鉆四槽銑床與夾具圖紙
鉆四槽銑床與夾具圖紙,鉆四槽,銑床,夾具,圖紙
遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）說(shuō) 明 書(shū)
題 目 套筒十字槽銑削專機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 劉 紹 鑫
學(xué) 院 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
專 業(yè) 班 級(jí) 機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化（涉外機(jī)械）
學(xué) 號(hào) 0407110214
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 晁 彩 霞
目 錄
第一章 前言····················································3
1.1 銑床簡(jiǎn)介················································· 3
1.1.1 銑床的發(fā)展歷史··········································· 3
1.1.2 銑床的分類··············································· 3
第二章 銑床內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的各項(xiàng)性能校核······························· 4
2.1 確定電動(dòng)機(jī)類型············································· 4
2.2 外部傳動(dòng)件的校核············································4
2.2.1 帶傳動(dòng)各項(xiàng)性能校核·········································· 5
2.2.2 齒輪傳動(dòng)各項(xiàng)性能校核·········································7
2.2.3 軸的各項(xiàng)性能校核計(jì)算·········································9
第三章 附銑床各圖················································ 12
文獻(xiàn)參考·················································· 13
前言
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是學(xué)生在學(xué)完教學(xué)計(jì)劃所規(guī)定的全部課程后，總結(jié)在校學(xué)習(xí)成果，應(yīng)用自己所學(xué)知識(shí)和能力進(jìn)行的一次綜合性的大實(shí)踐，在校學(xué)習(xí)的最后一環(huán)，必將對(duì)畢業(yè)后的工作產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)培養(yǎng)和鍛煉自己對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的靈活應(yīng)用，通過(guò)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，可以掌握正確的設(shè)計(jì)方法和設(shè)計(jì)思維方法，進(jìn)一步提高自己有關(guān)機(jī)械制造工藝及設(shè)備方面的設(shè)計(jì)能力，提高制圖、計(jì)算、文字?jǐn)⑹?、運(yùn)用各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范、手冊(cè)的能力，學(xué)會(huì)調(diào)查研究、理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際、鍛煉查閱、分析研究國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)資料的能力，鞏固并擴(kuò)大知識(shí)領(lǐng)域和視野，學(xué)習(xí)本專業(yè)范圍內(nèi)與設(shè)計(jì)題目有關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，使自己得到更好的鍛煉，以能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作的需要。
隨著現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工業(yè)的發(fā)展，機(jī)床的種類越來(lái)越繁多，機(jī)床的功能越來(lái)越多，為了適應(yīng)當(dāng)今機(jī)械生產(chǎn)中的特殊要求，專用機(jī)床的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。之所以選擇套筒十字槽銑削專機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)作為我的設(shè)計(jì)題目，是因?yàn)槲野l(fā)現(xiàn)以前的銑床雖然功能不少，但是有很多不足之處，比如對(duì)工件大批量生產(chǎn)不能滿足，而且生產(chǎn)效率不高，對(duì)一些有特殊要求的工件也不能進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn)。基于這個(gè)前提，我選擇了銑削類的專機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)，主要是針對(duì)套筒十字槽的銑削進(jìn)行加工。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)，可以生產(chǎn)出一種銑床滿足套筒十字槽的銑削標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化批量生產(chǎn)，這種銑床既可以滿足特殊的加工要求又節(jié)省了時(shí)間、減少了勞動(dòng)力。本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是設(shè)計(jì)出一種銑削類的專用機(jī)床，讓它只對(duì)套筒十字槽這一類材料進(jìn)行銑削加工。本機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、集中化程度高、針對(duì)性強(qiáng)、工作效率高、能夠適應(yīng)在生產(chǎn)批量大的生產(chǎn)中的要求。它既提高了生產(chǎn)效率，又簡(jiǎn)化了操作程序，而且減輕了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。
由于較早以前的銑床應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域比較狹窄，并且對(duì)加工特殊要求的工件還不能滿足，這樣就引起了一場(chǎng)技術(shù)革命，銑床得到了廣泛改進(jìn)，它的應(yīng)用范圍也大幅度擴(kuò)大，對(duì)銑床新的技術(shù)研究從未停止過(guò)。銑床是用多刃銑刀進(jìn)行銑削加工的機(jī)床，銑刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)為主運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于平面的銑削比刨削生產(chǎn)效率高，因此，早先的銑床是取代刨床而出現(xiàn)的。后來(lái)刀具技術(shù)提高了，能夠制造各種復(fù)雜形狀的銑刀，因而銑床從銑削平面擴(kuò)大到能加工各種溝槽、螺旋面、回轉(zhuǎn)面、齒形面以及復(fù)雜的空間曲面。銑床的類型較多，為適應(yīng)加工工件的尺寸和重量，銑床的類型有：升降臺(tái)銑床、無(wú)升降臺(tái)銑床和龍門(mén)銑床；為適應(yīng)批量生產(chǎn)的有：圓工作臺(tái)銑床、雙端面銑床和鼓輪銑床；為適應(yīng)某些特殊工件加工而發(fā)展的有：工具銑床、鍵槽銑床、曲軸銑床；為適應(yīng)加工復(fù)雜曲面的有：液壓仿形銑床、電氣仿形銑床、數(shù)字程序控制銑床等。此外，還有與鏜削加工相結(jié)合的銑鏜床以及與磨削加工相結(jié)合的銑磨床。
