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機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)
計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)
機(jī)械工程分院機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)
00212班33號(hào)
設(shè)計(jì)者:全建輝
指導(dǎo)教師:裴根欣
2003年7月
沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)學(xué)院
目 錄
一? 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)························································································2
二? 電機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算
1. 擇電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速·················································································2
2. 工作機(jī)的有效功率···········································································2
3. 選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào)···········································································3
三? 運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)的計(jì)算
1. 分配傳動(dòng)比····················································································3
2. 各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速····················································································3
3. 各軸的功率····················································································4
4. 各軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩·····················································································4
四? 傳動(dòng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
1. 閉式直齒輪圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·················································4
2. 閉式直齒輪圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·················································6
五? 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
4. 減速器高速軸I的設(shè)計(jì)·····································································9
5. 減速器低速軸II的設(shè)計(jì)··································································11
3. 減速器低速軸III的設(shè)計(jì)··································································14
六? 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算
1.減速器高速I(mǎi)軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算·········································16
2.減速器低速I(mǎi)I軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算········································17
3. 減速器低速I(mǎi)II軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算·····································18
七? 鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和驗(yàn)算
1. 聯(lián)軸器與高速軸軸伸的鍵聯(lián)接··························································19
2. 大圓錐齒輪與低速軸II的的鍵聯(lián)接····················································19
3. 大圓柱齒輪與低速軸III的的鍵聯(lián)接··················································20
八? 潤(rùn)滑油的選擇與熱平衡計(jì)算
1. 減速器的熱平衡計(jì)算·········································································21
2. 潤(rùn)滑油的選擇·················································································22
九? 參考文獻(xiàn)························································································23
