中考英語 八下 Unit 1 Past and present復習課件 牛津譯林版.ppt

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8BUnit1Pastandpresent Revision Learningaims 掌握本單元的重點單詞 短語和句子 2 掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的基本構成和用法 Part1Words 1 現(xiàn)在 目前2 街區(qū)3 廢料4 意識到 實現(xiàn)5 改進 改善 名詞 6 形勢 情況7 盡管 即使這樣8 環(huán)境 條件9 到 在 國外10 正是 沒錯11 小學教育的 初級的12 丈夫13 妻子 復數(shù) 14 環(huán)境 形容詞 present block waste realize improve situation anyway condition abroad exactly primary husband wife wives improvement environment environmental Part1Words 1 北方 adj 2 南方 adj 3 結(jié)婚 vt adj n 4 污染 vt adj n 5 采訪 vt n n 6 進來 最近 adv adj 7 交流 交際 vt n north southern northern marry south communication pollute recently polluted interview communicate pollution married marriage interview interviewer recent 用所給詞的適當形式填空 WecanlearnalotaboutYangzhou sPastand 現(xiàn)在 Ican timaginehowterriblethe 形勢 wasatthattime Ourgovernmenthasdonesomethingto 改善 people sliving 條件 Youwerestillat 初級的 schoolthen 正是 Mycousinhasdecidedtogo 到國外 forfurthereducation Weshouldtakeactiveactionstoprotectour 環(huán)境 IwouldliketobeamemberofGreenFirst an group improve present situation conditions primary exactly abroad environment environmental 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1 Drinking waterdoesharmtoone shealthsowater isreallyterrible pollute 2 GuangdongProvinceisinthe partofChina south 3 Mr Sunisagreat Hehas manyfamouspeople interview 4 DoyouknowMarygot toapilot Yes they fornearlytwoyears marry 5 Howdoyoukeepintouchwithyourfriends Wemainly byemail TheInternetmakes mucheasier 交流 southern polluted pollution interviewer interviewed married havebeenmarried communicate communication 中考學案大本P65 1 changen v changealot thechangesto Yangzhou overtheseyears 這些年來揚州變化很大 There Yangzhouovertheseyears Greatchanges inYangzhouovertheseyears haschangedalot havebeengreatchangesin to havetakenplace Part1Phrases sententces 1 getmarried結(jié)婚be getmarriedtoSb marrySb 和某人結(jié)婚Tom Maryin1965 Mary Tomin1965 TomandMary in1965 They since1965 married gotmarried was gotmarriedto havebeenmarried 3 usedtodosth曾經(jīng) 過去常常做某事e g 1 我父親過去是個老師 Myfather ateacher 2 我曾經(jīng)在這所學校學習 I inthisschool 易混淆短語 usesthtodosth用某物做某事beusedtodo fordoingsth被用來做某事beusedassth被用為某物beusedtodoingsth習慣于做某事 usedtobe usedtostudy Fillintheblanks 1 There 過去是 acleanriverandit use towashclothes 2 Canyoutellmedifferent 用處 ofacomputer 3 Thenewlightrail 投入使用 since2005 4 刀被用來切東西Knives 5 以前 我不習慣早起Inthepast I usedtobe wasused uses hasbeeninuse areusedtocutthings forcuttingthings wasn tusedtogettingupearly 中考學案大本P67小試身手5 Hefeelslonely Hefeelslonely Hespentdoinghishomework Wewillvisittherenextweek TheWhiteshavebeentoHongkong 4 fromtimetotime不時 有時 偶爾 sometimes attimes易混淆單詞或短語 sometimesometimesometimes fromtimetotime sometimes attimes sometime sometime 一段時間 某一時候 幾次 sometimes 5 feelabitlonely感到有點兒寂寞aloneadj adv lonelyadj eg 1 他一個人單獨居住 但從不感到寂寞 Helives butheneverfeels 2 他一個人住在偏僻的村莊里 He alone lonely livesaloneinalonelyvillage 單獨 一個人 用作表語或狀語 孤獨的 寂寞的 偏僻的 作表語或定語 abit alittle alittlebit adj adv abitof alittle 不可數(shù)名詞 Heknows French eg 他懂得一點法語 She s afraidofherfather abit alittle alittlebit abitof alittle 6 alittle abit有點兒 她有點兒害怕她的父親 拓展 notabitnotalittle 一點也不 很多 非常 你一點都不老 Youare old 我最近麻煩事很多 Ihave troublerecently notabit notalittle 1 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型主語 第一 二人稱單 復數(shù) have主語 第三人稱復數(shù) have 過去分詞主語 第三人稱單數(shù) has 2 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型主語 have has not 過去分詞 Ihavenotseenthemovieyet Hehasn tbeentoBeijingsincethen WehavelivedinBeijing HehaslivedinBeijing Ihavefinishedmyhomework Part3GrammarPresentperfecttense 3 現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型Have Has 主語 過去分詞 Haveyoufinishedthework Hasshearrivedhere 4 現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句句型特殊疑問詞 have has 主語 過去分詞 HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall movelivelovelike 5 動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構成 1 規(guī)則變化 visitrepairwatchfinish visitedvisitedrepairedrepairedwatchedwatchedfinishedfinished movedmovedlivedlivedlovedlovedlikedliked verb ed 以e結(jié)尾 d stopmoptrapplan stoppedstoppedmoppedmoppedtrappedtrappedplannedplanned 注 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞 雙寫最后一個輔音字母 ed 雙寫 ed studyhurry studiedstudiedhurriedhurried 去y ied 注 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞 去y ied Exercises bringbuyfallfeelspeakthinkwrite broughtbroughtboughtboughtfellfallenfeltfeltspokespokenthoughtthoughtwrotewritten 