當(dāng)然在銑床中夾具的設(shè)計(jì)也是至關(guān)重要的，由于夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的隨機(jī)因素較多，目前仍有許多企業(yè)沿用傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法來(lái)完成，即由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工藝人員人工設(shè)計(jì)(或借助二維CAD設(shè)計(jì))。很顯然，這種設(shè)計(jì)方法在很大程度土受夾具設(shè)計(jì)者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)水平的限制，且設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)，設(shè)計(jì)效率低，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，已不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)。因此，開(kāi)發(fā)出實(shí)用的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)是解決這一間題的重要方法和手段。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)可以分為概念設(shè)計(jì)、技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)三個(gè)階段。概念設(shè)計(jì)是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)中最關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),它影響著后續(xù)的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì),是決定夾具方案優(yōu)劣的重要階段。由于銑削加工切削用量及切削力較大，又是多刃斷續(xù)切削，加工時(shí)易產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)，因此設(shè)計(jì)銑床夾具時(shí)應(yīng)注意：夾緊力要足夠且反行程自鎖；夾具的安裝要準(zhǔn)確可靠，即安裝及加工時(shí)要正確使用定向鍵、對(duì)刀裝置；夾具體要有足夠的剛度和穩(wěn)定性，結(jié)構(gòu)要合理。
銑床是用銑刀對(duì)工件進(jìn)行銑削加工的機(jī)床。銑床除能銑削平面、溝槽、輪齒、螺紋和花鍵軸外，還能加工比較復(fù)雜的型面，效率較刨床高，在機(jī)械制造和修理部門(mén)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
本次設(shè)計(jì)主要包括兩大部分。
第一部分為套筒十字槽銑削專機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括銑床的基本尺寸的選擇、電機(jī)的選擇、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和銑刀的選擇。
首先，銑床的基本尺寸主要參考常用銑床的外形尺寸，并根據(jù)它的需要來(lái)確定?？筛鶕?jù)45鋼的切削性能及銑削時(shí)的銑削用量和銑削速度來(lái)估算出銑削力和銑削功率來(lái)，并根據(jù)銑削功率選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)。然后，根據(jù)所選電機(jī)的同步轉(zhuǎn)速和銑削速度來(lái)確定傳動(dòng)比，并用齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。由于是加工套筒十字槽的銑床，所以根據(jù)工件的需要，選擇最有利的銑削速度，不需要變速，采用單級(jí)傳動(dòng)即可。
第二部分為專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括定位方式的選擇、定位誤差的計(jì)算、夾緊方式的確定、夾緊力的確定及夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的的選擇、導(dǎo)引裝置的確定、夾具體的設(shè)計(jì)和夾具體在機(jī)床上的定位方式。
根據(jù)六點(diǎn)定位原理、套筒十字槽的特點(diǎn)及常用定位元件的種類，來(lái)確定夾具體的定位方式。由于零件在加工時(shí)，總會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤差，因此應(yīng)考慮工件的定位誤差。進(jìn)行定位誤差的計(jì)算，以保證定位誤差在零件加工誤差允許的范圍之內(nèi)。若不合適，則應(yīng)選擇更合適的定位方式，以確保零件的加工精度。為了使零件在被加工時(shí)保持位置不變，應(yīng)對(duì)零件在被加工時(shí)所需的夾緊力進(jìn)行估算。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合考慮零件的定位方式和加工方式，來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)適合的夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)。為保證加工精度，選擇合適的對(duì)刀導(dǎo)引裝置，保證工件相對(duì)于刀具處于正確的位置。綜合以上各方面的設(shè)計(jì)和各個(gè)裝置的相對(duì)位置關(guān)系，可以設(shè)計(jì)出夾具體的結(jié)構(gòu)。并且還要確定夾具體在機(jī)床上的定位方法和定位精度。這樣就完成了夾具的設(shè)計(jì)。
由于此次設(shè)計(jì)是根據(jù)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)加工中的需要來(lái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的，因此還從經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面分析了此次設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。另外，分析了此次設(shè)計(jì)相對(duì)于一般生產(chǎn)加工情況的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、此次設(shè)計(jì)的不足，和可能改進(jìn)的方法。
關(guān)鍵詞：銑削加工 復(fù)雜
The graduation project is a student after study the plan of instruction stipulated complete curriculum, summarizes in the school study achievement, applies itself to study a comprehensive big practice which the knowledge and ability carry on, in the school study the link, will certainly to have the profound influence last after the graduation work. The graduation project raises and exercises itself to study the knowledge the nimble application, through the graduation project, may master the correct design method and the design thought method, further enhances oneself related machine manufacture craft and equipment aspect designed capacity, enhances the charting, the computation, the writing narration, to utilize each kind of standard, the standard, handbook ability, the academic society investigation and study, the apply theory to reality, the exercise consult, analytical study domestic and foreign pertinent data ability, consolidates and expands the area of knowledge and the field of vision, studies in this specialized scope with the design topic related specialized knowledge, enables itself to obtain a better exercise, by can be competent future work need.