1.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
一對(duì)圓錐滾子軸承的效率 η3= 0.98
一對(duì)球軸承的效率 η4= 0.99
閉式直齒圓錐齒傳動(dòng)效率η5= 0.95
閉式直齒圓柱齒傳動(dòng)效率η6= 0.97
b. 總效率η=η1η2 2η3 3η4η5η6=0.96×0.992 ×0.983 ×0.99×0.95×0.97=0.808
c. 所需電動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出功率 Pr=Pw/η=2.4/0.808=3kw
3. 選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào)
查參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表4-12.2 得 表1.1
方案號(hào)
電機(jī)
類(lèi)型
額定
功率
同步
轉(zhuǎn)速
滿(mǎn)載
轉(zhuǎn)速
總傳
動(dòng)比
1
Y100L2-4
3
1500
1420
22.294
2
Y132S-6
3
1000
960
15.072
根據(jù)以上兩種可行同步轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)對(duì)比可見(jiàn),方案2傳動(dòng)比小且質(zhì)量?jī)r(jià)格也比較合理,所以選擇Y132S-6型電動(dòng)機(jī)。
三, 動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)的計(jì)算
1. 分配傳動(dòng)比
(1) 總傳動(dòng)比i=15.072
(2) 各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比:直齒輪圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)比 i12=3.762,
直齒輪圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)比 i23=4
(3) 實(shí)際總傳動(dòng)比i實(shí)=i12i34=3.762×4=15.048,
∵Δi=0.021﹤0.05,故傳動(dòng)比滿(mǎn)足要求滿(mǎn)足要求。
2. 各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速(各軸的標(biāo)號(hào)均已在圖1.1中標(biāo)出)
n0=960r/min,n1=n0=960r/min,n2=n1/ i12=303.673r/min,n3= n2/ i34=63.829r/min,n4=n3=63.829r/min
3. 各軸的功率
η=0.808
Pr=3 kw
選用三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)Y132S-6
p=3 kw
n=960r/min
i=15.072
i12=3.762
i23=4
n0=960r/min
n1=960r/min
n2=303.67r/min
n3=63.829r/min
n4=63.829r/min
3.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
p0=pr=3 kw, p1= p0η2=2.970kw, p2= p1η4η3=2.965 kw, p3= p2η5η3=2.628 kw, p4=p3η2η3=2.550 kw
4. 各軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩,由式:T=9.55Pi/ni 可得:
T0=29.844 N·m, T1=29.545 N·m, T2=86.955 N·m,
T3=393.197 N·m, T4=381.527 N·m
四,傳動(dòng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
1. 閉式直齒輪圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
a.選材:
小齒輪材料選用45號(hào)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,HB=217~255,
σHP1=580 Mpa,σFmin1 =220 Mpa
大齒輪材料選用45號(hào)鋼,正火處理,HB=162~217,
σHP2=560 Mpa,σFmin2 =210 Mpa
b. 由參考文獻(xiàn)[2](以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)[2])式(5—33),計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)N:
N1=60njL=60×960×1×8×11×250=1.267×10
N2=N1/i2 =1.267×10/3=2.522×10
查圖5—17得 ZN1=1.0,ZN2=1.12,由式(5—29)得
ZX1=ZX2=1.0,取SHmin=1.0,ZW=1.0,ZLVR=0.92,
∴[σH]1=σHP1ZLVRZWZX1ZN1/SHmin=580×0.92=533.6 Mpa,
[σH]2=σHP2ZN2ZX2ZWZLVR/SHmin =560×1.12×0.92=577 Mpa
∵[σH]1> [σH]2,∴計(jì)算取[σH]= [σH]2=533.6 Mpa
c.按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)小齒輪大端模數(shù)(由于小齒輪更容易失效故按小齒輪設(shè)計(jì)):
取齒數(shù) Z1=21,則Z2=Z1 i12=3.762×32=79,取Z2=79
∵實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比u=Z2/Z1=79/21=3.762,且u=tanδ2=cotδ1,
∴δ2=72.2965=7216 35,δ1=17.7035=1742 12,則小圓錐齒輪的當(dāng)量齒數(shù)zm1=z1/cosδ1 =21/cos17.7035=23,zm2=z2/cosδ2=79/cos72.2965=259.79
p0= 3 kw
p1= 2.970 kw
p2= 2.965 kw
p3=2.628 kw
p4=2.550 kw
T0=29.844 N·m
T1=29.545 N·m
T2=86.955 N·m
T3=393.197N·m
T=381.527N·m
σHP1=580 Mpa,
σFmin1=220 Mpa
σHP2=560 Mpa,
