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摘要
方便飯盒在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ罾锏膽?yīng)用十分常見，在生活中方便飯盒給我們帶來了很多方便，我們?nèi)魏我粋€家庭中都會用到它。我們在市場中也會看見各式各樣的飯盒，不同大小，不同形狀，不同材質(zhì)。這次設(shè)計的是日常用品的典型代表，這對我以后的模具設(shè)計的知識程度和水平有一定的提升和幫助。此次設(shè)計的方便飯盒結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，我用了CAD軟件對產(chǎn)品原件進(jìn)行了電子繪圖設(shè)計，通過查閱手頭資料對產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計進(jìn)行計算，使方便飯盒的結(jié)構(gòu)更加的合理耐用。在設(shè)計時候我們考慮到其應(yīng)該結(jié)實并且耐用，積極查閱手上的資料進(jìn)行去設(shè)計，保證了它在我們生活中的質(zhì)量。我所設(shè)計的方便飯盒是我們最長用的長方體形狀。這種設(shè)計的特點是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，結(jié)實，不容易損壞，清潔起來相當(dāng)方便。
冷沖模以及塑料模的課程設(shè)計是“模具設(shè)計與制造專業(yè)”的教學(xué)計劃安排的十分重要的實踐環(huán)節(jié)之一，它是畢業(yè)設(shè)計的首選內(nèi)容。模具設(shè)計的課程一般安排在學(xué)習(xí)冷沖模的設(shè)計和塑料模具設(shè)計之后進(jìn)行，它的意義在于鞏固所學(xué)的知識，熟悉相關(guān)資料，了解正確的的設(shè)計思想，以及掌握設(shè)計方式。通過模具設(shè)計制造，學(xué)會了工藝性的分析、工藝的計算、設(shè)計模具的零件結(jié)構(gòu)、在書寫技術(shù)文件以及查閱文獻(xiàn)方面接受到了一次綜合性的訓(xùn)練，增加了自己的實踐能力。
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的題目是“方便飯盒注射模具設(shè)計”，主要是對塑料飯盒設(shè)計的思路與加工的過程的介紹。方便飯盒質(zhì)量比較低、形狀十分簡單、方便清潔、具有耐腐蝕耐老化、強(qiáng)度比較強(qiáng)、使用壽命長、制作方便、價格便宜等特點，是非常受大家所喜歡的產(chǎn)品，方便飯盒具有很好的發(fā)展前景。
本次的方便飯盒設(shè)計所主要采用的技術(shù)是注射成型，注射成型又稱為注塑成型，是現(xiàn)今塑料加工中最常見的方法之一，注射成型的產(chǎn)品約占塑料產(chǎn)品總量的20%-30%，它是成型熱塑加工的主要方法。到現(xiàn)在為止除了氟塑料以外，幾乎所有的熱塑性塑料都可以用注射成型方法去生產(chǎn)塑件。注射成型的最大特點是成型周期短，品種多，制品尺寸精確，產(chǎn)品可以快速更新?lián)Q代，生產(chǎn)可以自動化、高速化。并且具有極高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在設(shè)計過程之中，必須先要對方便飯盒的塑件來進(jìn)行工藝性分析，并且去了解這類型塑件的特性和用途等；再逐一的對模具的基本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)模具基本的結(jié)構(gòu)來選擇的基本模架，接著再核對各種相關(guān)的工藝數(shù)據(jù)，以及根據(jù)參考書上的資料以及圖書館中的資料以及公式和一系列表格和參數(shù)等。進(jìn)行對型腔和型芯等零件計算并設(shè)計，最后對模具來進(jìn)行加熱和試模等重要環(huán)節(jié)。
關(guān)鍵詞： 模具設(shè)計; CAD; 方便飯盒; 注射模
Abstract
Convenient lunch box applications are very common in our daily life, in the life convenient lunch box brought us a lot of convenience, we use it any of a family.We will see in the market a variety of lunch box, different sizes, different shapes, different materials.This design is a typical representative of the daily necessities, the degree of mold design knowledge for my later and level has certain promotion and help.The design of convenient lunch box structure is simpler, I used the CAD software for original products for the electronic drawing design, by looking at data for calculation, the design of the product at hand to make convenient lunch box structure more reasonable and durable.In the design time we should consider its sturdy and durable, actively refer to hand data to design, ensuring the quality of it in our life.I designed by convenient lunch box is our longest with rectangle shape.This design is characterized by simple structure, strong, not easy to damage, clean up is very convenient.
