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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué) 院：機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程
姓 名：
學(xué) 號(hào)：
專業(yè)班級(jí)：
指導(dǎo)老師：
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目名稱
液壓平衡吊參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名
一、 選題的目的和意義：
目的
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是我們大學(xué)生活最后一項(xiàng)重要學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)；是對(duì)四年所學(xué)知識(shí)的總結(jié)和靈活運(yùn)用;而且是在一段相對(duì)集中的時(shí)間段內(nèi)對(duì)自己知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)檢測(cè)，完善自己在本科學(xué)習(xí)階段的知識(shí)匯總與繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)彌補(bǔ)，是我們結(jié)束本科學(xué)習(xí)，走上工作崗位或進(jìn)一步深造的必由之路，對(duì)于我們意義重大。選擇液壓平衡吊這種機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì)作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的選題，能培養(yǎng)我獨(dú)立解決工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力，通過(guò)這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)所學(xué)基本理論和專業(yè)知識(shí)的一次綜合運(yùn)用，也使我們的設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算和繪圖能力都得到了全面的訓(xùn)練。可以達(dá)到以下幾個(gè)目的：
（1） 鞏固、擴(kuò)大和深化我們以前所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)課、專業(yè)課知識(shí)；
（2） 培養(yǎng)我們綜合分析、理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力；
（3） 培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神、合作意識(shí)的能力。
（4） 鍛煉自己的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、數(shù)據(jù)處理、編寫技術(shù)資料、繪圖等工作能力；
并針對(duì)工廠的實(shí)際需要完成對(duì)平衡懸架裝配線的改善，達(dá)到提高裝配效率、降低工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度及獲取企業(yè)最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益的目標(biāo)。
意義
該機(jī)械設(shè)備廣泛使用于機(jī)加工生產(chǎn)車間、零部件裝配和修理車間的吊裝工作，尤其適用于中小批，多品種生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)合的上下料流水作業(yè)線上。該設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)新穎緊湊，效率高、速度快，使用安全可靠，維修簡(jiǎn)單方便，與機(jī)械平衡吊相比可提高生產(chǎn)效率40%，節(jié)約能源50%。該機(jī)械設(shè)備具有以下特點(diǎn)：
1、無(wú)需行程開(kāi)關(guān)，利用油缸自身行程來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)限位，由活塞桿上下運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)帶動(dòng)吊臂的升降運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且設(shè)置有緩沖裝置，工作平穩(wěn)，沖擊小。
2、液壓系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置有安全裝置，在過(guò)載等情況下具有安全保護(hù)作用，避免了機(jī)械平衡吊零部件易損和不安全事故的發(fā)生。
3、液壓平衡吊由于采用液壓油作為工作介質(zhì)，液壓傳動(dòng)裝置能自行潤(rùn)滑，磨損小，噪音低，故使用壽命長(zhǎng)。
4、在起吊同等重量的情況下，液壓傳動(dòng)的電機(jī)功率是機(jī)械傳動(dòng)電機(jī)功率的0.3-0.5倍，節(jié)能降耗。
5、該產(chǎn)品后期維護(hù)費(fèi)用低，僅需更換損壞的密封件即可。
6、本產(chǎn)品立柱及主要部件均采用鑄鋼和鋼板焊接結(jié)構(gòu)件，大大提高了整體的剛性和強(qiáng)度，杜絕了不安全隱患。
二、 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀簡(jiǎn)述：
由于我國(guó)發(fā)展平衡吊的時(shí)間還不長(zhǎng)，作為產(chǎn)品只有幾年的時(shí)間，在某些方面與美，日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比有如下差距：
（1）產(chǎn)品系列還不夠完善
規(guī)格和產(chǎn)品品種較少，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)通用化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度低。目前多為地面固定型，對(duì)于一些特殊用戶還不能滿足。
( 2) 傳動(dòng)控制性能不夠理想
目前，我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型電動(dòng)平衡吊的升降速度為定速傳動(dòng)，為避免起停時(shí)由慣性引起的震動(dòng)，速度都較低，只能用于一般上下料工作，氣動(dòng)和液壓平衡吊可以實(shí)現(xiàn)有級(jí)或無(wú)級(jí)變速，可達(dá)到平穩(wěn)的啟動(dòng)和停止以及較高的移動(dòng)速度，但因控制元件性能不夠理想，故其控制性能有待進(jìn)一步提高。YPD-300型液壓平衡吊和SDB-200型隨動(dòng)臂為隨動(dòng)控制，適于較高的吊裝工作，并可在手部安裝手爪等抓取機(jī)構(gòu)，但目前能在制造廠訂購(gòu)的只有YPD-300型一種。平衡吊在制造方面還有很大的空間和很長(zhǎng)的路要走。對(duì)于平衡吊的設(shè)計(jì)也有大量的工作去做。
三、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）所采用的研究方法和手段：
1 、在上網(wǎng)搜集資料；
2 、上圖書(shū)館搜集資料；
3 、與老師和同學(xué)討論；
4 、參觀制造相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)單位；
5 、通過(guò)現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品了解其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀；