Along with the modern mechanical industry's development, engine bed's type is getting more and more, engine bed's function are getting more and more, to adapt now in the machinery production special request, special purpose machine's application is getting more and more widespread. The reason that the choice sleeve cross trough milling special plane design takes my design topic, is because I discover the beforehand milling machine, although the function many, but has many deficiencies, for instance cannot satisfy to the work piece production in enormous quantities, moreover the production efficiency is not high, has the special request work piece to some not to be able to carry on the volume production. Based on this premise, I have chosen the milling class special plane design, is mainly aims at the sleeve cross trough's milling to carry on the processing. Through this design, may produce one kind of milling machine to satisfy the sleeve cross trough's milling standardization volume production, this kind of milling machine both might satisfy the special processing request and to save the time, to reduce the labor force. This graduation project's goal is designs one kind of milling class the special purpose machine, lets it only carry on the milling processing to sleeve cross trough this kind of material. This engine bed structure is simple, the centralized degree high, pointed strong, the working efficiency high, can adapt in the production lot big production request. It both raised the production efficiency, and simplified the operation sequence, moreover reduced worker's labor intensity.
Because the beforehand milling machine application domain is quite early narrow, and to processes the special request the work piece not to be able to satisfy, like this caused a technological revolution, the milling machine obtained the widespread improvement, its application scope also large scale expanded, has never stopped to the milling machine new engineering research. The milling machine is carries on the milling processing with the multi-edge milling cutter the engine bed, milling cutter's revolving primarily movement. Because the plane milling is higher than the shaping production efficiency, therefore, the previous milling machine substitutes for the mechanical slicer to appear. Afterward the cutting tool technology enhanced, can make each kind of complex shape the milling cutter, thus the milling machine expands from the milling plane to can process each kind of trench, the helicoid, the plane of rotation, the tooth profile surface as well as the complex space-like surface. Milling machine's type are many, for the adaptation processing work piece's size and the weight, milling machine's type includes: Fluctuation bench miller, non-fluctuation bench miller and planer-type milling machine; Includes for the adaptation volume production: Circle work bench miller, double-end surface milling machine and drum wheel milling machine; In order to adapt certain special work piece processing to develop includes: Tool milling machine, slot-milling machine, crank milling machine; Includes for the adaptation processing complex surface: Hydraulic pressure profiling machine, electricity profiling machine, digital process control milling machine and so on. In addition, but also has the mill boring lathe which as well as the mill grinder which unifies with the boring processing unifies with the abrasive machining.