σFmin2=210 Mpa
[σH]=533.6Mpa
圓錐齒輪參數(shù)
Z1=21
Z2=79
δ1=1742 12
δ2 =7216 35
4.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
由[2]圖5-14,5-15得
YFa=2.8,Ysa=1.55,YFa2=2.23,Ysa2=1.81
ZH=√2/cosα×sinα=√2/cos20×sin20=2.5
由[2]表11-5有 ZE=189.8,取Kt·Z=1.1, 由[2] 取K=1.4
又∵ T1=28.381 N·m ,u= 3.762,фR=0.3
由[2]式5-56計(jì)算小齒輪大端模數(shù):
m≥√4KT1YFaYsa/{фRZ[σF](1-0.5фR)2 √u2 +1}
將各值代得 m≥1.498
由[2]表5-9取 m=3 ㎜
d.齒輪參數(shù)計(jì)算:
大端分度圓直徑 d1=mz1=3×21=63㎜,d2=mz2=3×79=237㎜
齒頂圓直徑 da1=d1+2mcosδ1=63+6cos17.7035=68.715㎜,
da2=d2+2mcosδ2=237+6cos72.2965=238.827㎜
齒根圓直徑df1=d1-2.4mcosδ1=63-7.2cos17.7035
=56.142㎜
df2=d2-2.4mcosδ2=237-7.2×cos72.2965=231.808㎜
齒輪錐距 R=√d1+ d2/2=122.615㎜,
大端圓周速度 v=∏d1n1/60000=3.14×63×960/60000=3.165m/s,
齒寬b=RфR =0.3×122.615=36.78㎜
由[2]表5-6,選齒輪精度為8級(jí)
由[1]表4.10-2得Δ1=(0.1~0.2)R
=(0.1~0.2)305.500=30.05~60.1㎜
取Δ1=10㎜,Δ2=14㎜,c=10㎜
輪寬 L1=(0.1~0.2)d1=(0.1~0.2)93=12.4㎜
L2=(0.1~0.2)d2=(0.1~0.2)×291=39㎜
e.驗(yàn)算齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度: 按[2]式5-53
σH= ZHZE√2KT1√u+1/[bd u(1-0.5фR)2 ],代入各值得
圓錐齒輪參數(shù)
m=3 ㎜
d1=63㎜
d2=237㎜
da1= 68.715㎜
da2=238.827㎜
df1=56.142㎜
df2=231.808㎜
R=122.615㎜
v=3.165m/s
b= 36.78㎜
Δ1=10㎜
Δ2=14㎜
c=10㎜
L1=12.4㎜
L2=39㎜
5.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
σH=470.899﹤[σH] =533.6 Mpa
∴ 小齒輪滿(mǎn)足接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度,且大齒輪比小齒輪接觸強(qiáng)度高,故齒輪滿(mǎn)足接觸強(qiáng)度條件
f.齒輪彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核:按[2]式5-55
由[2]圖5-19得YN1=YN2=1.0,
由[2]式 5-32及m=2﹤5㎜,得YX1=YX2=1.0
取YST=2.0,SFmin=1.4,由[2]式5-31計(jì)算許用彎曲應(yīng)力:
[σF1]= σFmin1YFa1Ysa1YST/ SFmin =220×2.0/1.4=314.29 Mpa
[σF2]= σFmin2YFa2Ysa2YST/ SFmin =210×2.0/1.4=300 Mpa
∵[σF1]﹥[σF2], ∴[σF]=[σF2]=300 Mpa
由[2]式5-24計(jì)算齒跟彎曲應(yīng)力:
σF1=2KT1YFa1Ysa1/[b1md1(1-0.5фR)]=2×1.4×80070×2.8×1.55/0.85×2×28.935×62=181.59 ﹤300 Mpa
σF2=σF1 YFa2Ysa2/(YFa1Ysa1)=181.59×1.81×2.23/(2.8×1.55)=178.28﹤300Mpa
∴兩齒輪滿(mǎn)足齒跟彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度
2. 閉式直齒輪圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
a.選材:
小齒輪材料選用45號(hào)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,HB=217~255,
σHP1=580 Mpa,σFmin1=220 Mpa
大齒輪材料選用45號(hào)鋼,正火處理,HB=162~217,
σHP2=560 Mpa,σFmin2=210 Mpa
b. 由參考文獻(xiàn)[2](以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)[2])式(5—33),計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)N:
N1=60njL=60×960×1×8×11×250=1.267×10, N2=N1/i23=1.267×10/3=2.522×10
查圖5—17得 ZN1=1.05,ZN2=1.16,由式(5—29)得
ZX1=ZX2=1.0,取SHmin=1.0,ZW=1.0,ZLVR=0.92,
[σH]1=σHP1ZLVRZWZX1ZN1/SHmin=580×1.05×0.92=560.28 MPa
[σH]=533.6 Mpa
[σF]=300 Mpa
σHP1=580 Mpa
σFmin1=220 Mpa
σHP2=560 Mpa
σFmin2=210 Mpa
6.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
[σH]2=σHP2ZN2ZX2ZWZLVR/SHmin=560×1.16×0.92=597.63 MPa
∵[σH]1> [σH]2,∴計(jì)算取[σH]= [σH]2=560.28 Mpa
c. 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算中心距(由于小齒輪更容易失效故按小齒輪設(shè)計(jì)):
∵u=i34=4,фa=0.4,
ZH=√2/cosα·sinα=√2/cos200 ·sin200 =2.5
且由[2]表11-5有 ZE=189.8,取Kt·Z=1.1
∴ [2]式5-18計(jì)算中心距:
a≥(1+u)√KT1 (ZE ZHZε/[σH])2 /(2uφa)=5×√1.1×86955×2.5×189.8/(2×4×0.4×560.28)=147.61㎜
由[1]表4.2-10 圓整 取 a=160㎜
