2019-2020年高三英語一輪復習 詞匯篇《詞匯專練》（含解析）.DOC

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2019-2020年高三英語一輪復習 詞匯篇《詞匯專練》（含解析） 2. bargain n. ①[C]便宜貨，廉價貨 ②[C]便宜，廉價 ③[C]交易，買賣 v．[I]討價還價 搭配 【練習】 英譯漢/完成句子 ①That car is a real bargain at $300. ________________________________________________________________________ ②她和商販講價錢。 She ____________ the trader ________ the price. 【答案】 ①那輛汽車300美元，真便宜。 ②bargained with; over 3. base n. ①[C]基礎，根據 ②[C]基地，根據地，總部 v．[T]以……為基礎 The facts are the base of the theory. 事實是這個理論的基礎。 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①我的觀點是以事實作為依據的。 I base my opinion ________________________________________________________________________ the facts. ＝ My opinion ________________________________________________________________________ the facts. ②根據西班牙傳統(tǒng)吉他音樂改編的這首歌很有趣。 This song ________________________________________________________________________ traditional Spanish guitar music is interesting. 【答案】 ①on; is based on?、?which is) based on/upon4. bear n. [C] 熊：a polar bear北極熊 v．[過去式bore ; 過去分詞borne 或born] ①[T]承受，負擔，承擔 ②[T]忍受，容忍(通常與can / could連用，用于疑問句或否定句中)[同stand; put up with; tolerate] ③[T]結(果實)，生育 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①這湖上的冰承受不了你的體重。 The ice on the lake will not ________________________________________________________________________. ②誰負擔這費用呢？ Who will ________________________________________________________________________? ③這棵樹不結果。 This tree ________________________________________________________________________.　　　　 ④我受不了被人忽視。 I cant bear ________________________________________________________________________. 【易混辨析】born, borne 兩者均為bear的過去分詞，但用法不同。 born 作“出生”、“出身”解時，只用于被動語態(tài)。還可表示“天生的”、“生來就……”的意思，用作表語或定語 borne 作“生育”或“結(果實)”解 【練習】 完成句子 ⑤She has ________________________________________________________________________ a son.　　　　　　　 ⑥She ________________________________________________________________________ in Beijing.　　　　　　　 ⑦He was a ________________________________________________________________________ poet.　　　　　　　 【答案】 ①bear your weight?、赽ear the expense?、踒ears no fruit?、躡eing ignored/to be ignored　⑤borne?、辸as born　⑦born 5. because conj. (引導原因狀語從句、表語從句)因為 【易混辨析】because, why 引導表語從句時的區(qū)別 because 引導表語從句時，表示原因 why 引導表語從句時，表示結果 【練習】 用because, why填空 ①He is ill. Thats ________________________________________________________________________ he didnt e yesterday. ＝He didnt e yesterday. Thats ________________________________________________________________________ he was ill. 【易混辨析】because of, owing to, thanks to, due to, on account of 這些介詞短語都可用于表示原因 because of “因為，由于”，作狀語，可置于句首或句中 owing to “由于”，作狀語或表語，可置于句首或句中 thanks to “多虧，由于”， 多用于表達正面意思，相當于感謝，作狀語，可置于句首或句中 due to 側重于原因，作表語或狀語，不置于句首 on account of 與because of同義，但較正式，作狀語或表語 【練習】 完成句子 ②由于交通路況不佳我遲到了。 I was late ______________/______________/______________/______________ the traffic. ③由于辛苦的工作，才取得了這么大的成功。 ____________/____________/____________/____________ hard work it was a great success. 【答案】 ①why; because　②because of; owing to; due to; on account of?、跿hanks to; Because of; Owing to; On account of 6. behalf n．[U]利益(僅用于下列短語) 搭配 【練習】 ①我代表第二組發(fā)言。 I am speaking ________________________________________________________________________. ②他為了你才這么說的。 He said so ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ①on behalf of Group 2?、趏n your behalf 7. behave v. ①[I]表現，舉止 ②[I/T] 守規(guī)矩，舉止得體 搭配 【鏈接】 behaviour/behavior n．[U]行為，舉止 【練習】 完成句子/英譯漢 ①他待她很差。 He ________________________________________________________________________ her. ②媽媽總是叫孩子們守規(guī)矩。 Mum always tells ________________________________________________________________________. ③He behaves himself like a man. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①behaved badly to　②her children to behave themselves?、鬯憩F得像一個男子漢。 8. belong v．[I]屬于 搭配 【鏈接】 belongings [復數] 所有物，財產 【練習】 完成句子/單項選擇 ①這本書屬于我。 The book ________________________________________________________________________. ②Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ to the welleducated. A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged 【解析】 ①belongs to me ②A　belong to不用于被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)，故選項B、C、D都不正確。