598 實驗用減速器的設計

598 實驗用減速器的設計,實驗,試驗,減速器,設計 外文翻譯資料1Operate introduction操作說明Warning警告Warning notices are used in this publication to emphasize that hazardous voltages, currents, temperatures, or other conditions that could cause personal injury exist in this equipment or may be associated with its use.In situations where inattention could cause either personal injury or damage to equipment, a Warning notice is used.如果不準守指定的操作方法或步驟，有可能使操作者受到傷害或者損壞設備，同時也會傷害操作者。Caution注意Caution notices are used where equipment might be damaged if care is not taken. 如果不準守指定的操作方法或步驟，有可能損壞設備。2 GENERAL WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS2 一般的警告和注意WARNING警告1. Never attempt to machine a work piece without first checking the operation of the machine.Before starting a production run, ensure that the machine is operating correctly by performingA trial run using, for example, the single block, federate override, or machine lock function or by operating the machine with neither a tool nor work piece mounted. Failure to confirm the correct operation of the machine may result in the machine behaving unexpectedly, possibly causing damage to the work piece and/or machine itself, or injury to the user. 1． 零件加工前，一定要首先檢查機床的正常運行。起動加工前，一定要通過試運行確信機床工作正常。例如:用單程序段，進給倍率，或機械的鎖住等在機床不裝工件和刀具時檢查機床是否正確運行。如果機床動作不正確，機床會有誤動作，有可能損壞工件、機床或傷害操作者。2. Before operating the machine, thoroughly check the entered data.Operating the machine with incorrectly specified data may result in the machine behaving 外文翻譯資料2unexpectedly, possibly causing damage to the work piece and/or machine itself, or injury to the user.2． 操作機床之前，請仔細地檢查輸入的數(shù)據(jù)。如果使用了不正確的數(shù)據(jù)，機床可能誤動作，有可能引起工件的損壞、機床本身的損壞或傷害操作者3. Ensure that the specified federate is appropriate for the intended operation. Generally, for each machine, there is a maximum allowable federate. The appropriate federate varies with the intended operation. Refer to the manual provided with the machine to determine the maximum allowable federate. If a machine is run at other than the correct speed, it may behave unexpectedly, possibly causing damage to the work piece and/or machine itself, or injury to the user. 3． 確保指定的進給速度與想要進行的機床操作相適應。通常，每一臺機床都有最大允許進給速度。不同的操作進給速度應不同。請根據(jù)機床廠提供的說明書確定最大進給速度。如果不按正確的速度進行操作，機床有可能誤動作，從而引起工件或機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及操作者4. When using a tool compensation function, thoroughly check the direction and amount of compensation.Operating the machine with incorrectly specified data may result in the machine behaving unexpectedly, possibly causing damage to the work piece and/or machine itself, or injury to the user.4． 當使用刀具補償功能時，請仔細檢查補償方向和補償量。使用不正確的數(shù)據(jù)操作機床，機床可能誤動作，從而有可能引起工件或機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。5. The parameters for the CNC and PMC are factory–set. Usually, there is not need to change them.When, however, there is not alternative other than to change a parameter, ensure that you fully understand the function of the parameter before making any change.Failure to set a parameter correctly may result in the machine behaving unexpectedly, possibly causing damage to the work piece and/or machine itself, or injury to the user.5． CNC 和PMC 的參數(shù)都是工廠設置的，通常不需要修改。當必須修改參數(shù)的時候，在改動參數(shù)之前，請確保對參數(shù)的功能有深入地的理解。如果不能對參數(shù)進行正確的設置，有可能引起機床的誤動作，可能損壞工件，機床外文翻譯資料3本身或傷害操作者。6. Immediately after switching on the power, do not touch any of the keys on the MDI panel until the position display or alarm screen appears on the CNC unit.Some of the keys on the MDI panel are dedicated to maintenance or other special operations.Pressing any of these keys may place the CNC unit in other than its normal state. Starting the machine in this state may cause it to behave unexpectedly.6． 在機床通電之后，CNC 裝置沒有出現(xiàn)位置顯示或報警畫面之前，請不要碰MDI 面板上的任何鍵。MDI 面板上的有些鍵專門用于維護和特殊的操作。按下這其中的任何鍵，可能使CNC 裝置處于非正常狀態(tài)。在這種狀態(tài)下啟動機床，有可能引起機床的誤動作。