6 、通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖；
7 、設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)能滿足工作要求的平衡吊；
8 、盡量使用通用件以降低成本；
9 、設(shè)計(jì)要充分考慮設(shè)備的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、工藝性、可行性、環(huán)保性；
10 、整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的穩(wěn)定、可靠；
11 、設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中要充分體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念；
四、主要參考文獻(xiàn)與資料獲得情況：
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 配重平衡吊[J]. 機(jī)械工人.冷加工. 1976(01)
[2] 葉光均. 平衡吊的自重平衡問(wèn)題[J]. 機(jī)械工人.冷加工. 1981(02)
[3] 錢偉鑫. 四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)平衡吊具[J]. 機(jī)械工人.冷加工. 1989(05)
[4] 平衡吊車[J]. 機(jī)械工人.冷加工. 1974(10)
[5] 平衡吊車[J]. 電機(jī)與控制應(yīng)用. 1974(03)
[6] 項(xiàng)永清. 平衡吊原理及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算[J]. 中國(guó)鑄造裝備與技術(shù). 1977(02)
[7] 高連華.張國(guó)亮. 平衡吊的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題[J]. 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械. 1986(08)
[8] 張忠成. 機(jī)械廠起重設(shè)備鋼絲繩安全的技術(shù)探討[J]. 中國(guó)新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品. 2008(16)
[9] 起重運(yùn)輸設(shè)備情況索引[J]. 電機(jī)與控制應(yīng)用. 1976(01)
[10] 鄧祁曾. 平衡吊四桿機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì). 1988(06)
[11] 王慶方.平衡吊設(shè)計(jì)的研究[J];鑄造設(shè)備研究;1980年02期
[12] 平衡吊車[J];機(jī)械工人.冷加工;1974年10期
五、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度安排（按周說(shuō)明）：
第1 - 4 周 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，參觀工廠，收集資料；
第 5 周 確定畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目；
第 6-7 周 調(diào)研階段，從圖書(shū)館和網(wǎng)上查閱相關(guān)資料；
第 8 周 完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告，交指導(dǎo)老師檢查；
第 9-14 周 編寫畢業(yè)論文并畫(huà)好圖紙，交指導(dǎo)老師審查；
第15-16周 確定畢業(yè)論文終稿，準(zhǔn)備答辯
六、指導(dǎo)教師審批意見(jiàn)（對(duì)選題的可行性、研究方法、進(jìn)度安排作出評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)是否開(kāi)題作出決定）：
指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名）
年 月 日
畢
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中期檢查報(bào)告
學(xué) 院：機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程
姓 名：牛連防
學(xué) 號(hào)：321104010321
專業(yè)班級(jí)：機(jī)制本1103
指導(dǎo)老師：陳西平教授
河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中期檢查表
指導(dǎo)教師： 陳西平 職稱： 教授
所在院（系）：機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院 教研室（系、研究所）：機(jī)械教研室
題 目
液壓平衡吊參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名
牛連防
專業(yè)班級(jí)
機(jī)制本1103
學(xué)號(hào)
321104010321
一、進(jìn)度情況說(shuō)明：
我的開(kāi)題報(bào)告已經(jīng)完成，自己通過(guò)查找資料從已經(jīng)總體上把握設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。基本完成了對(duì)相關(guān)資料的查閱，對(duì)課題有了總體分析后熟悉了液壓平衡吊平行四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠清楚自己畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的整體思路，知道自己所設(shè)計(jì)裝置的各個(gè)組成部分，清楚自己所需設(shè)計(jì)的主要零件。對(duì)這些知識(shí)的掌握為自己的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)，已經(jīng)開(kāi)始對(duì)課題進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，并通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算對(duì)部分零件的尺寸有了清晰的掌握和理解，為接下來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)順利進(jìn)行做好了準(zhǔn)備。
1、5月10日前完成全部設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，并整理計(jì)算過(guò)程中的重要數(shù)據(jù)和資料，并開(kāi)始進(jìn)行圖形繪制，爭(zhēng)取在五月中旬完成初步圖紙的繪制；
2、5月15日開(kāi)始進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的撰寫，并完善自己的零件圖和裝配圖：
3、5月25日前完成中英文摘要并修改和整理設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)；
4、6月5日前將設(shè)計(jì)的所有材料交指導(dǎo)老師處，而后修改老師指出的不足之處；
5、整理自己的所有資料，準(zhǔn)備答辯。
2、 階段性成果：
1、 經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間查找資料和文獻(xiàn)，基本掌握自己所設(shè)計(jì)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，清楚自己所設(shè)計(jì)裝置的各組成零件，為自己的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)；