d.齒輪參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì):
m=(0.007~0.02)a=180(0.007~0.02)=1.26~3.6㎜
查[2]表5-7取 m=2㎜
齒數(shù)Z1=2a/m(1+u)=2×160/2(1+4)=32
Z2=uZ1=4×32=128 取Z2=128
則實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比 i=149/31=4
分度圓直徑 d1=mz1=2×32=64 ㎜,d2=mz2=2×128=256㎜
齒頂圓直徑 da1= d1+2m=68㎜,da2=d2+2m=260㎜
齒基圓直徑 db1= d1cosα=64×cos20o =60.14㎜
db2= d2cosα=256×cos20o =240.56㎜
齒根圓直徑 df1= d1-2.5m=64-2.5×2=59㎜
df2= d2-2.5m=256-2.5×2=251㎜
圓周速度 v=∏d1n2/60×103
=3.14×256×63.829/60×103 =1.113 m/s,
中心距 a=(d1+d2)/2=160㎜
齒寬 b=aΦa =0.4×160=64㎜
由[2]表5-6,選齒輪精度為8級(jí)
[σH]=560.28 Mpa
圓柱齒輪參數(shù)
m=2㎜
Z1=32
Z2=128
d1=64 ㎜
d2=256㎜
da1=8㎜
da2=260㎜
db1 =60.14㎜
db2 =240.56㎜
df1=59㎜
df2= 251㎜
v=1.113 m/s
a=160㎜
b=64㎜
7.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
e. 驗(yàn)算齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度
按電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),載荷平穩(wěn),由[2]表5-3,取KA=1.0;由[2]圖5-4(d),按8級(jí)精度和VZ/100=∏dn/60000/100=0.30144,得Kv=1.03;由[2]表5-3得Ka=1.2;由[2]圖5-7和b/d1=72/60=1.2,得KB=1.13;
∴ K=KvKaKAKB=1.03×1.2×1.0×1.13=1.397
又∵ɑa1=arccosdb1/da1=arccos(60.14/68)=28.0268=281 36;
ɑa2 = arccosdb2/da2=arccos(2240.56/260)=22.0061=220 17
∴重合度 εa=[z(tanɑa1-tanɑ)+ z(tanɑa1-tanɑ)]/2∏=[32(tan28.0268-tan20)+128(tan22.0061-tan20)]=1.773
即Zε=√(4-εa)/3=0.862,且 ZE=189.8,ZH=2.5
∴ σH =ZHZEZε√2KT1(u+1)/bd2 1頁(yè):8
u=2.5×189.8×0.862√2×1.397×83510×5.8065/(72×622 ×5.024)=240.63﹤[σH ]=560.28 Mpa
∴ 小齒輪滿(mǎn)足接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度,且大齒輪比小齒輪接觸強(qiáng)度高,故齒輪滿(mǎn)足接觸強(qiáng)度條件
f.齒輪彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核:
按Z1=32,Z2=128,由[2]圖5-14得YFa1=2.56,YFa2=2.18;由[2]圖5-15得Ysa1=1.65,Ysa2=1.84
由[2]式5-23計(jì)算
Y=0.25+0.75/εa=02.5+0.75/1.773=0.673
由[2]圖5-19得YN1=YN2=1.0,
由[2]式 5-32切m=2﹤5㎜,得YX1=YX2=1.0
取YST=2.0,Sfmin=1.4,由[2]式5-31計(jì)算許用彎曲應(yīng)力:
[σF1]= σFmin1YFa1Ysa1YST/ Sfmin =220×2.0/1.4=314.29 Mpa
[σF2]= σFmin2YFa2Ysa2YST/Sfmin=210×2.0/1.4=300 Mpa
[σF1]= 314.29 Mpa
[σF2]= 300 Mpa
8.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
∵[σF1]﹥[σF2], ∴[σF]=[σF2]=300 Mpa
由[2]式5-24計(jì)算齒跟彎曲應(yīng)力:
σF1=2KT1YFa1Ysa1Y/bd1m=2×1.397×83510×2.56×1.65×0.673/(2×64×64)=71.233 ﹤300 Mpa
σF2=σF1YFa2Ysa2/YFa1Ysa1=71.233×1.84×2.18/(2.56×1.65)=67.644﹤300 Mpa
∴兩齒輪滿(mǎn)足齒跟彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度
五, 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
4. 減速器高速軸I的設(shè)計(jì)
a. 選擇材料:由于傳遞中小功率,轉(zhuǎn)速不太高,故選用45優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,
按 [2]表8-3查得 σB=637 Mpa, [σb]-1=59 Mpa
b. 由扭矩初算軸伸直徑:按參考文獻(xiàn)[2] 有 d≥A√p/n
∵n0=960r/min,p1=2.97 kw,且A=0.11~0.16
∴d1≥16~23㎜ 取d1=20㎜
c. 考慮I軸與電機(jī)伸軸用聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接。并考慮用柱銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器,因?yàn)殡姍C(jī)的軸伸直徑為dD=38㎜,查[1]表4.7-1選取聯(lián)軸器規(guī)格HL3(Y38×82,Y30×60),根據(jù)軸上零件布置,裝拆和定位需要該軸各段尺寸如圖1.2a所示
d. 該軸受力計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖如圖1.2b , 齒輪1受力:
(1)圓周力Ft1=2T1/dm1=2×29.545/(64×10-3 )=915.52 N,
(2)徑向力Fr1= Ft1·tanα·cosδ1
=915.52×tan200 ·cos17.70350 =317.44 N,
(3)軸向力Fa1= Ft1·tanα·sinδ1
=915.52×tan200 ·sin17.70350 =101.33 N,