7. The operator’s manual and programming manual supplied with a CNC unit provide an overall description of the machine’s functions, including any optional functions. Note that the optional functions will vary from one machine model to another. Therefore, some functions described in the manuals may not actually be available for a particular model. Check the specification of the machine if in doubt. 7． 隨CNC 裝置提供的操作說明書和編程說明書對機床的功能進行了完整的敘述，包括各種選擇功能。選擇功能隨機床而變化。因此，本說明書敘述的某些功能，對特定機床實際上并不適用。如有疑問，請查閱機床說明書。WARNING警告8. Some functions may have been implemented at the request of the machine–tool builder. When using such functions, refer to the manual supplied by the machine–tool builder for details of their use and any related cautions.8． 有些功能是在機床制造商的請求下實現(xiàn)的，當使用這些功能時，請參閱由機床制造商提供的說明書，以了解他們的用法和一些相關的注意事項。NOTE注釋Programs, parameters, and macro variables are stored in nonvolatile memory in the CNC unit.Usually, they are retained even if the power is turned off. Such data may be deleted inadvertently, however, or it may prove necessary to delete all data from nonvolatile memory as part of error recovery.To guard against the occurrence of the 外文翻譯資料4above, and assure quick restoration of deleted data, backup all vital data, and keep the backup copy in a safe place. 程序、參數(shù)和宏變量存儲在CNC 裝置的非易失性存儲器中。在斷電的情況下，這些信息仍被保存。然而這些數(shù)據(jù)有可能在無意中被刪除，或者在進行故障診斷時，必須將這些數(shù)據(jù)從非易失性存儲器中刪除。為了避免偶然情況，或保證被刪除數(shù)據(jù)的快速恢復，應備份所有數(shù)據(jù)，并將備份的數(shù)據(jù)妥善保管。3 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS RELATED TOPROGRAMMING3 與編程有關的警告和注意This section covers the major safety precautions related to programming. Before attempting to perform programming, read the supplied operator’s manual and programming manual carefully such that you are fully familiar with their contents.本節(jié)敘述與編程有關的安全措施。在編程之前，請認真閱讀操作和編程說明書，以確保對其內容相當熟悉。WARNING警告1. Coordinate system setting1． 坐標系的設定If a coordinate system is established incorrectly, the machine may behave unexpectedly as a result of the program issuing an otherwise valid move command.Such an unexpected operation may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the user. 如果沒有設置正確的坐標系，盡管指令是正確的，機床也可能不按你想象的動作運動。這種誤動作有可能損壞刀具、機床、工件甚至傷害操作者。2. Positioning by nonlinear interpolation2． 非線性插補定位When performing positioning by nonlinear interpolation (positioning by nonlinear movement between the start and end points), the tool path must be carefully confirmed before performing programming.Positioning involves rapid traverse. If the tool collides with the work piece, it may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the user.當進行非線性插補定位時（在起點和終點之間，利用非線性運動進行定位），在編程之前請仔細確認刀具路徑的正確性。外文翻譯資料5這種定位為快速移動，如果刀具和工件發(fā)生碰撞，有可能損壞刀具，機床、工件甚至傷害操作者。3. Function involving a rotation axis3． 回轉軸的功能When programming polar coordinate interpolation or normal–direction (perpendicular) control, pay careful attention to the speed of the rotation axis. Incorrect programming may result in the rotation axis speed becoming excessively high, such that centrifugal force causes the chuck to lose its grip on the work piece if the latter is not mounted securely.Such mishap is likely to damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the user.當編制極坐標插補或法線方向（垂直）控制時，請?zhí)貏e注意旋轉軸的轉速。不正確的編程有可能導致回轉軸轉速過高，如果工件安裝不牢，由于離心力過大會甩出工件從而導致事故。這樣的事故會導致刀具、機床損壞，甚至傷及操作者。4. Inch/metric conversion4． 英制／公制轉換Switching between inch and metric inputs does not convert the measurement units of data such as the work piece origin offset, parameter, and current position. Before starting the machine, therefore, determine which measurement units are being used. Attempting to perform an operation with invalid data specified may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the user.在英制輸入和公制輸入之間的轉換，并不變更數(shù)據(jù)比如工件的原點、參數(shù)和當前的位置等的測量單位。在開動機床之前，要確定采用哪種測量單位制。如果采用不正確的數(shù)據(jù)進行操作會導致刀具、機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。5. Constant surface speed control5． 