這種用法常與already just yet ever never recently before 句末 等連用 1 I do myhomeworkalready 2 He notfinished hishomeworkyet 3 youever be toBeijing 4 We never see suchanexcitingmatchbefore 5 Mother just clean thehouse Pleasedon tcomein 6 They practice thisdialoguetwice havedone hasnotfinished Have been have seen has cleaned havepracticed 6 用法1 表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài) 其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或造成影響 注意 當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時 在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時 要把句中的already或just去掉 在句末加上yet Ihaven tseenthefilmyet 2Ihavedonemyhomeworkalready Ihaven tdonemyhomeworkyet 3 Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse Motherhasn tcleanedthehouseyet 1Ihaveseenthefilmalready 這種用法還可與for 一段時間 since theseyears sofar inthepast last years等連用 1 We learn Englishforoverthreeyears 2 Mr Green be inChinatheseyears 3 They write 15songssofar 4 Thepopulation grow moreslowlyinthepasttenyears 5 Greatchanges take placeinmyhometownsinceIwasborn havelearned hasbeen havewritten hasgrown 7 用法2 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 且有可能持續(xù)下去 havetaken Attention since的用法 1 Since 過去某個時間 此時since充當介詞 Eg Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince1999 2 Since 一段時間 ago 此時since充當介詞 Eg ShehasknownSusansincesevenyearsago 3 Since 從句 此時since充當連詞 此時主句使用完成時 從句則要使用過去時 Eg IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn 4 當主句的謂語動詞為be或seem時 則主句要采用一般現(xiàn)在時 從句仍使用過去時 Eg It salongtimesinceweleftschool fororsince 1 Wehavelivedhere 1990 2 Howlonghaveyoustudiedhere 5years 3 Theboyhashadabadcold lastnight 4 Mr Huanghaskeptthebooks aweekago 5 Ihavetaughtintheschool Icamehere 6Wehavebeenfriends alongtime since For since since since for 中考學案大本P68小試身手8 Exercises Hisfatherhasdied for2years Thefootballmatchhasbegun since9 00a m Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy sincetheywere18yearsold MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing since3daysago Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9 00a m Thetwinshavebeensoldiers beeninthearmysincetheywere18yearsold MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingsince3daysago 8 延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的使用 延續(xù)性動詞 be have know live work study learn teach wait wear walk sleep等 這些動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用 非延續(xù)性動詞 come go arrive leave begin start buy join die borrow等 這些動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時 說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在 但不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用 通常延續(xù)性動詞可以表示一種狀態(tài) 和表示一段時間的狀語連用 Hehasbeenherefortwohours 而非延續(xù)性動詞通常表示某一動作的發(fā)生 要想用非延續(xù)性動詞和表示一段時間的狀語連用 必須要用相對應的延續(xù)性動詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換 Hehasboughtanewbook Hehasboughtanewbookforthreedays had 具體見課本P28 Someverbscan toftenbeusedwith for or since Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhaveleftShanghaifor3days beenawayfrom Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon 類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有 fallasleep beasleep catchacold haveacold movethere bethere gettoknow know open beopen colse beclosed wakeup beawake等 巧記10個瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 課本U2P28 開始離去借來還 出生入死買到家 常見非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變 arrive come gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave movebuyopenjoinstart beginfinish endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgetoutclosewakeupgotosleepbecomeinterestedin bein bedead have keep beaway beout bea bein amemberof beopen beon beover haveacold beup know beout beclosed beawake beasleep sleep beinterestedin Correcting 1 Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months 2 Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18 3 JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years 4 ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema 5 WhenhasMr Licaughtabadcold havekept hasbeenin beenasoldier since5yearsago for5years came did catch 中考學案大本P69單選 去過某地已經(jīng)回來常與ever never once twice 連用 留在某地與for since連用用howlong提問 去了某地還沒回來 Hersister Australia Sheleftthismorning hasgoneto 9 have hasgone與have hasbeen區(qū)別 canyoudistinguish 去過常與ever never once twice 連用 在 與時間段連用用howlong提問 去了說話時某人不在 A WhereisBob B He Japanwithhissister hasgoneto canyoudistinguish 去過常與ever never once twice 連用 在 與時間段連用用howlong提問 去了說話時某人不在 A Howlong