Certainly in the milling machine jig's design is also very important, are many as a result of the jig design process's random factors, at present still had many enterprises to continue to use traditional the design method to complete, namely designs artificially by the experienced craft personnel (or draws support from the two-dimensional CAD design). Very obviously, this design method in very great degree earth jig designer's experience and state-of-art limit, and the design cycle is long, the rated capacity is low, the labor intensity is big, did not adapt the modern technique of manufacture. Therefore, develops the practical computer auxiliary jig design system is solves this topic important method and the method. The computer-aided design may divide into the conceptual design, the technical design and the detailed design three stages. The conceptual design is in the computer auxiliary jig design a most essential link, it is affecting the following technical design and the detailed design, is decides the jig plan fit and unfit quality the crucial stage. Because the milling processing cutting specifications and the cutting force are big, when is the multi-edge interrupted cutting, the processing easy to have the vibration, therefore time design milling jig should pay attention: The clamping force must and enough counter-traveling schedule self-locking; Jig's installment wants accurately reliable, namely when installment and processing must use the directional key, install correctly to the knife; The jig body must have the enough rigidity and the stability, the structure must be reasonable.
The milling machine is carries on the milling processing with the milling cutter to the work piece the engine bed. The milling machine besides can the milling plane, the trench, the gear teeth, the thread and the spline shaft, but can also process the quite complex profile, the efficiency compares the mechanical slicer to be high, obtains the widespread application at the machine manufacture and the repair department.
This design mainly includes two major parts.
The first part for sleeve cross trough milling special plane's design, including milling machine's basic size choice, electrical machinery's choice, transmission system's design and milling cutter's choice.
First, milling machine's basic size main reference commonly used milling machine's external dimensions, and need to determine according to it. May act according to 45 steel time the cutting values and the milling milling amount used and the milling speed estimates the milling strength and the milling power comes, and according to milling power choice electric motor. Then, according to chooses electrical machinery's synchronous speed and the milling speed determines the velocity ratio, and realizes with the gear drive system. Because processes the sleeve cross trough's milling machine, therefore according to the work piece need, chooses the most advantageous milling speed, does not need to change speed, uses the single stage transmission then.
The second part for unit clamp's design, including the locate mode the choice, position error's computation, the clamp way determination, the clamping force determination and the clamp organization choice, guidance device determination, jig body's design and jig body's on engine bed locate mode.
According to six localization principles, sleeve cross trough's characteristic and the commonly used setting element's type, determines the jig body's locate mode. Because components in processing time, the general meeting has the error, therefore should consider the work piece the position error. Carries on position error's computation, guarantees the position error, in the components processing error permits in scope. If is inappropriate, should choose the more appropriate locate mode, guarantees the components the working accuracy. In order to cause the components when is processed the hold position is invariable, deals with the components when is processed needs the clamping force carries on the estimate. Based on this, the overall evaluation components' locate mode and the processing way, design the suitable clamp organization. For the guarantee working accuracy, chooses appropriately to the knife guidance device, guaranteed that the work piece is opposite in the cutting tool is in the correct position. Above the synthesis various aspects' design and each installment's relative position relations, may design the jig body's structure. And must determine the jig body's on engine bed localization method and the pointing accuracy. This has completed jig's design.
Because this design is needs to come according to the actual production processing to carry on the design, therefore has also analyzed this design feasibility from the efficient aspect. Moreover, analyzed this design to be opposite in the general production processing situation merit, this design insufficiency, with method which possibly improved.