e. 求垂直面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
∵ΣMB=0,∴Rcy= Ft1(L2+L3)/L2=915.52(74+55)/74=1595.97.97 N
∵ΣY=0,∴RBY= Ft1-Rcy=915.52-1595.97=-680.45 N,
[σF]=300 Mpa
σB=637 Mpa,
[σb]-1=59 Mpa
d1=20㎜
選用柱銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器
HL3(Y38×82,Y30×60)
Ft1=915.52 N
Fr1=317.44 N
Fa1=101.33 N
Rcy= 1595.97N
RBY=-680.45 N
9.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
∴垂直面內(nèi)D點(diǎn)彎矩Mdy=0,M= Rcy L3+ RBY(L2+L3)=1595.97×55-680.45×129= 3662.14 N·㎜=3.662 N·m
f. 水平面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
∵ΣMB=0,∴RCz=[Fr1(L3+L2)-Fa1dm1/2]/L2 =[317.44(74+55)-680.45×64]/74=419.07 N,
∵ΣZ=0,∴RBz= Fr1- RCz =317.44-419.07=-101.63N,
∵水平面內(nèi)D點(diǎn)彎矩MDz=0,M= RCzL3+ RBz(L3+L2)= 419.07×55-101.63×129=-7.095N·m
g. 合成彎矩:MD=√M+ M= 0 N·m,
M=√M+ M=7.98 N·m
h. 作軸的扭矩圖如圖1.2c所示,
計(jì)算扭矩:T=T1 =29.545N·m
I. 校核高速軸I:根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[3]第三強(qiáng)度理論進(jìn)行校核:
由圖1.2可知,D點(diǎn)彎矩最大,故先驗(yàn)算D處的強(qiáng)度,
∵M(jìn)D <M ,∴取M= M=7.98 N·m,
又∵抗彎截面系數(shù):w=∏d3 min /32=3.14×203 /32=1.045×10m
∴σ=√M+T/ w=√7.98+29.545/1.045×10=39.132≤[σb]-1= 59 Mpa
故該軸滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)度要求。
2. 減速器低速軸II的設(shè)計(jì)
a. 選擇材料:因?yàn)橹饼X圓柱齒輪的小輪直徑較?。X跟圓直徑db1=62㎜)需制成齒輪軸結(jié)構(gòu),故與齒輪的材料和熱處理應(yīng)該一致,即為45優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理
按 [2]表8-3查得 σb=637 Mpa, [σb]-1=59 Mpa
b. 該軸結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1.3a,受力計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖如圖1.3b
齒輪2受力(與齒輪1大小相等方向相反):
Ft2=915.52N, Fr2=317.44 N, Fa2= 101.33 N,
齒輪3受力:
Mdy=0
M= 3.662 N·m
RCz=419.07 N
RBz= -101.63N
MDz=0
M= -7.095N·m
MD=0 N·m,
M=7.98 N·m
T= 29.545N·m
M= 7.98 N·m
σb=637 Mpa,
[σb]-1=59 Mpa
Ft2=915.52N
Fr2=317.44 N
Fa2= 101.33 N
10.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
(1)圓周力Ft3=2T2/dm3=2×86.955/(64×10-3 )=2693.87N
(2)徑向力Fr3= Ft2·tanα=2693.87×tan200 =980.49 N
c. 求垂直面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
∵ΣMB=0,∴RAy= [Ft2(L2+L3)+ Ft3L3]/(L1+L2+L3)=[915.52(70+63)+2693.87×63]/183=1919.26 N
∵ΣY=0,∴RBY=Ft2+Ft3-Rcy=915.52+2693.87-1919.26
=1690.13 N
∴垂直面內(nèi)C點(diǎn)彎矩:
MCy = RAy L1=1919.26×21.5=41.26 N·m,
M= RBY(L2+L3)- Ft3L2
=1690.13×133-2693.87×70= 41.26 N·m,
D點(diǎn)彎矩:MDy= RBY L3=1690.13×63= 92.96N·m,
M= Ray(L1+L2)- Ft2 L2
=1919.26×120-915.52×70=92.96 N·m
d. 水平面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
∵ΣMB=0,∴RAz=[Fr2(L3+L2)+Fr3L3-Fa2dm2/2]/(L1+L2+L3) =[317.44×133+980.49×63-101.33×238.827/2]/128=750.70 N
∵ΣZ=0,∴RBz= Fr2+ Fr3- RAz
=317.44+980.49-750.70=547.23N,
∵水平面內(nèi)C點(diǎn)彎矩:
MCz= RAzL1=750.70×50=23.65 N·m,
M1 Cz= RBz (L3+L2)- Fr3L2
=547.23×133 - 980.49×70=-10.55N·m,
D 點(diǎn)彎矩:MDz = RBz L3=547.23×63=30.10 N·m,
M1 Dz= RAz(L1+L2)-Fa2dm2/2- Fr2 L2=750.70×120
-101.33×164.9/2-317.44×70= 29.92N·m
e. 合成彎矩:MC=√M+ M= 47.56N·m
M=√M+ M=42.59 N·m
Ft3=2693.87N
F r3=980.49 N
RAy=1919.26 N
RBY=1690.13 N
MCy=41.26 N·m
M =41.26N·m
MDy= 92.96 N·m
M= 92.96 N·m
RAz=750.70 N
RBz=547.23N
MCz=23.65 N·m
M1 Cz=-10.55N·m
MDz=30.10 N·m
M1 Dz=29.92N·m
MC=47.56N·m
M=42.59 N·m
11.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