you China B I herefor3years havebeen havebeenin canyoudistinguish 去過常與ever never once twice 連用 在 與時間段連用用howlong提問 去了說話時某人不在只用于第三人稱 A youever thecity B No never Havebeento Have hasgonetohave hasbeentohave hasbeenin have hasgoneto 已經(jīng)去了或在途中 還沒有返回 have hasbeento 曾今去過某地 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了 后面可接表示 次數(shù) 的狀語 have hasbeenin 表示某人 已在某地停留一段時間 現(xiàn)仍在那里 其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語 總結(jié) 1 Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried 2 JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years 3 Whattimehavethefactoryopened 4 IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice has hasbeenin did open beento Correcting 中考學案大本P72小試身手6 重點句型 Itis hasbeen 段時間 since從句段時間 haspassed since從句 eg 他死了兩年了 Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears sincetwoyearsago Itis hasbeentwoyearssincehedied Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied 1 這本書我借了一個月了 Itis hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook Ihavekeptthebookforamonth sinceamonthago AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook IhavebeeninYangzhousince2003 改寫出兩個同義句 Ithas12yearssinceIlivedinYangzhou TwelveyearshaspassedsinceIlivedinYangzhou 中考學案大本P72小試身手7 1 I thisbookfortwoweeks Ihavetoreturnitnow A borrowedB haveborrowedC keptD havekept2 TheGreens manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina A willvisitB visitedC havevisitedD visit3 Myparents Shandongfortenyears A havebeeninB havebeentoC havegonetoD havebeen4 I msorry I yourname A hadforgottenB forgotC haveforgottenD forgotten5 Herbrother thePartysince1978 A joinedB hasjoinedC hasbeeninD wasin Exercise 四 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時 強調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響 與現(xiàn)在有關 一般過去時 僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生過這一動作 與現(xiàn)在無關 他已學英語五年了 HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears 他曾學過五年英語 HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears 說明他還繼續(xù)學下去 只說明他過去學過五年英語 但現(xiàn)在不學了 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語 遇到y(tǒng)esterday Lastyear inMay in 過去某一年 twodaysago justnow等就用一般過去時 當有sofar inthepast lastfewdays 在過去 最近的幾年里 since接過去時間狀語或過去時的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時 用所給詞的適當形式填空 He work inourschoolforoneyear He come toourschoollastyear They cook thesupperalready They cook thesupperhalfanhourago hasworked came havecooked cooked 中考指要P58語法專練 實力測驗 用所給詞的適當形式填空They go tothecinemaalready Mr AndMrs Li notcome backyet John be totheUSAafewtimes We notsee thatfilmyetI nottalk tomycousinsincelastFriday You notvisit meforalongtime havegone havenotcome hasbeen havenotseen havenottalked havenotvisited 7 Tom buy thebikefor2years 8 I notfinish theworkyet 9 you know himsincethen 10 I hear frommyfatherrecently 11 We be theremanytimesinthepast3years 12 Thedog die since3daysago 13 They finish theworksofar 14 Howlongyou stay athomeyet 15 I notread thebookbefore 16 Hejust do it 17 Mysister walk toschooleverydaylastyear 18 We have anexamagainsometimenextweek 19 By2012 we plant 2000trees 20 Lucy go toShanghai She leave thismorning haven tfinished Have known haveheard havebeen hasbeendead havefinished have stayed haven tread has done walked willhave haveplanted hasgone left hashad 中考鏈接 一 選擇填空 1 UncleDongis fromtimetotimebecausehemisseshisoldfriends A lonelyB aloneC happyD unkind2 MrandMrsBlack back A hasn tcome yetB haven tcome yetC haven t comealreadyD hasn tcome already3 Wehaven tseeneachother A foralongtimeB twodaysagoC fortwodaysagoD alongtimeago 4 Ithasbeeninservice 1998 A inB atC orD since5 It sevenyears HongKongreturntoChina A was sinceB is sinceC was afterD is after 6 WhereareMikeandJack They thelibrary A havegoneB havebeentoC hasbeentoD hasgoneto7 Thereisanewbridge theTsingMaBridge A callB tocallC calledD calling 8 I youahappyholiday A hopeB wishC wantD like9 Ienjoy myfriendsontheinternetonSundays A chatB chattingC chattingtoD chattingwith 10 Inadictionarywhichisalwaysbeforetram A trainB tryC treeD true11 Theplace bethehomeofwildredcranes A isusedtoB usedtoC isusedD wasusedto12 Wehopeyou ahappyholidayinHongKong A tohaveB havingC hadD willhave 6 Theoldmanwasnot toclimbupthehill A healthyB enoughhealthyC healthenoughD healthyenough7 you thebook tothelibraryyet Yes Ihave A Have returned B Have returned backC Didreturn D Did return back8 Hehas finishedhishomework He snow arest A yet havingB just hasC ever hasD already having Bye bye