恒定端面切削速度的控制When an axis subject to constant surface speed control approaches the origin of the work piece coordinate system, the spindle speed may become excessively high. Therefore, it is necessary to specify a maximum allowable speed. Specifying the maximum allowable speed incorrectly may damage the tool, the machine itself, the 外文翻譯資料6work piece, or cause injury to the user. 當進行恒定端面切削速度控制的坐標軸逼近工件坐標系原點時，主軸的速度可能變得非常高，因此，有必要指定允許的最高速度。如果指定的允許最高速度不合適，有可能損壞刀具、機床本身，工件，甚至傷及操作者。6. Stroke check6． 行程檢查After switching on the power, perform a manual reference position return as required. Stroke check is not possible before manual reference position return is performed. Note that when stroke check is disabled, an alarm is not issued even if a stroke limit is exceeded, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or causing injury to the user.在接通機床電源后，需要進行手動返回零點。在手動回零點前，行程檢查功能無效。注意當不能進行行程檢查時，即使出現(xiàn)超行程，系統(tǒng)也不會發(fā)出警報，這也會造成刀具、機床本身，工件的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。7. Tool post interference check7． 刀架干涉檢查A tool post interference check is performed based on the tool data specified during automatic operation. If the tool specification does not match the tool actually being used, the interference check cannot be made correctly, possibly damaging the tool or the machine itself, or causing injury to the user.After switching on the power, or after selecting a tool post manually, always start automatic operation and specify the tool number of the tool to be used.在自動運行過程中，根據(jù)刀具數(shù)據(jù)會自動進行刀架的干涉檢查。如果指定的刀具和實際使用的刀具不匹配時，則不能正確進行干涉檢查，這會損壞刀具，機床本身，甚至傷及操作者。在接通電源后，或手動選取刀架后，通常需要進行自動運行并指定要使用的刀具號碼。8. Absolute/incremental mode8． 絕對值/增量值方式If a program created with absolute values is run in incremental mode, or vice versa, the machine may behave unexpectedly.如果用絕對坐標值編制的程序在增量值方式下使用時，或者反之，機床有可能不按預想的進行運動。外文翻譯資料79. Plane selection9． 平面選擇If an incorrect plane is specified for circular interpolation, helical interpolation, or a canned cycle, the machine may behave unexpectedly. Refer to the descriptions of the respective functions for details.在執(zhí)行圓弧插補、螺旋插補或固定循環(huán)時，如果使用的平面不正確，機床有可能不按預想的進行動作。請參閱相關功能的詳細敘述。10. Torque limit skipBefore attempting a torque limit skip, apply the torque limit. If a torque limit skip is specified without the torque limit actually being applied, a move command will be executed without performing a skip. 在使用轉矩限制的跳轉功能之前，請先設置轉矩極限。如果指定了轉矩限制跳轉功能，而沒有設置轉矩極限，則僅執(zhí)行移動命令，無轉矩限制跳轉功能。11. Programmable mirror image11． 可編程鏡像功能Note that programmed operations vary considerably when a programmable mirror image is enabled.當執(zhí)行可編程鏡像功能時，機床按鏡像的坐標值運動。12. Compensation function12． 補償功能If a command based on the machine coordinate system or a reference position return command is issued in compensation function mode, compensation is temporarily canceled, resulting in the unexpected behavior of the machine.Before issuing any of the above commands, therefore, always cancel compensation function mode.如果在補償功能方式下，發(fā)出基于機床坐標系的運動命令或參考點返回命令，補償就會暫時取消，這可能會引起機床不可預想的動作。因此在發(fā)出以上命令之前，請先取消補償功能。B–63002EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONSS–74 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS RELATED TO HANDLING4 與操作有關的警告和注意外文翻譯資料8This section presents safety precautions related to the handling of machine tools. Before attempting to operate your machine, read the supplied operator’s manual and programming manual carefully, such that you are fully familiar with their contents.本節(jié)說明與機床操作有關的安全措施。在操作機床之前，請仔細閱讀操作和編程說明書，以確保熟悉相關內容。WARNING警告1. Manual operation1． 手動操作When operating the machine manually, determine the current position of the tool and work piece, and ensure that the movement axis, direction, and federate have been specified correctly.Incorrect operation of the machine may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the operator. 手動操作機床時，要確定刀具和工件的當前位置并保證正確地指定了運動軸，方向和進給速度。機床的誤操作有可能造成刀具、機床本身和工件的損壞，甚至傷害操作者。2. Manual reference position return2． 