2、 在老師和同學(xué)地幫助下使自己能夠?qū)φn題有明確的設(shè)計(jì)思路；
3、 本次設(shè)計(jì)的開(kāi)題報(bào)告已經(jīng)完成，設(shè)計(jì)方法已基本定下，設(shè)計(jì)方案已經(jīng)確定，并對(duì)一些零件的設(shè)計(jì)有了清晰的設(shè)計(jì)步驟；
4、 完成了畢業(yè)論文和畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的一些前期工作；
5、 對(duì)裝置的部分零件圖進(jìn)行了初步地構(gòu)思設(shè)計(jì)。
3、 存在的主要問(wèn)題及解決方法：
存在的主要問(wèn)題：
1、在課題開(kāi)始階段對(duì)裝置的零件組成不是完全明白，對(duì)課題當(dāng)中的一些細(xì)節(jié)沒(méi)有弄明白，自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)不扎實(shí)；通過(guò)查閱資料和老師、同學(xué)的討論基本克服了這些問(wèn)題。
2、課題設(shè)計(jì)中的一些方案不太合理；通過(guò)與老師的交流和在網(wǎng)上查閱資料，對(duì)這些方案進(jìn)行了修改。
3、設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，很多部件的設(shè)計(jì)需要花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間反復(fù)驗(yàn)證才得以確定設(shè)計(jì)方法和思路。
解決方法：
1、自己還要通過(guò)查找更多的資料，更加深入地對(duì)課題的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析；。
2、再好好地復(fù)習(xí)一些相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)；
3、需要在老師指導(dǎo)下，使自己能夠設(shè)計(jì)出更合理的設(shè)計(jì)方案。
4、需要自己對(duì)裝置的功能結(jié)構(gòu)和用途的認(rèn)真思考和分析，才能確定合理的設(shè)計(jì)步驟和方案。
四、指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中的紀(jì)律及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)的完成進(jìn)展等方面的評(píng)語(yǔ)
指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名）
年 月 日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯
學(xué) 院：機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程
姓 名：
學(xué) 號(hào)：
專業(yè)班級(jí)：
指導(dǎo)老師：
Machine tool numerical control reforms
First, CNC systems and the development trend of history
1946 birth of the world's first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools. It and human agriculture, industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankind's entry into the information society laid the foundation. Six years later, in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development.
1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)
Early computer's computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected, but can not meet the requirements of real-time control machine. People have to use digital logic circuit "tied" into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system, known as the hardware connection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the development of components of this phase after three generations, that is, in 1952 the first generation - tube; 1959 of the second generation - transistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.
1.2, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) phase (1970 to present)
To 1970, GM has been a small computer and mass-produced. So it transplant system as the core component of NC, have entered a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) stage (in front of the computer should be "universal" word omitted). To 1971, the United States INTEL company in the world will be the first time the two most core computer components - computing and controller, a large-scale integrated circuit technology integration in a chip, called the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR) , also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
1974 microprocessor to be used in CNC system. This is because the function of the computer is too small to control a machine tool capacity affluent (the time has been used to control more than one machine, called Group Control), as a reasonable economic use of the microprocessor. Minicomputer reliability and then not ideal. Early microprocessor speed and functionality while still not high enough, but can be adopted to solve the multi-processor architecture. As microprocessor core is a general computer components, it is still known as the CNC.