1 緒論
1.1銑床的簡(jiǎn)介
最早的銑床是美國(guó)人惠特尼于1818年創(chuàng)制的臥式銑床；為了銑削麻花鉆頭的螺旋槽，美國(guó)人布朗于1862年創(chuàng)制了第一臺(tái)萬(wàn)能銑床，這是升降臺(tái)銑床的雛形；1884年前后又出現(xiàn)了龍門(mén)銑床；二十世紀(jì)20年代出現(xiàn)了半自動(dòng)銑床，工作臺(tái)利用擋塊可完成“進(jìn)給-決速”或“決速-進(jìn)給”的自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換。
由于較早以前的銑床應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域比較狹窄，并且對(duì)加工特殊要求的工件還不能滿足，這樣就引起了一場(chǎng)技術(shù)革命，銑床得到了廣泛改進(jìn)，它的應(yīng)用范圍也大幅度擴(kuò)大，對(duì)銑床新的技術(shù)研究從未停止過(guò)。銑床是用多刃銑刀進(jìn)行銑削加工的機(jī)床，銑刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)為主運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于平面的銑削比刨削生產(chǎn)效率高，因此，早先的銑床是取代刨床而出現(xiàn)的。后來(lái)刀具技術(shù)提高了，能夠制造各種復(fù)雜形狀的銑刀，因而銑床從銑削平面擴(kuò)大到能加工各種溝槽、螺旋面、回轉(zhuǎn)面、齒形面以及復(fù)雜的空間曲面。銑床的類型較多，為適應(yīng)加工工件的尺寸和重量，銑床的類型有：升降臺(tái)銑床、無(wú)升降臺(tái)銑床和龍門(mén)銑床；為適應(yīng)批量生產(chǎn)的有：圓工作臺(tái)銑床、雙端面銑床和鼓輪銑床；為適應(yīng)某些特殊工件加工而發(fā)展的有：工具銑床、鍵槽銑床、曲軸銑床；為適應(yīng)加工復(fù)雜曲面的有：液壓仿形銑床、電氣仿形銑床。
1.1.1銑床的發(fā)展歷史
1950年以后，銑床在控制系統(tǒng)方面發(fā)展很快，數(shù)字控制的應(yīng)用大大提高了銑床的自動(dòng)化程度。尤其是70年代以后，微處理機(jī)的數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)換刀系統(tǒng)在銑床上得到應(yīng)用，擴(kuò)大了銑床的加工范圍，提高了加工精度與效率。
1.1.2銑床的分類
銑床種類很多，一般是按布局形式和適用范圍加以區(qū)分，主要的有升降臺(tái)銑床、龍門(mén)銑床、單柱銑床和單臂銑床、儀表銑床、工具銑床等。 升降臺(tái)銑床有萬(wàn)能式、臥式和立式幾種，主要用于加工中小型零件，應(yīng)用最廣；龍門(mén)銑床包括龍門(mén)銑鏜床、龍門(mén)銑刨床和雙柱銑床，均用于加工大型零件；單柱銑床的水平銑頭可沿立柱導(dǎo)軌移動(dòng)，工作臺(tái)作縱向進(jìn)給；單臂銑床的立銑頭可沿懸臂導(dǎo)軌水平移動(dòng)，懸臂也可沿立柱導(dǎo)軌調(diào)整高度。單柱銑床和單臂銑床均用于加工大型零件。 儀表銑床是一種小型的升降臺(tái)銑床，用于加工儀器儀表和其他小型零件；工具銑床主要用于模具和工具制造，配有立銑頭、萬(wàn)能角度工作臺(tái)和插頭等多種附件，還可進(jìn)行鉆削、鏜削和插削等加工。其他銑床還有鍵槽銑床、凸輪銑床、曲軸銑床、軋輥軸頸銑床和方鋼錠銑床等，它們都是為加工相應(yīng)的工件而制造的專用銑床。 另外，按控制方式，銑床又可分為仿形銑床、程序控制銑床和數(shù)控銑床等。
2 銑床內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的各項(xiàng)性能校核
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
設(shè)計(jì)題目
根據(jù)提供的圖紙校核各零部件的各個(gè)性能參數(shù)是否合格
1.選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)類型
根據(jù)裝配圖上電機(jī)型號(hào)：查得Pd=0.75KW，同步轉(zhuǎn)速為1500r/min,滿載轉(zhuǎn)速1390r/min
2. 計(jì)算總傳動(dòng)比
i 1===96
取帶的傳動(dòng)比i=3.