手動返回零點After switching on the power, perform manual reference position return as required. If the machine is operated without first performing manual reference position return, it may behave unexpectedly. Stroke check is not possible before manual reference position return is performed.An unexpected operation of the machine may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the user.接通電源后，請執(zhí)行手動返回零點。如果機床沒有執(zhí)行手動返回零點就進行操作，機床的運動不可預料。行程檢查功能在執(zhí)行手動返回零點之前不執(zhí)行。機床的誤動作有可能造成刀具，機床本身和工件的損壞，甚至傷害操作者。3. Manual numeric command3． 手動輸入的數(shù)字命令When issuing a manual numeric command, determine the current position of the tool andWork piece, and ensure that the movement axis, direction, and command have been specified correctly, and that the entered values are valid.Attempting to operate 外文翻譯資料9the machine with an invalid command specified may damage the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or cause injury to the operator.當發(fā)出手動的數(shù)字命令時，要確認刀具和工件的當前位置并保證正確地指定了運動軸，方向和進給速度及輸入值是有效的。用無效的命令操作機床有可能會造成刀具，機床本身，工件的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。4. Manual handle feed4． 手輪進給In manual handle feed, rotating the handle with a large scale factor, such as 100, applied causes the tool and table to move rapidly. Careless handling may damage the tool and/or machine, or cause injury to the user.手輪進給時，在較大的倍率（比如100）下旋轉手輪，刀具和工作臺會快速移動。粗心地手輪移動有可能會造成刀具或機床的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。5. Disabled override5． 禁止倍率If override is disabled (according to the specification in a macro variable) during threading, rigid tapping, or other tapping, the speed cannot be predicted, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or causing injury to the operator.在螺紋加工、剛性攻絲或其它攻絲期間，如果倍率被禁止（根據(jù)宏變量的定），速度將不能預測，可能會造成刀具，機床本身和工件的損壞，或者傷害操作者。6. Origin/preset operation6． 原點／原點復位操作Basically, never attempt an origin/preset operation when the machine is operating under the control of a program. Otherwise, the machine may behave unexpectedly, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the tool, or causing injury to the user.一般來說，在機床按照程序運行時，不要進行設原點或原點復位操作。否則，機床有可能出現(xiàn)誤動作，這會造成刀具，機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及操作者。WARNING警告7. Work piece coordinate system shift外文翻譯資料107． 工件坐標系移動Manual intervention, machine lock, or mirror imaging may shift the work piece coordinate system. Before attempting to operate the machine under the control of a program, confirm the coordinate system carefully.If the machine is operated under the control of a program without making allowances for any shift in the work piece coordinate system, the machine may behave unexpectedly, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or causing injury to the operator.手動干預，機械鎖住，或鏡像可能移動工件坐標系。用程序控制機床前，請仔細確認坐標系。用程序控制機床的運行時，如果程序不允許有坐標系移動，任何坐標原點的移動都會使機床產(chǎn)生誤動作，造成刀具、機床本身或工件的損壞，甚至傷及機床操作者。8. Software operator’s panel and menu switches8． 軟操作面板和菜單切換Using the software operator’s panel and menu switches, in combination with the MDI panel, it is possible to specify operations not supported by the machine operator’s panel, such as mode change, override value change, and jog feed commands.結合MDI 面板，使用軟操作面板和菜單切換，可以指定機床操作面板上沒有的操作功能例如方式切換，倍率值改變和手動進給等。Note, however, that if the MDI panel keys are operated inadvertently, the machine may behave unexpectedly, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the work piece, or causing injury to the user.注意：如果對MDI 面板按鍵不小心操作，機床可能會出現(xiàn)誤動作，會導致刀具，機床本身和工件的損壞，或傷害操作者。9. Manual intervention9． 手動干預If manual intervention is performed during programmed operation of the machine, the tool path may vary when the machine is restarted. Before restarting the machine after manual intervention, therefore, confirm the settings of the manual absolute switches, parameters, and absolute/incremental command mode.如果在機床處于程序控制時進行手動干預，當重新啟動程序時，刀具運動外文翻譯資料11軌跡有可能變化。因此，在手動丁預后重新啟動程序之前，請確認手動絕對值開關，參數(shù)和絕對值／增量值命令方式的設定。