MD=√M+ M=97.71 N·m,M=√M+ M= 97.66N·m
f. 作軸的扭矩圖如圖1.3c所,計(jì)算扭矩:
T=T2=86.955N·m
g. 校核低速軸II強(qiáng)度,由參考文獻(xiàn)[3]第三強(qiáng)度理論進(jìn)行校核:
1. 由圖1.3可知,D點(diǎn)彎矩最大,故先驗(yàn)算D處的強(qiáng)度,
∵M(jìn)D >M ,∴取M= M=97.71 N·m,
∵抗彎截面系數(shù):w=∏d3 min /32=3.14×303 /32=2.65×10-6 m3
∴σ=√M2 +T2 / w=√97.712 +86.9552 /2.65×10-3
=44.27≤[σb]-1=59 Mpa
(2).由于C點(diǎn)軸徑較小故也應(yīng)進(jìn)行校核:
∵M(jìn)C >M ,∴取M= M=47.56 N·m,
∵抗扭截面系數(shù):w=∏d3 min /32=3.14×303 /32=2.65×10-6 m3
∴σ=√M2 +T2 / w=√47.562 +86.9552 /2.65×10-6
=35.14≤[σb]-1= 59 Mpa
故該軸滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)度要求
3. 減速器低速軸III的設(shè)計(jì)
a. 選擇材料:由于傳遞中小功率,轉(zhuǎn)速不太高,故選用45優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,按[2]表8-3查得 σB=637 Mpa, [σb]-1=59 Mpa
b. 該軸受力計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖如圖1.2b
齒輪4受力(與齒輪1大小相等方向相反):
圓周力Ft4=2693.87N,徑向力Fr4=980.49 N
c. 求垂直面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
∵ΣMC=0,∴RBY= Ft4L1/( L1+L2)=2693.87×71/(125+71)=1157.52 N
∵ΣY=0,∴Rcy= Ft4- RBY =2693.87-1157.52 =1536.35 N,
∴垂直面內(nèi)D點(diǎn)彎矩MDy= RcyL1=1536.35×55=84.50 N·m ,M= RBY L2=1157.52×125=84.50 N·m
d. 水平面內(nèi)的支撐反力:
MD=97.71 N·m
M=97.66N·m
T =86.955N·m
M= 47.56 N·m
σB=637 Mpa
[σb]-1=59 Mpa
Ft4=2693.87N
Fr4=980.49 N
RBY=1157.52 N
Rcy=1536.35 N
MDy=84.50 N·m
M=84.50 N·m
12.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
∵ΣMC=0,∴RBz=Fr4 L1/( L1+L2)=980.49×70/196
=421.31N
∵ΣZ=0,∴RCz= Fr4- RBz =980.49-421.31=559.18N,
∵水平面內(nèi)D點(diǎn)彎矩MDz= RCz L1=559.18×71=30.75 N·m,M= RBz L2=421.31×125=30.76 N·m
e. 合成彎矩:MD=√M+ M= 90.20 N·m,
M=√M+ M=89.92 N·m
f. 作軸的扭矩圖如圖1.2c所,計(jì)算扭矩:
T=T3=393.197N·m
g. 校核低速軸III:根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[3]第三強(qiáng)度理論校核:
由圖1.2可知,D點(diǎn)彎矩最大,故先驗(yàn)算D處的強(qiáng)度, ∵M(jìn)D >M ,∴取M= MD =90.20 N·m,
又∵抗彎截面系數(shù):w=∏d3 min/32=3.14×423 /32
=7.27×10-6 m3
∴σ=√M2 +T2 / w=√90.20 2 +393.1972 /7.27×10-6
=55.73≤[σb]-1= 59 Mpa
故該軸滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)度要求。
六,滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算
1. 減速器高速I(mǎi)軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算
a. 高速軸的軸承既承受一定徑向載荷,同時(shí)還承受軸向外載荷,選用圓錐滾子軸承,初取d=40㎜,由[1]表4.6-3選用型號(hào)為30208,其主要參數(shù)為:d=40㎜,D=80㎜,Cr=59800 N,е=0.37,Y=1.6,Y0=0.9,Cr0=42800
查[2]表9-6當(dāng)A/R≤е時(shí),X=1,Y=0;
當(dāng)A/R頁(yè):15
>е時(shí),X=0.4,Y=1.6
b. 計(jì)算軸承D的受力(圖1.5),
(1)支反力RB=√ R+ R=√36.252 +269.272 =271.70 N,RC=√ R+ R=√1184.792 +353.692 =1236.46 N
(2)附加軸向力(對(duì)滾子軸承 S=Fr/2Y)
RBz=421.31N
RCz=559.18N
MDz=30.75 N·m
M=30.76 N·m
MD=90.20 N·m
M=89.92 N·m
T= 393.197N·m
M= 90.20 N·m
選用圓錐滾子軸承30208
(GB/T297-94)
RB=271.70 N
RC=1236.46 N
13.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
∴SB=RB/2Y=271.70/3=90.57 N,
SC=RC /2Y=1236.46/3=412.15 N
c. 軸向外載荷 FA=Fa1=101.33 N
d. 各軸承的實(shí)際軸向力 AB=max(SB,F(xiàn)A -SC)
= FA -SC =310.82 N,AC=(SC,F(xiàn)A +SB)= SC =412.15 N
e. 計(jì)算軸承當(dāng)量動(dòng)載 由于受較小沖擊查[2]表9-7 fd=1.2,又軸I受較小力矩,取fm =1.5
∵ AB/RB=310.82/271.70=1.144>е=0.37 ,
取X=0.4,Y=1.6,
∴PB= fdfm(X RB +YAB)=1.8×(0.4×271.7+1.6×310.82)=1090.79 N
∵AC/ RC =412.15/1236.46=0.33<е=0.37 ,取X=1,Y=0,
∴PC= fdfm(X RC +YAC)=1.2×1.5×1×1236.46
= 2225.63N
