2019版高考英語一輪復習 第一部分 教材復習 題組提分練21 Unit 1 Great scientists 新人教版必修5.doc

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題組提分練21 Unit 1 Great scientists 限時70分鐘　 完形填空　(2018東莞質檢)　體裁：記敘文　話題：興趣與愛好　難度：★★★☆☆ John Carpenter John Carpenter did not like to buy toys that somebody else had made. He liked the fun of __1__ them himself. The thought that they were his own work __2__ him. Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing __3__ it cost a great deal of money. He never tried to make __4__， but bought all his toys. “e and look at my horse，” said he, one day. “It __5__ a dollar, and it is such a beauty！” John was soon __6__ his friends horse, and he was examining it __7__ to see how it was made. The same evening he tried to make a __8__ one for himself. He went into the wood shed, and __9__ two pieces of wood—one for the head of his horse, the other for the body. It took him two or three days to shape them to his __10__. But what about the wheels? This __11__ him. With great efforts, he finally got some __12__ pieces of wood which could suit his __13__. Proud of his great __14__， he ran to his friend Tom, crying, “Now then, Tom, here is my horse. Look！” “Well, that is a __15__ horse，” said Tom, “Where did you buy it？” “I didnt buy it，” __16__ John, “I made it.” “You made it yourself! Oh, well, its a good horse for you to make. __17__ it is not as good as mine. Mine cost a __18__， and yours didnt cost anything.” “It was real fun to make it, though，” said John, and away he ran with his horse __19__ after him. Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are __20__？ Of course not, I will tell you. John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own. 1．A. collecting B. making C. doing D. inventing 2．A. concerned B. annoyed C. amazed D. delighted 3．A. since B. in case C. unless D. as if 4．A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 5．A. used B. cost C. wasted D. needed 6．A. searching B. feeling C. admiring D. attending 7．A. patiently B. casually C. willingly D. hurriedly 8．A. vivid B. mon C. similar D. rare 9．A. picked out B. gone through C. picked up D. came over 10．A. surprise B. regret C. relief D. satisfaction 11．A. excited B. cheered C. puzzled D. amused 12．A. flat B. rough C. sharp D. round 13．A. approach B. curiosity C. concern D. purpose 14．A. dream B. work C. house D. wood 15．A. funny B. horrible C. royal D. dull 16．A. asked B. replied C. reminded D. insisted 17．A. So B. As C. But D. After 18．A. pound B. bill C. note D. dollar 19．A. rolling B. slipping C. passing D. marching 20．A. for sure B. in vain C. available D. meaningful 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　約翰卡朋特喜歡自己做的玩具，并因為這個愛好成為一個工匠大師。 1．B　根據上文提到的不喜歡別人制造的玩具，他喜歡自己做玩具。make“制造”，符合語境。collect“收集”；do“做”；invent“發(fā)明”。 2．D　根據第1空前的the fun以及第19空前的real fun可知，對于他而言，玩具是自己制造的，讓他很開心。delight“使開心”，符合語境。concern“使擔憂”；annoy“使生氣；惹惱”；amaze“使吃驚”。 3．C　根據第4空后的bought all his toys可知Tom認為一個玩具除非是花很多錢買的，否則就一文不值。unless“除非”，符合語境。 4．A　Tom從不做任何東西，所有的玩具都是買的。anything“任何東西”，符合語境。 5．B　根據設空后的a dollar及主語it可知，該空應用cost“花費”。use“使用”；waste“浪費”；need“需要”。 6．C　約翰喜歡上了朋友的玩具馬，他耐心地察看，觀察它是怎么做成的。admire“欣賞；羨慕”，符合語境。search“搜尋；搜索”；feel“感受”；attend“出席；照顧”。 7．A　解析見上一題。patiently“耐心地”，符合語境。casually“隨意地”；willingly“情愿地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。 8．C　當天晚上，他就開始動手為自己做了一個類似的馬。similar“相似的；類似的”，符合語境。vivid“生動的”；mon“常見的”；rare“稀有的”。 9．A　他挑了兩塊木頭，一塊做馬頭，一塊做馬的身子。pick out“挑選”，符合語境。go through“經歷；經受”；pick up“撿起；接收；接某人；染上”；e over“順便來訪；過來”。 10．D　他花了兩到三天才做出自己滿意的造型。to ones satisfaction“令某人滿意的是”；to ones surprise“令某人吃驚的是”；to ones regret“令某人遺憾的是”；to ones relief“令某人寬慰的是”。 11．C　車輪怎么辦呢，這可把他難住了。puzzle“使……迷惑；難住”，符合語境。excite“使興奮”；cheer“喝彩”；amuse“使開心；逗樂”。 12．D　他費盡周折找到一些圓形木頭做輪子。根據生活常識，車輪是圓形的。round“圓的”，符合語境。flat“平坦的”；rough“粗糙的”；sharp“鋒利的；敏銳的”。 