句意：威廉姆斯教授一直告訴他的學生，未來是屬于受過良好教育的人。 9. benefit v. ①[T]使受益 (＝ do good to; be beneficial to) ②[I]受益 n．[U/C] 利益，好處 搭配 【鏈接】 beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①他的忠告使我受益匪淺。 I ________________________________________________________________________ his advice. ②新建的醫(yī)院會給這座城市帶來極大的好處。 The new hospital ________________________________________________________________________ the town. ③你的建議對我很有益。 Your advice is ________________________________________________________________________. ④這種藥對他的健康幾乎沒有好處。 The drug has ________________________________________________________________________ his health. ⑤She has the benefit of a good education. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①benefited a lot from?、趙ill be of a great benefit to/will greatly benefit?、踥f great benefit to me/very beneficial to me　④little benefit on ⑤她受益于良好的教育。 10. besides prep. 除……以外(還有) adv. 此外，而且 (＝ whats more; moreover; in addition) 【練習】 完成句子 ①除了湯姆，我還有很多朋友。 I have many ________ friends ________ Tom. ②今天下午除了看書以外，你還做了什么？ What else did you do this afternoon ________________________________________________________________________? ③我很忙，而且我也不想去。 I am very busy. ________________________________________________________________________. 【易混辨析】besides, except, except for, except＋從句， but, apart from besides “除……外”，指“在整體中加入一部分”，可和表示“部分”概念的詞another, other, else, more, as well等連用 except “除……外”，指“在整體中除去一部分” except for “除了……外”，用于修正或訂正某些事實 except＋從句 從句可由that，when，what，where等引導，表示“除了……”，不包括從句的內容 but 意思同except，常與不定代詞no, nobody, nothing, all, everything, anything及疑問詞who, where, what等連用 apart from 兼有besides和except兩種含義，根據上下文可用besides, except或except for替代；后接名詞、代詞或動名詞 【練習】 用besides, except, except for, but, apart from填空/單項選擇 ④It was dark in the city ________ a few weak lights. ⑤Does John know any other foreign language ________ French? ⑥Theres nothing ________ two chairs in the room. ⑦________ the salary, its not a bad job. ⑧________ being a little large, the hat looks nice. ⑨She es to school every day ________ it rains heavily. A. besides B. except for C. except that D. except when 【解析】 ①other; besides?、赽esides reading?、跙esides, I dont want to go?、躤xcept for　⑤besides?、辀ut/except?、逜part from/Except for?、郃part from ⑨D　it rains heavily是個句子，排除A和B項。根據every day可知，是除下大雨的時候，故選D。 11. best adj. 最好的(good的最高級)[反worst] adv. 最好地(well的最高級) n. 最好的(人或物)[用單數，加the] 搭配 【練習】 完成句子/漢譯英 ①你最好留下來。 It ________________________________________________________________________ stay. ②我們最好現在動身。 We ________________________________________________________________________ start now. ③他最喜歡足球。 He likes football ________________________________________________________________________. ④他至多是個成績中等的學生。 He is an average student ________________________________________________________________________. ⑤我要盡最大努力達到我的目標。 Ill ________________________________________________________________________ my goal. ⑥盡量利用你的時間。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ①is best for you to?、趆ad best?、踒est of all ④at best?、載o my best to reach?、轒ake the best of your time 12. blame v．[T]責備，責怪 n．[U] 過失，責備 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①那次交通事故不應該責怪司機。 The driver ________________________________________________________________________. ②他們怪罪秘書造成計劃延誤。 They blamed the secretary ________ the delay of the plan. ③他把失敗歸咎于他的老師。 He blamed the failure ________ his teacher. 【答案】 ①was not to blame for the traffic accident?、趂or?、踥n 13. board n. ①[C]木板，板 ②[C]甲板 ③[C]布告牌； a notice board布告欄 ④[C]委員會，董事會 ⑤[C](政府的)部 v．[T]上(車、船、飛機) (＝ go on board) 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①他從未乘過船。 He ________________________________________________________________________ a ship before. ②乘客們上船/上車/登機了嗎？ Have the passengers ________________________________________________________________________ yet? 【答案】 ①has never been on board?