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摘 要
近年來，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)科技的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高，國內(nèi)外水果品種越來越多，人們對水果的品質(zhì)也有了更高的要求。為了提高水果的加工質(zhì)量和出品等級，需要對水果進(jìn)行質(zhì)量和大小分級。水果分選機(jī)用于將水果按需要進(jìn)行分類的機(jī)械，是水果供應(yīng)企業(yè)進(jìn)行水果自動化加工的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一。本設(shè)計主要實現(xiàn)將水果按大小（重量）進(jìn)行分類的功能，設(shè)計水果分選機(jī)分選部分。具體任務(wù)如下：
分選機(jī)的設(shè)計部分是基于三維軟件SolidWorks的設(shè)計。動力部分由電動機(jī)、減速器，輸入軸為主，其余部分參考外購件的參數(shù)加以整合設(shè)計。而重點設(shè)計的是分級機(jī)構(gòu)。在計算過程中，軸的設(shè)計是重點，首先通過實際的考察，確定一些原始數(shù)據(jù)，第二計算出各個軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、功率、轉(zhuǎn)矩。第三計算出其余需要的數(shù)據(jù)，比如軸承選用依據(jù)，軸段的設(shè)計，第四對各個部件進(jìn)行力學(xué)的校核。
最后部分將介紹箱體、支架等的總體設(shè)計，包括電動機(jī)和減速器箱體，入料斗支架，外鏈板等等。并對動力部分箱體的螺栓組進(jìn)行校核，對外購件如傳動軸將進(jìn)行校核。
以上各步將全部采用solidworks軟件進(jìn)行計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計，設(shè)計過程中經(jīng)過較為精確的測量和計算后將所得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行三維建模，利用模型進(jìn)行模擬裝配和干涉檢查。構(gòu)想通過創(chuàng)建三維模型這樣一個平臺來驗證所做的設(shè)計，以便于對設(shè)計中的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。
設(shè)計完成后，利用該模型的優(yōu)點，即較為逼真地體現(xiàn)外型設(shè)計的效果及拖拉機(jī)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸關(guān)系，繪制二維的零件圖，裝配圖和渲染效果圖。
關(guān)鍵詞：水果；分選；3D建模；設(shè)計
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of agricultural science and technology and the improvement of living standards, more and more domestic and foreign fruit varieties, people on the quality of the fruit also had higher demand. In order to improve the processing quality and fruit product level, fruit need to classify for quality and grading size. Fruit sorting machine for the fruit as needed to the classification of the machinery, and is a fruit supply enterprise to carry on the fruit of one of the key equipment automation processing. This design is to realize the main fruit according to size (weight) of the classification function, design fruit sorting machine part sorting. The task is as follows:
The Sorting machine design is according to the design of 3D software SolidWorks.Drive part by motor, gear reducer, input shaft is given priority to, the rest of the parameters of the related reference to integrate design. And the key design is the hierarchical organization. In the process of computation is the design of shaft key, first by the actual investigation, sure some raw data, the second calculated each axis of rotation speed, power and torque. The third calculated the rest need the data, such as bearing choose the basis, shaft section of the design, the fourth of every part of checking mechanics.
The last part will introduce the body and the overall design of support, including motor and reducer box, into the hopper support, the chain plate and so on. And the power of the group of bolt, check the related to such as transmission shaft will check out.
Above each part we will all use Solidworks software to carry on a CAD design. We will use the datas that through accurate diagraph and calculation to set up a 3D mold. Make use of the model to imitate assemble and check exactly if have an interference. Hope to verify a design and modify a detail expediently by establish a model.
After designing completion, make use of the advantage of that model，that is to represent main structure and size relation of the tractor vividnessly and the features designs effect exactly。After that we will draw two-dimensional spare parts drawing paper, assemble drawing paper and exaggerate effect drawing。
Key words：Fruit；grading ；3 D modeling；design