13．D　他找圓木頭的目的是做車輪。purpose“用途；目的”，符合語境。approach“方法”；curiosity“好奇”；concern“關心”。 14．B　馬是他的作品。work“作品”，符合語境。dream“夢想”；house“房間”；wood“木頭”。 15．A　根據第17空前的a good horse可知，Tom說這匹馬很有趣。funny“有趣的”，符合語境。horrible“可怕的”；royal“皇家的；盛大的；高貴的”；dull“乏味的”。 16．B　根據上文Tom問“你從哪里買的”可知，該處表達約翰回答說“我自己做的”。reply“回答”，符合語境。ask“問”；remind“提醒”；insist“堅持；堅決要求”。 17．C　前后語境是轉折關系，故用連詞but。 18．D　根據上文第5空后的a dollar可知，D項“美元”符合語境。 19．A　小馬帶有輪子，故應該是在約翰身后滾動著。roll“滾動”，符合語境。slip“滑倒”；pass“經過”；march“行軍”。 20．B　難道小馬真的一文不值，他的努力徒勞無功嗎？in vain“徒勞”，符合語境。for sure“一定的”；available“可得到的”；meaningful“有意義的”。 詞匯微存　①workman n．工匠； ②shape vt.塑造 完形技巧5　上下文中——尋信息 完形填空選項的設置多用以考查學生通過上下文的提示或暗示，對文意進行整體把握的能力。①聯系空白處的含義與前后句的意思進行合理推斷；②開頭的題目從下文中查找信息；③中間或最后的題目從上下文中查找信息；④常見信息多為單詞、短語、句子，有時是語境暗示。 　小題補練　 完形技巧5補練 1．需“瞻前” 【考例】　(2017北京卷)①... She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry ... More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canadas ________ and homeless. A. elderly　　　　　　B. hungry C. lonely D. sick 答案與解析　B　單獨就本空來看，四個選項都有可能。但是由前面的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，此處應該選用hungry。 ②(2017全國卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration ... After that, feeling the need to ________ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 答案與解析　B　根據上下文，尤其是關鍵詞explore可知，作者覺得自己有進一步“探索”美式手語的需要，故選B項。 2．需“顧后” 【考例】?、?2017全國卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman.But ________ apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian ____(passport)． A. benefits B. deposits C. restrictions D. examinations 答案與解析　C　由下一句可知，這張免費機票是有限制的，即名字必須叫Elizabeth Gallagher，還得持有加拿大護照，因此選擇C項。 ②(2016全國卷Ⅰ)One more look and he noticed ________ shooting out from under the _____(disabled) vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and _____(got_hold_of) the fire extinfiguisher (滅火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 答案與解析　A　由后面“Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out”可知，從損毀的汽車下冒出的是fire，故選flames“火焰”，而不是smoke“煙”。 3．需“瞻前顧后” 【考例】　(2015廣東卷)On the whole, our population is getting older. The ________ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _____(chances),_not disaster. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 答案與解析　A　聯系上一句話中的“getting older”和下一句話中的“such changes”可以判斷，人們壽命的延長和人口老齡化這些變化正對我們的社會發(fā)展和生活方式產生持久的影響，故選A項。 4．需通覽全文 有些題目依據上下文找不出答案，文中沒有明確的信息，只有通覽全文，把握主題，才能確定正確答案。 【考例】　(2016全國卷Ⅰ)One thing is _____(for_certain)—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His ________ most likely saved the womans life. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise 答案與解析　C　本題必須結合全篇內容才能解出。由上文內容可知，運輸司機Larry在路上冒險救人，因此此處應為Larry的努力挽救了那位女士的性命。本文為典型的“分——總”結構，前文敘述的是Larry的英勇事跡，后文是對Larry事跡的總結。 語法填空　(原創(chuàng))　體裁：記敘文　話題：社會　難度：★★☆☆☆ For his graduate thesis, a German student named Jorg rode 5,800 kilometers in China to learn about the Chinese Dream among ordinary people. Because 1.____________his interest in Chinese culture, he 2.________ (go) to Zhejiang University in 2015 for a master’s degree. “Whats your Chinese Dream？” This is the question 3.________ (raise) by him for every stranger he came across on his 100-day journey. Jorg learned the term “Chinese Dream” in 2013, 4.____________ has bee a buzz word in Chinese society. Eager 5.____________ (understand ) the true meaning of the term among ordinary Chinese people, he started his journey in May 2016. Jorg believes riding is 6.______ (nature), environmentally-friendly, and flexible. His trip covered 12 7.__________ (province), autonomous regions, and municipalities, from the northernmost city of Mohe to the southernmost city of Sanya. Jorg concluded that dreams of individuals are mostly related to wealth and 8.____________ (happy). From an official perspective (角度), the dream 9.