By 1990, PC machines (personal computers, domestic habits that computer) performance has been developed to a high stage, as a CNC system to meet the requirements of the core components. NC system based on PC has now entered the stage.
In short, CNC has also experienced a stage three generations. That is, in 1970's fourth generation - small computer; 1974 of the fifth generation - microprocessors and the sixth-generation 1990 - Based on the PC (called PC-BASED abroad).
Also pointed out that, although the foreign computer has been renamed NC (CNC), but China still customary said Numerical Control (NC). Therefore, we stress the day-to-day "NC", in essence, is that "computer numerically controlled."
1.3, the trend of future development of NC
1.3.1 continue to open, the sixth generation of PC-based development
Based on the PC with the open, low-cost, high reliability, rich in resources such as hardware and software features, and more CNC system manufacturers will embark on this path. At least it used PC as a front-end machine, to deal with the human-machine interface, programming, networking and communications problems, the former NC Some systems have the mandate. PC machine with the friendly interface, will be universal to all CNC system. Remote communications, remote diagnostics and maintenance will be more widespread.
1.3.2 high-speed and high-precision Development
This is to adapt to high-speed and high-precision machine tools to the needs of the development direction.
1.3.3 intelligent direction to the development
With artificial intelligence in the computer field infiltration and the continuing development of the intelligent numerical control system will be continuously improved.
（1）adaptive control technology
CNC system can detect some important information in the process, and automatically adjust system parameters to improve the system running state purposes.
（2）the introduction of expert guidance processing system
the experience of skilled workers and experts, processing and the general rules of law of special deposit system, the process parameters to the database as the foundation, and establish artificial intelligence expert system.
（3）introduction of Fault Diagnosis Expert System
（4）intelligent digital servo drives
Automatic Identification can load, and automatically adjust parameters to get the best drive system operation.
Second, CNC of the need for transformation
2.1, microscopic view of the necessity of
From the micro perspective, CNC machine tools than traditional machines have the following prominent superiority, and these advantages are from the NC system includes computer power.
2.1.1 can be processed by conventional machining is not the curve, surface and other complex parts
Because computers are superb computing power can be accurately calculated instantaneous each coordinate axis movement exercise should be instantaneous, it can compound into complex curves and surfaces.
2.1.2 automated processing can be achieved, but also flexible automation to increase machine efficiency than traditional 3 to 7 times.
Because computers are memory and storage capacity, can be imported and stored procedures remember down, and then click procedural requirements to implement the order automatically to achieve automation. CNC machine tool as a replacement procedures, we can achieve another work piece machining automation, so that single pieces and small batch production can be automated, it has been called "flexible automation."
2.1.3 high precision machining parts, the size dispersion of small, easy to assemble, no longer needed "repair."
2.1.4 processes can be realized more focused, in part to reduce the frequent removal machine.
2.1.5 have automatic alarm, automatic control, automatic compensation, and other self-regulatory functions, thus achieving long unattended processing.
2.1.6 derived from the benefits of more than five.
Such as: reducing the labor intensity of the workers, save the labor force (one can look after more than one machine), a decrease of tooling, shorten Trial Production of a new product cycle and the production cycle, the market demand for quick response, and so on.
These advantages are our predecessors did not expect, is a very major breakthrough. In addition, CNC machine tools or the FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell), FMS (flexible manufacturing system) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), and other enterprises, the basis of information transformation. NC manufacturing automation technology has become the core technology and basic technology.
2.2, the macro view of the necessity
From a macro perspective, the military industrial developed countries, the machinery industry, in the late 1970s, early 1980s, has begun a large-scale application of CNC machine tools. Its essence is the use of information technology on the traditional industries (including the military, the Machinery Industry) for technological transformation. In addition to the manufacturing process used in CNC machine tools, FMC, FMS, but also included in the product development in the implementation of CAD, CAE, CAM, virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the MIS (Management Information System), CIMS, and so on. And the products that they produce an increase in information technology, including artificial intelligence and other content. As the use of information technology to foreign forces, the depth of Machinery Industry (referred to as information technology), and ultimately makes their products in the international military and civilian products on the market competitiveness of much stronger. And we in the information technology to transform traditional industries than about 20 years behind developed countries. Such as possession of machine tools in China, the proportion of CNC machine tools (CNC rate) in 1995 to only 1.9 percent, while Japan in 1994 reached 20.8 percent, every year a large number of imports of mechanical and electrical products. This also explains the macro CNC transformation of the need.