i 0===32
注意：以上傳動(dòng)比的分配只是初步的，傳動(dòng)裝置的實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比要由選定的齒輪齒數(shù)或帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算，故應(yīng)在各級(jí)傳動(dòng)零件的參數(shù)確定后計(jì)算實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比，因而很可能與設(shè)定的傳動(dòng)比之間有誤差。一般允許工作機(jī)實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速與設(shè)定轉(zhuǎn)速之間的相對(duì)誤差為±（3~5）%。
3.計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)
各軸轉(zhuǎn)速
Ⅰ軸：n Ⅰ==r/min=463r/min
Ⅱ軸：n Ⅱ==r/min=14。5r/min
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
4.各軸的輸入功率
Ⅰ軸：
P Ⅰ=Pd·η 01=0.75×0.97=0.72KW
Ⅱ軸：
P Ⅱ=P Ⅰ·η 12= P Ⅰ·η 1·η2=0.72×0.97×0.99=0.7KW
5.各軸的輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩
T d=9550·=9550×=5.153N·M
Ⅰ軸：
T Ⅰ =9550·=9550×=14.85N·M
運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)的計(jì)算結(jié)果列于表2-5
6.帶傳動(dòng)確定設(shè)計(jì)功率Pd
（1）由表9-9查得工作情況系數(shù)K A=1.2
（2）據(jù)式Pd=K A·P=1.2×0.75=0.9KW
7.選擇V帶型號(hào)
查圖9-9。選A型V帶
8.確定帶輪直徑d d1、d d2
(1) 考圖9-9及表9-4，選小帶輪d d1=75mm
（2）驗(yàn)算帶速 由式（9-18）
V===5.46(m/s)
(v 1在5~25m/s內(nèi)，合適)
（3）從帶輪直徑
d d2=i d d1=3×75=225㎜
查表9-4，取d d2=224㎜
傳動(dòng)比 i===2.99(i=3)
(4)從動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速n 2
n 2===463r/min
9.確定中心距a和帶長(zhǎng)Ld
（1）按式（9-19）初選中心距a 0
0.7（75+224） a 021（75+224）
209mm a 0 6279mm 取a 0=1000㎜
（2）按式（9-20）求帶的計(jì)算基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度L d0
L d0=2 a 0+( d d1+ d d1)＋
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
=2×1000×(75+224)+
=2000+×299+
=2475㎜
(3) 查表9-2，取帶的基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度L d=2240㎜
（4）按式（9-21）計(jì)算實(shí)際中心距
a=a o+=1000+=883㎜
按式（9-22）確定中心距調(diào)整范圍
a max=a+0.03L d=882.5+(0.03×2240)=949.7㎜
a min=a-0.015L d=882.5-(0.015×2240)=848.9㎜
10.驗(yàn)算小帶輪包角α
由式（9-23）
α≈180°－×57.3°
=180°—×57.3°
≈170°〉120° （合適）
11.確定V帶根數(shù)z
（1）由表9-5查d d1=125㎜，n 1=950r/min及n 1=1200r/min時(shí)，
單根B型V帶的額定功率為0.51KW和0.6KW，用線性插值法求n 1=1200r/min時(shí)的額定功率值
P 1=0.51+×（1200-950）=0.6KW
由表9-6查得△P o=0.17KW
（2）由表9-7查得包角修正系數(shù)Ka=0.98
(3) 由表9-8查得帶長(zhǎng)修正系數(shù)K L=1.06
（4）計(jì)算V帶根數(shù)Z由式（9-24）
Z≥=≈2
（取Z=2根）
12.計(jì)算單根V帶初拉力F0
由表9-1查得m=0.1kg/m
由式（9-25）
F 0=500－[－1]+mv2
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
=500×[－1]+0.1×5.65
≈65N (取F 0=65N)
13.計(jì)算對(duì)軸的壓力F Q
由式9-27
F Q≈22F 0sin=2×2×65×sin
=4×65×sin80
≈259N
14.帶輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選定小帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑d d1=75㎜，采用實(shí)心式結(jié)構(gòu)，大帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑d d2=224㎜，采用孔式結(jié)構(gòu)。
15.選擇齒輪材料、熱處理方法及精度等級(jí)
（1）機(jī)床內(nèi)的傳動(dòng)是封閉式傳動(dòng)，無(wú)特殊要求，為制造方便，采用軟齒面鋼制齒輪。查表6-1，并考慮HBS 1=HBS 2+30~50的要求，小齒輪選用45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，齒面硬度217~255HBS，大齒輪選用45鋼，正火處理，齒面硬度162~217，計(jì)算時(shí)取HBS 1=240HBS，HBS 2=200HBS