____________ (paint) a bigger picture of national rejuvenation (復興), he noted. Though the people seek their own way to realize their dreams, they all believe that 10.____________ strong country is the prerequisite (前提), Jorg said. 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　浙江大學，有一位叫Jorg的德國留學生，騎行5 800公里穿越中國。從黑龍江漠河北極村，一直到海南三亞，這趟旅程歷經近100天，以了解中國人心中的“中國夢”是什么。 1．of　考查介詞短語。because of “因為”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。 2．went　考查動詞時態(tài)。設空處所填詞在句中作謂語，且句中時間狀語是in 2015，故謂語動詞用一般過去時，故填過去式went。 3．raised　考查非謂語動詞。設空在句中作定語修飾名詞the question, 應用非謂語動詞。raise與the question是邏輯上的動賓關系，故用過去分詞作定語。 4．which　考查定語從句。本句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the term “Chinese Dream”，指物，從句中缺少主語，故用關系代詞which 引導非限制性定語從句。 5．to understand　考查非謂語動詞。be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”。 6．natural　考查詞性轉換。設空處所填詞在句中作表語，應用形容詞，表“自然的”， 應填natural。 7．provinces　考查名詞的數。設空前是數詞12, 故該空應填復數名詞。 8．happiness　考查詞性轉換。設空處所填詞與設空前的名詞wealth共同作are related to 的賓語，故應用名詞，填happiness。 9．paints　考查時態(tài)。設空處所填詞在句中作謂語，根據語境“中國夢”描繪了整個國家和民族復興的更大遠景指的是現在的情況，應用一般現在時，故填paints。 10．a　考查冠詞。根據語境“一個強大的國家是前提條件”可知，此處應用不定冠詞a，表泛指。 短文改錯　(2018南陽模擬) Dear Ms Jenkins， Im Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from No. 5 Secondary School. I would like to offer my apology for unable to teach you to make Chinese knot this Saturday. The reason is that I have got a cold, but the doctor suggests that I must lie in bed for one week or so. But dont worry. I had asked a friend of mine, Han Meimei, to go here instead. He is very experienced in making Chinese knots. She will drop on at your apartment at 9：00 this Saturday morning. Please allowing me to say sorry again. I have the confident that you can learn how to make Chinese knots. Wish you a good time! Li Hua 答案與解析　 Dear Ms Jenkins， Im Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from No. 5 Secondary School. I would like to offer my apology for unable to teach you to make Chinese this Saturday. The reason is that I have got a cold, the doctor suggests that I 或 lie in bed for one week or so. But dont worry. I asked a friend of mine, Han Meimei, to go instead. is very experienced in making Chinese knots. She will drop at your apartment at 9：00 this Saturday morning. Please me to say sorry again. I have the that you can learn how to make Chinese knots. Wish you a good time! Li Hua ①unable前加being　考查非謂語動詞。介詞后面接動名詞作賓語，故此處需在形容詞前面加系動詞being。 ②knot→knots　考查名詞的數。knot為可數名詞，根據下文可知此處需要用名詞復數knots。 ③but→and/so　考查連詞。根據上下文意思，此處表示并列關系或因果關系，故此處用并列連詞and或so。 ④去掉must或must→should　考查虛擬語氣。suggest表示“建議”之意時其后的賓語從句謂語用動詞原形或“should＋動詞原形”。 ⑤had→have　考查動詞時態(tài)。本文為現在時態(tài)，故此處需要將過去完成時had改為have，用現在完成時強調對現在的影響。 ⑥here→there　考查副詞。根據句意應該是去your apartment，故此處用there指代。 ⑦He→She　考查代詞。Han Meimei為女性，故此處用She指代。 ⑧on→in　考查動詞短語。drop in at sp. 為固定的動詞短語，意為“拜訪某地”。 ⑨allowing→allow　考查祈使句。根據句中的Please可判斷出本句為祈使句，故應用動詞原形allow。 ⑩confident→confidence　考查名詞。have the confidence that ...“相信……”。 書面表達　(2018保定質檢)　體裁：應用文之通知 假設你是校學生會主席李華，新年到來之際，為了幫助學校留學生們更好地了解中國文化，學生會將舉辦一場新年聯歡會。請用英語寫一個通知，主要如下。 1．時間：下周五晚6：00—8：00； 2．地點：教學樓101室； 3．內容：學習包餃子；比賽用筷子；中國校園歌曲串燒、觀看武術表演等。 注意：1.詞數不少于100； 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 范文 Notice As New Year is around the corner, we are going to hold a New Year party. It intends to help the overseas students have a better understanding of Chinese culture. During the party, the Chinese campus songs will be presented in the form of good mixture. You will have to pete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks. Meanwhile, youll learn at the party how to make dumplings. Also you can enjoy Chinese martial arts (wushu) performance. The party is scheduled in Room 101 of the Teaching Building from 6：00 p．m. to 8：00 p．m. next Friday. Make sure you wont miss it. All of you are wele. Student Union