Third, CNC machine tools and production lines of the transformation of the market
3.1, CNC transformation of the market
My current machine total more than 380 million units, of which only the total number of CNC machine tool 113,400 Taiwan, or that China's CNC rate of less than 3 percent. Over the past 10 years, China's annual output of about 0.6 CNC machine tools to 0.8 million units, an annual output value of about 1.8 billion yuan. CNC machine tools annual rate of 6 per cent. China's machine tool easements over age 10 account for more than 60% below the 10 machines, automatic / semi-automatic machine less than 20 per cent, FMC / FMS, such as a handful more automated production line (the United States and Japan automatic and semi-automatic machine, 60 percent above). This shows that we the majority of manufacturing industries and enterprises of the production, processing equipment is the great majority of traditional machine tools, and more than half of military age is over 10 years old machine. Processing equipment used by the prevalence of poor quality products, less variety, low-grade, high cost, supply a long period, in view of the international and domestic markets, lack of competitiveness, and a direct impact on a company's products, markets, efficiency and impact The survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, we must vigorously raise the rate of CNC machine tools.
3.2, import equipment and production lines of the transformation of NC market
Since China's reform and opening up, many foreign enterprises from the introduction of technology, equipment and production lines for technological transformation. According to incomplete statistics, from 1979 to 1988 10, the introduction of technological transformation projects are 18,446, about 16.58 billion US dollars.
These projects, the majority of projects in China's economic construction play a due role. Some, however, the introduction of projects due to various reasons, not equipment or normal operation of the production line, and even paralyzed, and the effectiveness of enterprises affected by serious enterprise is in trouble. Some of the equipment, production lines introduced from abroad, the digestion and absorption of some bad, spare parts incomplete, improper maintenance, poor operating results; only pay attention to the introduction of some imported the equipment, apparatus, production lines, ignore software, technology, and management, resulting in items integrity, and potential equipment can not play, but some can not even start running, did not play due role, but some production lines to sell the products very well, but not because of equipment failure production standards; because some high energy consumption, low pass rate products incur losses, but some have introduced a longer time, and the need for technological upgrading. Some of the causes of the equipment did not create wealth, but consumption of wealth.
These can not use the equipment, production lines is a burden, but also a number of significant assets in stock, wealth is repaired. As long as identifying the main technical difficulties, and solve key technical problems, we can minimize the investment and make the most of their assets in stock, gain the greatest economic and social benefits. This is a great transformation of the market.
Fourth, NC transformation of the content and gifted missing
4.1, the rise of foreign trade reform
In the United States, Japan and Germany and other developed countries, and their machine transform ation as new economic growth sector, the business scene, is in a golden age. The machine, as well as technology continues to progress, is a machine of the "eternal" issue. China's machine tool industry transformation, but also from old industries to enter the CNC technology mainly to the new industries. In the United States, Japan, Germany, with CNC machine tools and technological transformation of production lines vast market, has formed a CNC machine tools and production lines of the new industry. In the United States, transforming machine tool industry as renewable (Remanufacturing) industry. Renewable industry in the famous companies: Borsches engineering company, atoms machine tool company, Devlieg-Bullavd (Bo) services group, US equipment companies. Companies in the United States-run companies in China. In Japan, the machine tool industry transformation as machine modification (Retrofitting) industry. Conversion industry in the famous companies: Okuma engineering group, Kong 3 Machinery Company, Chiyoda Engineering Company, Nozaki engineering company, Hamada engineering companies, Yamamoto Engineering Company.
4.2, the content of NC
Machine tools and production line NC transformation main contents of the following:
One is the restoration of the original features of the machine tools, production line of the fault diagnosis and recovery; second NC, in the ordinary machine augends significant installations, or additions to NC system, transformed into NC machine tools, CNC machine tools; its Third, renovation, to improve accuracy, efficiency and the degree of automation, mechanical, electrical part of the renovation, re-assembly of mechanical parts processing, restore the original accuracy of their production requirements are not satisfied with the latest CNC system update; Fourth, the technology updates or technical innovation, to enhance performance or grades, or for the use of new technology, new technologies, based on the original technology for large-scale update or technological innovation, and more significantly raise the level, and grades of upgrading.