f. 計(jì)算軸承壽命 又PB <PC,故按PC計(jì)算,查[2]表9-4 得ft=1.0
∴L10h=106 (ftC/P)/60n1=106 (59800/2225.63)10/3 /(60×960)=0.12×106 h,按每年250個(gè)工作日,每日一班制工作,即L1=60.26>L=11年
故該軸承滿(mǎn)足壽命要求。
2. 減速器低速I(mǎi)I軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算
a. 高速軸的軸承既承受一定徑向載荷,同時(shí)還承受軸向外載荷,選用圓錐滾子軸承,初取d=35㎜,由[1]表4.6-3選用型號(hào)為30207,其主要參數(shù)為:d=35㎜,D=72㎜,Cr=51500 N,е=0.37,Y=1.6,Y0=0.9,Cr0=37200
查[2]表9-6當(dāng)A/R≤е時(shí),X=1,Y=0;
當(dāng)A/R頁(yè):16
>е時(shí),X=0.4,Y=1.6
b. 計(jì)算軸承D的受力(圖1.6)
1. 支反力RB=√R+R=√1919.262 +547.232 =1995.75 N
SB=90.57 N
SC=412.15 N
FA=101.33 N
AB=310.82 N
AC=412.15 N
PB=1090.79 N
PC=2225.63N
選用圓錐滾子軸承30207
(GB/T297-94)
RB=1995.75 N
14.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
RA=√ R + R =√750.702 +353.692 =922.23 N
2. 附加軸向力(對(duì)滾子軸承 S=Fr/2Y)
∴SB=RB /2Y=1995.75/3.2=623.67 N,
SA=RA/2Y=922.23/3.2=288.20 N
c. 軸向外載荷 FA=Fa2=101.33 N
d. 各軸承的實(shí)際軸向力 AB=max(SB,F(xiàn)A +SA)= SB =623.67 N,AA=(SA,F(xiàn)A-SB)= FA-SB =522.34 N
e. 計(jì)算軸承當(dāng)量動(dòng)載 由于受較小沖擊查[2]表9-7 fd=1.2,又軸I受較小力矩,取fm =1.5
∵ AB/RB=623.67/1995.75=0.312<е=0.37,取X=1,Y=0
∴PB= fd fm(X RB +YAB)=1.2×1.5×1995.75=3592.35 N
∵AA/ RA =522.34/922.23=0.566>е=0.37,取X=0.4,Y=1.6
∴PA= fd fm(X RA +YAA)
=1.8×(0.4×922.23+1.6×522.34)=2168.34N
f. 計(jì)算軸承壽命
又PB >PA,故按PB計(jì)算,查[2]表9-4 得ft=1.0
∴L10h=106 (ftC/P)/60n2=106 (51500/3592.35)10/3 /(60×303.673)=0.1833×106 h,按每年250個(gè)工作日,每日一班制工作,即L1=91.65>L=11年
故該軸承滿(mǎn)足壽命要求。
3. 減速器低速I(mǎi)II軸滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與壽命計(jì)算
a. 高速軸的軸承只承受一定徑向載荷,選用深溝球軸承,初取d=55㎜,由[1]表4.6-3選用型號(hào)為6211,其主要參數(shù)為:d=55㎜,D=100㎜,Cr=33500 N,Cr0=25000
b. 計(jì)算軸承D的受力(圖1.5)
支反力RB=√ R+ R=√1157.522 +421.312 =1231.81 N,RC=√ R+ R=√1536.352 +559.182 =1634.95 N
c. 軸向外載荷 FA=0 N
RA=922.23 N
SB=623.67 N
SA=288.20 N
FA= 101.33 N
AB=623.67 N
AA=522.34 N
PB=3592.35 N
PA=2168.34N
選用深溝球軸承6211
(GB/T276-94)
RB=1231.81 N
RC=1634.95 N
FA=0 N
15.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
d. 計(jì)算軸承當(dāng)量動(dòng)載 由于受較小沖擊查[2]表9-7
fd =1.2,又軸I受較小力矩,取fm =1.5
∴PB= fdfm RB =1.2×1.5×1231.8=2256.5 N
∴PC= fd fm RC =1.2×1.5×1×1634.95= 2942.91N
e. 計(jì)算軸承壽命
又PB <PC,故按PC計(jì)算,查[2]表9-4 得ft=1.0
∴L10h=106 (ftC/P)/60n3=106 (33500 /2942.91)10/3 /(60×63.829)=27.41×106 h,按每年250個(gè)工作日,每日一班制工作,即L1=399.45>L=11年故該軸承滿(mǎn)足壽命要求。
七,鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和驗(yàn)算
1.聯(lián)軸器與高速軸軸伸的鍵聯(lián)接
采用圓頭普通平鍵(GB1095-79 ,GB1096-79),由d=30㎜,查[1]表4.5-1得 b×h=8×7,因半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)為60㎜,故取鍵長(zhǎng)L=50㎜ ,
即d=30㎜,h=7㎜,L1 =L-b=42㎜,T1=28.38 N·m,
由輕微沖擊,查 [2]表2-10得 [σP]=100 Mpa
∴σP=4T/dhL1 =4×29.844/(30×7×42)
=12.87<[σP]=100 Mpa
故此鍵聯(lián)接強(qiáng)度足夠。
2. 小圓錐齒輪與高速軸I的的鍵聯(lián)接
采用圓頭普通平鍵(GB1095-79 ,GB1096-79),由d=20㎜,查[1]表4.5-1得 b×h=6×6,因小圓錐齒輪寬為55㎜,故取鍵長(zhǎng)L=42㎜
即d=20㎜,h=6㎜,L1 =L-b=36㎜,T1=29.844N·m,
由輕微沖擊,查 [2]表2-10得 [σP]=100 Mpa
∴σP=4T/dhL1 =4×29.844/(20×6×36)
=27.63<[σP]=100 Mpa
故此鍵聯(lián)接強(qiáng)度足夠。
3. 大圓錐齒輪與低速軸II的的鍵聯(lián)接
PB=2256.5 N
PC= 2942.91N
L=50㎜
d=30㎜
h=7㎜
L1 =42㎜
T1=28.38 N·m
L=42㎜
d=20㎜
h=6㎜
L1 = 36㎜
T1=29.844N·m
16.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