、趃one on board/ boarded 【易混辨析】board, aboard, abroad, broad board prep. 上(車/船/飛機) aboard adv. 在(車/船/飛機)上[同on board] abroad adv. 在/到國外 broad adj. 寬闊的 【助記】 14. bother v. ①[T]打擾，麻煩 ②[I]煩惱，麻煩，操心 n．[U] 煩惱，麻煩[同trouble] 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①不要打電話打擾我。 Dont ________________________________________________________________________. ②他總是用愚蠢的問題打擾我。 Hes always ________________________________________________________________________ foolish questions. ③別為那煩惱。 Dont ________________________________________________________________________ that. ④We had a lot of bother (in) repairing it. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①bother to phone me?、赽othering me with ③bother about?、芪覀冃蘩硭苜M力。 【易混辨析】bother, interrupt, disturb bother “打擾，擾亂”，指擾亂某人心緒而使之不安，強調“擾” interrupt “打斷，中斷”，指中斷正在進行的工作、談話等，強調“斷” disturb “打擾，擾亂，妨礙”，強調擾亂、妨礙平靜或正常秩序 15. bound adj. ①被束縛的，被綁的[同tied] ②(法律上或道德上)有義務的 v. [I]跳躍 搭配 He was bound to a chair. 他被綁在一把椅子上。 【練習】 完成句子/英譯漢 ①人質被綁在椅子上。 The hostage ________________________________________________________________________ a chair. ②我們有執(zhí)行這個計劃的義務。 We________________________________________________________________________ the plan. ③I am bound to my family. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①is bound to?、赼re bound to carry out ③我被家庭所束縛。 16. break v. ①[I/T]打破，打碎，折斷 ②[T] 違反，違背 ③[I/T]中止，中斷 ④[I](天)破曉 n．[C] 暫停，(工間、課間等)休息時間 搭配 【練習】 用介、副詞填空 ①Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken ________. ②Modern music has broken away ________ 18th century rules. ③We are sorry for being late, but our car broke ________ on the way. ④The peace talks have broken ________. ⑤Scientists hope to break ________ soon in their fight against cancer. ⑥Thieves broke ________ the bank last night and stole some money. 【答案】 ①up　②from?、踕own?、躣own　⑤through?、辤nto 17. bury v. [T] ①埋葬，葬 ②埋藏 ③遮蓋，覆蓋 搭配 【拓展】burial n．[C/U]埋葬，葬禮 a burial service 葬禮(＝ funeral) 【練習】 完成句子/英譯漢/單項選擇 ①他正埋頭在手機上發(fā)短信。 He ________________________________________________________________________ sending text messages on his cellphone. ②登山者被活埋在一堆巖石中。 The climbers ________________________________________________________________________ under a pile of rocks. ③He buried the treasures under the ground. ________________________________________________________________________ ④She buried her face in her hands and wept. ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤________ in his study, he didnt notice that the teacher had e up to him. A. Buried B. Burying C. Be buried D. Being buried 【答案】 ①is burying himself in/is buried in?、趙ere buried alive ③他把財寶埋在地下。 ④她雙手掩面哭了起來。 ⑤A　句意：他埋頭于學習，老師走到他跟前都沒有注意到。bury和主語he是被動關系，故用過去分詞；buried在句中作原因狀語，因此前面不用be。 1. care v. ①[I/T]介意，關心，關注 ②[I]照顧，照料 n. ①[U]擔心，煩惱 ②[U]照料，護理 ③[U]注意，小心[同attention; caution] 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①注意不要把這嬰兒吵醒了。 ________________________________________________________________________ that you dont wake the baby. ②她在照料我的嬰兒。 She is ________________________________________________________________________ my baby. ③只要你答應把我的照相機保管好就可以借去用。 You can borrow my camera if you promise to________________________________________________________________________ ________________ it. 【易混辨析】care about, care for care about 表示“關心；介意，在乎” care for 表示“喜歡；愿意，想要” 【練習】 用about, for填空 ④Einstein who cared little ________ money never cared ________ his salary. ⑤Would you care ________ some coffee? 【答案】 ①Take care　②taking care of?、踭ake good care of ④for; about?、輋or 【助記】 2. case n. ①[C]情況，狀況 ②[C](加the)事實，實情 ③[C]病例，患者 ④[C]案件，訴訟 ⑤[C]箱(子)，盒(子) 搭配 【練習】 寫出①—④句中case的詞義/完成句子 ①If this is the case, I must let him know it. ________________________________________________________________________ ②The police are investigating the murder case. ________________________________________________________________________ ③She dragged the heavy case up the stairs. ________________________________________________________________________ ④Theyll operate on the more serious cases right away. ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤你最好帶上雨傘以防下雨。 You had better take an umbrella ________________________________________________________________________. ＝You had better take an umbrella ________________________________________________________________________. ⑥如果他來，告訴我一聲。 ________________________________________________________________________, let me know it. ⑦我根本沒有注意到他早離開了。 In no case ________________________________________________________________________ that he left early. 【答案】 ①事實/實情?、诎讣、凼痔嵯洹、芑颊?病人?、輎n case it rains; in case of rain?、轎n case he es/In case of his ing　⑦have I noticed 3. catch v．[T] ①抓住，接住 ②趕上，搭上(車、船等)[反miss] ③理解，聽懂[同understand; follow] ④感染(疾病) ⑤撞上，偶然發(fā)現 ⑥吸引，引起(注意等) 搭配 【練習】 完成句子/英譯漢/單項選擇 ①老師捉住他考試舞弊。 The teacher caught him ________ in the exam. [被動語態(tài)] He ________________________________________________________________________. ②要是你耽誤很多課，你會很難趕上的。 If you miss a lot of lessons, its very difficult ________________________________________________________________________ __________. ③At rush hour we are often caught in traffic. ________________________________________________________________________ ④The painting on the wall caught my eye. ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤I didnt catch what you said. ________________________________________________________________________ ⑥The owner scolded the girl caught ________ flowers in his garden and let her off. A. picking B. to pick C. to have picked D. to be picking 【易混辨析】catch up with, keep up with 這兩個短語都有“跟上，趕上”的意思。 catch up with 指從后面趕上來，是短暫性動作 keep up with 指不落后于別人的狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動作。 【練習】 用catch up with或keep up with填空 ⑦別跑了，我趕不上你了。 Dont run — I cant ________________________________________________________________________ you. ⑧為了跟上那些優(yōu)秀學生，我們得努力學習了。 We have to work hard to ________________________________________________________________________ those excellent students. 【解析】 ①cheating; was caught cheating in the exam?、趖o catch up ③在交通高峰時間我們經常遇到堵車。 ④墻上的畫吸引了我。 ⑤我沒聽懂你說的話。 ⑥A　該題考查catch sb. doing sth.這一結構，其被動形式為sb. be caught doing sth.。該句中caught是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾the girl，相當于who was caught stealing。 ⑦catch up with ⑧keep/catch up with 4. certain adj. ①(作表語)確信的，肯定的，有把握的[同sure; 反uncertain] ②(作定語)(不指明的或不說出的)某個，某些[同some] 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①他確信會成功。 He ________________________________________________________________________ success. ②我們隊有把握贏。 Our team is certain of winning. ＝Our team ________________________________________________________________________ we will win. ③如果你這樣做一定會被發(fā)現。 If you do this, you ________________________________________________________________________ be found out. ④出門時一定要確保把門鎖上。 ________________________________________________________________________ the door is locked when you go out. ⑤我不敢肯定他什么時候來。 I cant say ________________________________________________________________________ when he will e. 【易混辨析】certain, sure certain和sure都有“確信的，肯定的”之意。 ①當主語為人或天氣時，sure和certain可換用。 ②在祈使句中用sure，不用certain。 ③在以it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句子中用certain，不用sure。 【練習】 用certain或sure填空 ⑥It is ________ that hell e. ⑦I feel it ________ that hell e. ⑧Hes ________ to e. ⑨Be ________ to e. 【答案】 ①is certain/sure of?、趇s certain/sure (that) ③are certain/sure to?、躆ake certain/sure (that) ⑤for certain/sure?、辌ertain?、遚ertain?、郼ertain /sure?、醩ure 5. challenge v．[T]向……挑戰(zhàn) n. [C]挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務 搭配 【鏈接】 challenging adj. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 【練習】 英譯漢/完成句子 ①She likes her job to be a challenge. ________________________________________________________________________ ②This is a challenging and rewarding job. ________________________________________________________________________ ③女孩們邀請男孩子進行足球比賽。 The girls ________ the boys ________ a football match. 【答案】 ①她喜歡艱巨的工作。 ②這是一項富有挑戰(zhàn)性且回報豐厚的工作。 ③challenged; to 6. charge v. ①[I/T]要價，收費 ②[T]控告，指控 ③[T]給……充電 n. ①[C]費用，價錢 ②[U]指控，控告 ③[U]掌管，負責 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①他被指控盜竊。 He ________________________________________________________________________. ②修理這輛自行車要多少錢？ How much do you ________________________________________________________________________ the bike? ③我的手機正在充電。我能用你的嗎？ My cellphone ________________________________________________________________________. May I use yours? ④你可以免費看這部電影。 You can see the film ________________________________________________________________________. 【易混辨析】in charge of, in/under the charge of in charge of “(某人)負責，掌管……”，含有主動意義，of的賓語是所管理的事、物或人 in/under the charge of＝in sb.s charge “某事或人由某人負責或掌管”，含有被動意義，of的賓語是實施管理的人 【練習】 完成句子/單項選擇 ⑤瑪麗負責照看這些孩子。 Mary is ________________________________________________________________________ the children. ＝ The children are ________________________________________________________________________. ⑥你負責做沙拉。 Youre ________________________________________________________________________ the salad. ⑦老板不在期間由我負責管理公司。 I will take ________________________________________________________________________ during the boss absence. 【答案】 ①was charged with stealing/theft?、赾harge (me) for repairing?、踚s being charged?、躥ree of charge ⑤in charge of; in/under the charge of Mary/in Marys charge?、辤n charge of making?、遚harge of the pany 7. check v. [T] ①檢查，核對 ②查看，查明 n. ①檢查，核對 ②支票(【英】 cheque) 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①請至少在飛機起飛前一小時辦理登記手續(xù)。 Please ____________ at least an hour before departure. ②那時我們已結賬離開了賓館。 Then we ____________ of the hotel. 【易混辨析】check, examine, test, inspect 這4個動詞都有“檢查”之意。 check 意為“檢查，核對”，側重于核對、找錯，也常用于判斷事物的正誤、有無或是否正常等 examine 側重于通過仔細地察看以發(fā)現問題、故障、違禁等，也指正式考試、測驗 test 意為“檢測，試驗”，指通過某種手段檢測某人或某物是否達到了一定的標準 inspect 側重于為了發(fā)現問題進行的仔細而挑剔的檢查。inspect 還有“視察，檢閱”之意，主要指官方或上級檢查 【練習】 用check, examine, test, inspect的適當形式填空/單項選擇 ③He ________ the puter but found nothing wrong. ④The Queen acpanied President Hu Jintao in ________ a Guard of Honour (儀仗隊)． ⑤________ your homework before you hand it in. ⑥This product is not ________ on animals. ⑦— Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? — Oh, really! I havent ________ my mailbox yet. A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked 【答案】 ①check in?、趆ave checked out?、踖xamined ④inspecting　⑤Check?、辴ested　⑦D 8. circumstance n. [C, 常用復數] 情況，情形，環(huán)境 搭配 【練習】 完成句子 ①在目前情況下，我們不得不推遲討論這個問題。 ________________________________________________________________________, we have to delay discussing this subject. ②無論如何我都不會去。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ①Under/In the present circumstances?、赨nder/In no circumstances will I go 【易混辨析】circumstance, environment, surrounding circumstance 常用復數，指與某事件或某人有關的情況、環(huán)境、境況等。 environment 常用單數，既指自然環(huán)境，也指對人的情感、道德及觀念等產生影響的環(huán)境。 surrounding 用復數，表示“環(huán)境，周圍的事物”，僅指周圍的具體的物質性的東西。 We must adapt to the changing social circumstances. 我們必須適應正在變化的社會環(huán)境。 He grew up in a happy environment. 他在幸福愉快的環(huán)境中長大。 We are living in pleasant surroundings. 我們生活在舒適的環(huán)境中。 【提示】environment和surroundings指“環(huán)境”時?？蓳Q用。protect the environment/surroundings 保護環(huán)境。 9. claim v. ①[T]聲稱，斷言 ②[I/T](根據權利)要求，索取，索賠，認領 n. ①[C]聲稱，主張，斷言 ②[C](依據權利提出的)要求，索賠 搭配 Some people claimed to have seen UFOs. 有些人聲稱看到過飛碟。 They claim that they are badly paid. 他們聲稱待遇太差。 【練習】 完成句子 ①他聲稱已發(fā)現了治療這種病的一種藥物。 He ________________________________________________________________________ a cure for the disease. ②貨物如有損壞，可以要求索賠。 You can ________________________________________________________________________ if the goods are damaged. ③誰丟了包，請到廣播站來認領。 Anyone who lost a bag please e to the radio station ________________. 【答案】 ①claimed to have discovered?、赾laim your money back　③to claim 10. bine v．[I/T]結合，聯合，合并 n. ①[C]聯合企業(yè) ②[C]聯合收割機 搭配 【練習】 英譯漢/完成句子 ①Lets bine our efforts. ________________________________________________________________________ ②The two panies bined to make a large one. ________________________________________________________________________ ③這部影片寓教于樂。 The fi