4.3, NC transformation of the gifted missing
4.3.1 reduce the amount of investment, shorter delivery time
Compared with the purchase of new machine, the general can save 60% to 80% of the costs and transforming low-cost. Especially for large, special machine tools particularly obvious. General transformation of large-scale machine, spent only the cost of the new machine purchase 1 / 3, short delivery time. But some special circumstances, such as high-speed spindle, automatic tray switching systems and the production of the installation costs too costly and often raise the cost of 2 to 3 times compared with the purchase of new machine, only about 50 percent of savings investment.
4.3.2 stable and reliable mechanical properties, structure limited
By the use of bed, column, and other basic items are heavy and solid casting components, rather than kind of welding components of the machine after the high-performance, quality, and can continue to use the new equipment for many years. But by the mechanical structure of the original restrictions, it is not appropriate to the transformation of a breakthrough.
4.3.3 become familiar with the equipment, ease of operation and maintenance
The purchase of new equipment, new equipment do not know whether to meet the processing requirements. Transformation is not, can be used to calculate the machine processing capacity; In addition, since the use of many years, the operator of the machine has long been understood that in the operation, use and maintenance of the training time is short, quick. Transformation of the machine tools installed, we can achieve full load operation.
4.3.4 can take full advantage of the existing conditions
Take full advantage of the existing foundation, not like buying new equipment as necessary to build a foundation.
4.3.5 can be used as control technology
According to the development speed of technological innovation and in a timely manner increased level of automation in production equipment and efficiency, improve the quality of equipment and grades, and the old machine will be replaced by the current level of machine.
Fifth， the choice of NC System
NC system are the three major types of transformation, in accordance with specific circumstances Choose.
5.1, stepper motor drive the open-loop system
The servo drive system is stepper motor, stepper motor power, such as electro-hydraulic pulse motor. NC system by sending commands to the progress of pulse, the drive control and power amplifier circuit, the stepper motor rotate through the gears with ball screw drive of the implementation of parts. As long as control commands the number of pulses, frequency and electricity sequence can control the implementation of parts of the displacement movement, speed and direction of movement. Such a system does not require the test will be the actual position and velocity feedback to the input, so called open-loop system, the system accuracy of the displacement in the major decisions of the stepper motor angular displacement accuracy, transmission gear and other components of the leads crew pitch accuracy, the accuracy of the lower displacement. The system is simple, convenient debugging maintenance, reliable, low cost, easy modification success.
5.2, or asynchronous motor DC Motor Drive, grating feedback loop measurement NC system
And the open-loop system is the difference between a system: from the grating, such as position sensors for simultaneous detection device measured the actual position feedback signals, at any time and to compare the value will be the difference between the two enlarge and change, driven implementing agencies , given the speed of elimination of bias towards the direction of movement, until a given position feedback and the actual location of the margin of zero. Feed the closed-loop system in the structure than to the open-loop system into the complex, high-cost, strict requirements on the environment at room temperature. Design and debugging difficult than open-loop system. However, can be compared to the open-loop system into higher accuracy, faster speed, greater power drive characteristic indicators. Under the technological requirements and decide whether or not to adopt this system.
5.3, AC / DC servo motor drive, the semi-encoder feedback loop NC system
Semi-closed-loop system detection devices installed in the middle of transmission, the implementation of indirect measurement components position. It can only be part of the internal loop compensation system components of the error and, therefore, it compared the accuracy of the closed-loop system of low accuracy, but its structure and debug than simple closed-loop system. Will be in the angular displacement detection devices and speed detection devices and make a servo motor when there was no need to consider the overall position of the installation of detection devices.
NC system for the current production companies more manufacturers, such as the famous German company SIEMENS, Japan FANUC companies; Everest domestic companies such as China, Beijing Aerospace CNC System Corporation, Shenyang and the central high-grade companies NC National Engineering Research Center.
NC selection system is based mainly CNC machine modified to achieve the various precision, motor-driven power and user requirements.
Sixth, the transformation of NC modification of the main mechanical components
A new CNC machine tools in the design to achieve: a high static and dynamic stiffness of movement of the friction coefficient between small, tran