（2）該傳動(dòng)為一般傳動(dòng)裝置，轉(zhuǎn)速不高，根據(jù)表6-2，初選8級(jí)精度。
16.按齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
（1）載荷系數(shù)K
（2）小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩
（3）齒數(shù)Z和齒寬系數(shù)Ψd
(4)許用接觸應(yīng)力[σ H]
由于是封閉式軟齒面齒輪傳動(dòng)，齒輪承載能力應(yīng)由齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度決定，由式（6-11）
d 1≥
有關(guān)參數(shù)的選取與轉(zhuǎn)矩的確定
由于工作平穩(wěn)，精度不高，且齒輪為不對(duì)稱布置，查表6-3，取K=1.2
T 1=9.55×10=9.55×10×=5153N·㎜
根據(jù)已知條件得知小齒輪Z 1=32,而大齒輪Z 2=58
實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比 i 12===2 故誤差△i<2.5% 故合適
齒輪比u= i 12=2
查表6-6，取Ψd=0.9 [σ H]=
由圖6-8（c）查得：σ Hlim1=590MPa
Σ Hlim2=555MPa
取S H=1，計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)
N 1=60n 1jL h=60×1390×1×(2×8×300×10)
=4.01×10
N 2= N 1/u=2.01×10
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
(5)節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù)Z H
（6）彈性系數(shù)Z E
由圖6-6查得ZN1=1.05 ZN2=1.15（允許齒面有一定量點(diǎn)濁）
[σ H] 1= ==620MPa
[σ H]2= ==638MPa
取小值代入 故取[σ H]=620MPa
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪=20°，則Z H===2.49
兩輪材料均為鋼，查表6-4，Z E=189.8
將上述各參數(shù)帶入公式得
d1≥
=
=109㎜
模數(shù) m=≥=2.1㎜
由表5-2 取m=2㎜
17.主要尺寸計(jì)算
（1）分度圓直徑d
（2）齒寬
（3）中心距
d 1=mZ 1=2×58=116㎜
d2=mZ2=2×32=64㎜
b1=Ψ dd 1=0.9×58=52.2㎜
取b1=57㎜ b2=52㎜
a=m(Z 1+Z 2)= ×2×(58+32)=90㎜
18.校核齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度
（1）齒形系數(shù)Y Fa與齒根應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)Ysa
（2）許用彎曲應(yīng)力[σ F]
由式（6-13）σ F=Y Fa1Y Sa1 ≤[σ F]
查表6-5得 Y Fa1=2.52 YFa2=2.32
Y Sa1=1.625 Y Sa2=1.70
[σ F]=
查表6-9c得=430MPa
=410MPa
查圖6-9C得 S=1.4
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
設(shè)計(jì)公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
Y=1 [δ]===307.14 MPa
Y=1 [δ]===292.8 MPa
σ F1=Y Fa1Y Sa1=×2.52×1.625
=7.34MPa≤[σ F] 1
σ F2=σ F1=7.34×
=0.96MPa≤[σ F]2
19.齒輪的圓周速度
V===2.33m/s≤5m/s
20.齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
見(jiàn)附圖
21.選擇軸的材料并確定許用應(yīng)力
Ⅰ軸
（1） 選用45鋼正火處理
（2） 由表15-1查得強(qiáng)度極限=600MPa
（3） 由表15-1查得其許用彎曲應(yīng)力[σ -1] b=54MPa
22．按挽扭合成強(qiáng)度校核軸的強(qiáng)度
⑴繪制軸受力簡(jiǎn)圖（圖28-a）
⑵繪制垂直面彎距圖（圖28-b）
圓周力F t===161N
徑向力F r=F ttg=161×tg20°=59N
法向力F a===171N
軸承支反力：
F RAV===1.2N
F RBV=F r+ F RAV=59+1.2=60.2N
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
計(jì)算公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
計(jì)算彎矩
截面C右側(cè)彎矩
M CV= F RBV·=60.2×=9.93N·m
截面C左側(cè)彎矩
M CV= F RAV·=1.2×=0.198N·m
⑶繪制水平面彎矩圖（圖28-c）
軸承支反力：F RAH=F RBH===80.5N
截面C處的彎矩：
M CH=F RAH·=80.5×=13.28N·m
⑷繪制合成彎矩圖（圖28-d）
Mc===16.5N·m
Mc===13.3 N·m
⑸繪制矩圖（ 圖28-e）
轉(zhuǎn)矩 T=9.55×10=9.55×10×=5153 N·m
⑹繪制當(dāng)量彎矩圖（ 圖28-f）
轉(zhuǎn)矩產(chǎn)生的扭轉(zhuǎn)剪應(yīng)力按脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變化，取α=0.6
