the first step controls general simple a set of complete designs step and methods of the machine.
This time graduate the design to introduce the type function of the deceleration machine and constitute the etc. primarily , made use of all.directionsly learned the knowledge .Such as:Machine graphics ,the metals material craft learns the theories knowledge that business trip etc.already learn. In actual production can analysis definitely reach agreement .The general type that decelerate the machine has:The cylinder wheel gear decelerates the machine ,cone wheel gear decelerates the machine ,wheel gear.cochlea pole decelerates the machine ,stalk park type decelerates machine ,assembles type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine .
Further educated in this time design independent ability that engineering design, set up the right design thought controls the in common use machine spare parts ,the machine spread to move the device with the simple machine design of method with step ,the consideration that request synthesize usage the request of economic craft etc . make sure the reasonable design project .
Key phrase: reducer rigidity technolic components/zeroporat
Precent/project
Planetary gear reducer gear reducer than the normal small size, light weight, high efficiency and transmission power range, etc, widely applied gradually. At the same time its drawbacks are: material quality, complex, high precision manufacturing, more difficult to install, design complex calculations than the average speed reducer. but on the planet as people drive technology further in-depth understanding and knowledge as well as the introduction of foreign planetary transmission and absorption of technology to drive the structure and contain its way are constantly improving, and continuously improve the level of production technology, can produce a better planetary gear reducer.
According to a general load of gear strength, geometric dimensions of the design calculation, and then to carry out transmission ratio conditions, concentric condition, the assembly conditions, design and calculation of the adjacent conditions, thanks to the number of planetary gear transmission, also must be contained institutions and the design of floating volume calculation.
Planetary gear drive according to the composition of basic enough pieces can be divided into: 2KH, 3K, and KHV are three. If the meshing of gears by the way, can be divided into: NGW-type, NN-based, WW-type, WGW type, NGWN type and N-type and so on. I designed planetary gear is 2KH NGW planetary transmission type.
● What is the ball screw?
So that the movement of objects, generally speaking, the movement will need to generate power, directly or indirectly through other organizations to convey to the Department of the final movement. Case of the automobile, gasoline engine, due to the combustion piston to move up and down, and through intermediaries ultimately delivered to the wheels to make it happen rotary motion.
Today's world, able to represent the mechanical and plant a variety of sports organizations, we can say without exception, have some form of motor conduction institutions. Ball screw is rotary motion into linear motion, or linear motion into rotary motion of the most reasonable product.
● ball screw specialties
1, compared with the sliding torque of ball screw 1 / 3
As the ball screw of the screw shaft and the wire between the mother doing a lot of ball rolling motion, so the movement can get higher efficiency. And compared to the last slide ball screw drive torque to 1 / 3 of the following, that is required to achieve the same results of dynamic movement to use the scroll ball screw 1 / 3. Was helpful in saving.
2, high precision to ensure
Ball screw is made in Japan De mechanical device world's highest level of coherence produced, especially in research and cutting, assembly, Jian Chage processes of the factory environment, the temperature ? humidity proce a strictly controlled quality management Youyuwanshan system so that accuracy can be fully guaranteed.
3, micro-feed may
As the ball screw is the use of ball movement, so a very small starting torque, does not appear as a creeping phenomenon of sliding movement can ensure accurate micro-feed.
4, no backlash, high rigidity
Ball screw can be added to the pressure, the pressure due to the axial clearance can reach negative values, and then get a higher rigidity (within the ball screw ball through to add to the pressure in actual use mechanical devices, because of ball The repulsion can increase the rigidity of the Department of silk mother).
5, high-speed feed may
Ball screw, sport, high efficiency, small heat, so can achieve high-speed feed (Sports).
First:what is reducer
Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions.
The reducer role
1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer.
2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia.
?????????? The type of reducer
General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines.
???????? Common reducer
1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.
2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input.
3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly
1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host).
2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants
Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment
1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance
3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth.
4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4
Third, seal requirements
1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal;
2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface;
3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements
Forth, lubrication requirements
1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades
2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3.
3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 ~ 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil.
Fifth, the test requirements
1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours;
2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC;
3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the
Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements
1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging;
2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements.
Seventh. Technical requirements
1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice;
2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times;
3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts;
4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: φ40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, φ55 0.08 - 0.15 mm;
5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler;
6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;
Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation
First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60's start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90's initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful " stable motion speed reducer gear " to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.
Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in cou