Cold stamping die and plastic mould of the course is designed to "mold design and manufacturing professional" one of the very important practice link of teaching plan, it is the first selection of graduation design content.Die design course of general arrangement in the study of cold stamping die design and plastic mold design, its meaning is to consolidate knowledge, familiar with relevant information, understand the correct design idea, and the way the master design.Through the mold design and manufacturing, learned the art of manufacturability analysis, calculation, structure design of mould parts, technical documents in writing and literature to a comprehensive training, increase their practice ability.
The topic of this graduation design is "convenient" lunch box injection mold design, mainly for plastic lunch box design train of thought and machining process is introduced.Convenient lunch box quality is low, the shape is simple, convenient and clean, with stronger corrosion resistance to ageing, strength, long service life, convenient production, as well as the low price, it is very popular favorite product, has the very good convenient lunch box the development prospect.
The convenience of the lunch box design mainly adopts the technology is injection molding, injection molding, also known as injection molding, is now one of the most common method in plastic processing, injection molding products accounted for about 20% of the total plastic products - 20%, it is the main method of thermoplastic processing forming.So far in addition to the fluorine plastic, nearly all thermoplastics can be used to produce plastic parts injection molding method.Is the biggest characteristic of injection molding molding cycle is short, many varieties, product size precision, can quickly update products, production can be automated, high speed.And has a very high economic benefits.In the design process, must first to convenient lunch box plastic parts for manufacturability analysis, and to understand the characteristics of plastic parts and use this type, etc.;Them one by one of the basic structure of mould is analyzed, according to the basic structure to choose the basic mode of mould frame, then check the relevant process data, and according to the information on the reference books and library data and formulas and a series of tables and parameters, etc.For calculation and design of cavity and core parts, finally the mold to heating and test such as important segment.
Keywords: mold design; CAD; Convenient lunch box; Injection mould
目 錄
第一章緒論 1
1.1 塑料模具的成型特點與發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.1.1塑料基礎(chǔ)知識 1
1.1.2模具 1
1.1.3塑料模具的特點 2
1.1.4塑料模具的發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.2 注射模設(shè)計的要求與程序 3
1.2.1注射成型的原理和特點 3
第二章塑件的工藝分析 5
2.1 材料的工藝分析 5
2.1.1材料分析 5
2.2 塑件尺寸精度分析 6
2.2.1塑件的表面質(zhì)量分析 7
2.2.2塑件的表面粗糙度分析 7
2.3 塑件的工藝分析 7
2.3.1結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析 7
第三章塑料模具設(shè)計的內(nèi)容及步驟 8
3.1 塑件設(shè)計 8
3.1.1設(shè)計塑件考慮以下因素 8
3.1.2塑件設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 8
3.2塑料種類 9
3.2.1通用塑料有五大品種 9
3.2.2常用的工程塑料品種 9
3.2.3常用的熱固性塑料品種 10
3.3外觀要求 10
3.4 壁厚及制件體積計算 11
3.5 脫模斜度 11
第四章成型的模具設(shè)計 12
4.1成型零件的工作尺寸計算 12
4.2型腔的長、寬、深度尺寸計算 13
4.3型芯的長、寬、高度尺寸計算 14
4.4支撐板強(qiáng)度的計算 15
4.5澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計計算 15
4.6脫模阻力計算 15
第五章注射機(jī)的選擇 17
5.1最大注射量校核 17
5.2注射壓力校核 17
5.3鎖模力校核 18
5.4開模行程及頂出型模校核 18
5.5注射機(jī)的工藝分析 18
第六章模具材料的選擇 20
6.1滿足工作條件要求 20
6.2滿足工藝性能要求 20
6.3滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求 21
第七章模具材料的選擇 23
結(jié)論 24
致謝 25
參考文獻(xiàn) 26