截面C處的當(dāng)量彎矩為
Mec===16.8 N·m
⑺校核危險(xiǎn)截面C的強(qiáng)度（由式15-3）
δe===6.22〈54Mpa
∴強(qiáng)度足夠
23.繪制軸的工作圖
如圖Ⅰ所示
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
計(jì)算公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
24.選擇軸的材料并確定許用應(yīng)力
Ⅱ軸
（4） 選用45鋼正火處理
（5） 由表15-1查得強(qiáng)度極限=600MPa
（6） 由表15-1查得其許用彎曲應(yīng)力[σ -1] b=54MPa
25. 按挽扭合成強(qiáng)度校核軸的強(qiáng)度
⑴繪制軸受力簡(jiǎn)圖（圖28-a）
⑵繪制垂直面彎距圖（圖28-b）
圓周力F t===1485 N
徑向力F r=F ttg=1485×tg20°=540 N
法向力F a===1580 N
軸承支反力：
F RAV===181N
F RBV=F r+ F RAV=540+181=721N
計(jì)算彎矩
截面C右側(cè)彎矩
M CV= F RBV·=721×=40.376 N·m
截面C左側(cè)彎矩
M CV= F RAV·=181×=10.136 N·m
⑶繪制水平面彎矩圖（圖28-c）
軸承支反力：F RAH=F RBH===742.5 N
截面C處的彎矩：M CH=F RAH·=742.5×=41.58 N·m
⑷繪制合成彎矩圖（圖28-d）
Mc===57.96 N·m
Mc===42.8 N·m
⑸繪制矩圖（ 圖28-e）
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
計(jì)算公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
轉(zhuǎn)矩 T=9.55×10=9.55×10×=14.45 N·m
⑹繪制當(dāng)量彎矩圖（ 圖28-f）
轉(zhuǎn)矩產(chǎn)生的扭轉(zhuǎn)剪應(yīng)力按脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變化，取α=0.6
截面C處的當(dāng)量彎矩為
Mec===58 N·m
⑺校核危險(xiǎn)截面C的強(qiáng)度（由式15-3）
δe===50Mpa〈54Mpa
∴強(qiáng)度足夠
26. 繪制軸的工作圖
如圖Ⅱ所示
附件 圖Ⅰ
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目
計(jì)算公式與說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
附件 圖Ⅱ
參考文獻(xiàn)
1. 呂慧瑛、曹曉明、馬貴飛、周雪梅.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ).上海：上海交通大學(xué)出版社 2001年
2. 王少巖、羅玉福、史蒙、郭玲、劉鐵鑄.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)訓(xùn)指導(dǎo)書(shū).大連：大連理工大學(xué)出版社 2004年
3. 成大先、王德夫、姬奎生、韓學(xué)銓、姜勇、李長(zhǎng)順.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2002年
2 專用夾具設(shè)計(jì)
2.1 工件的加工工藝性分析
因采用立式鉆床，待加工孔處于垂直位置。若設(shè)平行于待加工孔的面分別為頂面和底面，則使多孔那面為底面，即定位基準(zhǔn)面。以基準(zhǔn)面上的直徑為的兩孔以及基準(zhǔn)面定位。
鉆模板應(yīng)垂直與定位基準(zhǔn)面，鉆套中心線與待加工孔中心線同軸。夾緊件由工件頂面向定位基準(zhǔn)面夾緊。采用螺旋夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)。
2.2 定位元件的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)
2.2.1 定位元件的選擇
工件在夾具中位置的確定，主要是通過(guò)各種類型的定位元件實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在機(jī)械加工中，雖然被加工工件的種類繁多和形狀各異，但從它們的基本結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，不外乎是由平面、圓柱面、圓錐面及各種成形面所組成。工件在夾具中定位時(shí)，可根據(jù)各自的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和工序加工精度要求，選擇其上的平面、圓柱面，圓錐面或它們之間的組合表面作為定位基準(zhǔn)。為此，在夾具設(shè)計(jì)中可根據(jù)需要選用各類型的定位元件。
在夾具設(shè)計(jì)中常用于圓孔表面的定位元件有定位銷、剛性心軸和錐度心軸等。工件以圓孔表面定位時(shí)使用定位銷定位；套類零件，為了簡(jiǎn)化定心裝置，常常采用剛性心軸作為定位元件；為消除工件與心軸的配合間隙，提高定心定位精度，在夾具設(shè)計(jì)中還可選用小錐度心軸。在此次設(shè)計(jì)中，根據(jù)泵體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)采用定位銷定位。
在夾具中，工件以圓孔表面定位時(shí)使用的定位銷一般有固定式和可換式兩種。在大批量生產(chǎn)中，由于定位銷磨損較快，為保證工序加工精度需定期維修更換，此時(shí)常采用便于更換的可換式定位銷。
圖2-1 所示為常用的固定式定位銷的典型結(jié)構(gòu)
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