采用圓頭普通平鍵(GB1095-79 ,GB1096-79),由d=50㎜,查[1]表4.5-1得 b×h=14×9,因大圓錐齒輪寬為50㎜,故取鍵長(zhǎng)L=44㎜
即d=50㎜,h=9㎜,L1 =L-b=30㎜,T2=86.955 N·m,
由輕微沖擊,查 [2]表2-10得 [σP]=100 Mpa
∴σP=4T/dhL1 =4×86.955/(50×9×30)
=25.76<[σP]=100 Mpa
故此鍵聯(lián)接強(qiáng)度足夠。
4. 大圓柱齒輪與低速軸III的的鍵聯(lián)接
采用圓頭普通平鍵(GB1095-79 ,GB1096-79),由d=60㎜,查[1]表4.5-1得 b×h=18×11,因大圓柱齒輪寬為64㎜,故取鍵長(zhǎng)L=54㎜ ,即d=60㎜,h=11㎜,L1 =L-b=36㎜,T3=393.197 N·m,
由輕微沖擊,查 [2]表2-10得 [σP]=100 Mpa
∴σP=4T/dhL1 =4×393.197 /(60×11×36)
=66.19<[σP]=100 Mpa
故此鍵聯(lián)接強(qiáng)度足夠。
5. 低速軸III與輸出聯(lián)軸器的鍵聯(lián)接
采用圓頭普通平鍵(GB1095-79 ,GB1096-79),由d=42㎜,查[1]表4.5-1得 b×h=12×8,因半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)為84㎜,故取鍵長(zhǎng)L=72㎜ ,即d=42㎜,h=8㎜,L1 =L-b=60㎜,T4=381.527 N·m,
由輕微沖擊,查 [2]表2-10得 [σP]=100 Mpa
∴σP=4T/dhL1 =4×381.527 /(42×8×60)
=75.70<[σP]=100 Mpa
故此鍵聯(lián)接強(qiáng)度足夠。
八,聯(lián)軸器的選擇
1. 輸入端聯(lián)軸器的選擇
根據(jù)工作情況的要求,決定高速軸與電動(dòng)機(jī)軸之間選用
L=44㎜
d=50㎜
h=9㎜
L1 =30㎜
T2=86.955 N·m
L=54㎜
d=60㎜
h=11㎜
L1 =36㎜
T3=393.197 N·m
L=72㎜
d=42㎜
h=8㎜
L1 =60㎜
T4=381.527 N·m
17.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
彈性柱銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器。
按參考文獻(xiàn)[3],計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩為
Tc=KAT,由載荷平穩(wěn),沖擊較小查[2]表6-6有 KA=1.15,
又∵T=29.844 N·m
∴Tc=1.15×29.844=34.32 N·m
根據(jù)Tc=34.32 N·m小于Tpmax,n =n0=960r/min小于許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速及電動(dòng)機(jī)軸伸直徑d0=38 mm,高速軸軸伸直徑d=30 mm,查[1]表4.7-1
選用HL3型其公稱(chēng)轉(zhuǎn)矩Tpmax=630 N·m許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速n=5000r/min,軸孔直徑范圍d=30~48 mm孔長(zhǎng)L1=82 mm,L2=60mm,滿(mǎn)足聯(lián)接要求。
標(biāo)記為:聯(lián)軸器HL4型(Y38×82,30×60)GB5014-85
2. 輸出端聯(lián)軸器的選擇
根據(jù)工作情況的要求,決定低速軸與卷筒軸之間也選用柱彈性銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器。
按參考文獻(xiàn)[3],計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩為
Tc=KAT,由載荷不均勻,沖擊較小查[2]表6-6有 KA=1.2,
又∵T=81.527 N·m
∴Tc=1.2×81.527 =97.83 N·m
根據(jù)Tc=97.83 N·m小于Tpmax,n =n0=960r/min小于許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速及輸出軸軸伸直徑d0=42 mm,卷筒軸軸伸直徑d=56 mm,查[1]表4.7-1
選用HL4型其公稱(chēng)轉(zhuǎn)矩Tpmax=1250 N·m許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速n=4000r/min,軸孔直徑范圍d=40~56 mm孔長(zhǎng)L1=112 mm,L2=84mm,滿(mǎn)足聯(lián)接要求。
標(biāo)記為:聯(lián)軸器HL4型(Y42×84,56×112)GB5014-85
八, 潤(rùn)滑油的選擇與熱平衡計(jì)算
1. 減速器的熱平衡計(jì)算
一般情況下,連續(xù)工作時(shí)減速器的齒輪傳動(dòng)由摩擦損耗的
Tc=34.32 N·m
選用聯(lián)軸器HL4型(Y38×82,
30×60)GB5014-85
Tc=97.83 N·m
選用聯(lián)軸器HL4型(Y42×84,56×112)GB5014-85
18.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
功率為 Pf=P(1-η)kw,
且減速器傳動(dòng)的總效率η=η1η3 3η4η5η6=0.96×0.983 ×0.99×0.95×0.97=0.824
則由[2]可知產(chǎn)生的熱流量為 H1=1000P0(1-η)
=1000×3×0.176=528 W
以自然冷卻方式,能叢箱體外壁散逸到周?chē)諝庵械臒崃髁繛? {箱體散熱系數(shù)取Kd=16W/(㎡·℃),且經(jīng)計(jì)算箱體散熱總面積為A=1.06㎡} 所以,由[2]6-21有
t≥t0+1000P0(1-η)/(KdA)=20+528/(16×1.06)
=51.13℃
2. 潤(rùn)滑油的選擇
由于是中低速一般閉式齒輪傳動(dòng)且齒面應(yīng)力小于500 Mpa
又∵v=1.113<5 m/s,箱體溫度t=51.13<55℃
按[2]表5-12得 所需潤(rùn)滑油黏度為680,
∴由黏度680,查[1]表4.8-1得
選用代號(hào)為680的抗氧防銹工業(yè)齒輪油(SY1172-1980)
19.
計(jì)算內(nèi)容
計(jì)算結(jié)果
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沈陽(yáng):東北大學(xué)出版社 2000
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20.