10. Feed hold, override, and single block10． 進給暫停，倍率和單程序段The feed hold, federate override, and single block functions can be disabled using custom macro system variable #3004. Be careful when operating the machine in this case.進給暫停，倍率和單程序段功能可以用系統(tǒng)的用戶宏變量＃3004 取消，在這種狀態(tài)下操作機床請一定要當心。11. Dry run11． 空運轉Usually, a dry run is used to confirm the operation of the machine. During a dry run, the machine operates at dry run speed, which differs from the corresponding programmed federate. Note that the dry run speed may sometimes be higher than the programmed feed rate.通常，使用空運轉來確認機床操作的正確性。在空運轉期間，機床以空運轉的速度運動，這與程序編入的進給速度不一樣。注意，空運轉的速度有時比編程的進給速率高。12. Cutter and tool nose radius compensation in MDI mode12． 在MDI 方式中的刀具半徑和刀尖半徑的補償Pay careful attention to a tool path specified by a command in MDI mode, because cutter or tool nose radius compensation is not applied. When a command is entered from the MDI to interrupt in automatic operation in cutter or tool nose radius compensation mode, pay particular attention to the tool path when automatic operation is subsequently resumed. Refer to the descriptions of the corresponding functions for details.在MDI 方式中應注意用命令指定的刀具軌跡，在MDI 方式中不能進行刀具半徑或刀尖半徑的補償。當用MDI 輸入指令以中斷處于刀具半徑或刀尖半徑補償方式的運行時，在自動運行方式恢復后要特別注意刀具的路徑。請參閱相應功能的詳細敘述。13. Program editing13． 程序編輯機床外文翻譯資料12If the machine is stopped, after which the machining program is edited (modification, insertion, or deletion), the machine may behave unexpectedly if machining is resumed under the control of that program. Basically, do not modify, insert, or delete commands from a machining program while it is in use.在程序控制下運行時，如果在機床停止后進行加工程序的編輯（修改，插入或刪除），此后在該程序的控制下再次起動機床恢復自動運行時，機床將會發(fā)生不可預料的動作。一般來說，當加工程序還在使用時，請不要修改，插入或者刪除其中的指令。5 WARNINGS RELATED TO DAILY MAINTENANCE5 與日常維護有關的警告WARNING警告1. Memory backup battery replacement1.存儲器后備電池的更換When replacing the memory backup batteries, keep the power to the machine (CNC) turned on, and apply an emergency stop to the machine. Because this work is performed with the power on and the cabinet open, only those personnel who have received approved safety and maintenance training may perform this work.When replacing the batteries, be careful not to touch the high–voltage circuits (marked and fitted with an insulating cover).Touching the uncovered high–voltage circuits presents an extremely dangerous electric shock hazard.當更換存儲器的后備電池時，請保持機床電源（CNC）接通，并且按下機床的緊急停止鍵。因為此項工作是在電源接通和電氣柜打開的狀況下進行的，只有那些接受過安全和維修培訓的人員才可進行。更換電池時，請注意不要觸及高壓電路（有 標記并且裝有絕緣蓋）。接觸到無絕緣蓋的高壓電路會造成嚴重的電擊危險。NOTE注釋The CNC uses batteries to preserve the contents of its memory, because it must retain data such as programs, offsets, and parameters even while external power is not applied.CNC 使用電池來保護存儲器中的內容，當外部電源切斷時，必須保留諸外文翻譯資料13如程序，偏置量和參數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)。If the battery voltage drops, a low battery voltage alarm is displayed on the machine operator’s panel or screen.如果電池電壓降低，會在機床的操作面板或屏幕上顯示低電壓報警。When a low battery voltage alarm is displayed, replace the batteries within a week. Otherwise, the contents of the Conc.’s memory will be lost.當出現(xiàn)電池電壓低的報警時，請在一個星期之內更換電池，否則CNC 內存中的內容會丟失。Refer to the maintenance section of the operator’s manual or programming manual for details of the battery replacement procedure有關電池更換的詳細步驟請參閱操作或者編程說明書的維護部分。WARNING警告2. Absolute pulse coder battery replacement2． 絕對脈沖編碼器電池的更換When replacing the memory backup batteries, keep the power to the machine (CNC) turned on, and apply an emergency stop to the machine. Because this work is performed with the power on and the cabinet open, only those personnel who have received approved safety and maintenance training may perform this work.當更換存儲器后備電池時，請保持機床電源（CNC）接通，并且按下機床的緊急停止鍵。因為這項工作是在電源接通和電氣柜打開的狀況下進行的，只有那些接受過安全和維修培訓的人員才可以進行。When replacing the batteries, be careful not to touch the high–voltage circuits (marked and fitted with an insulating cover).當更換電池時，請注意不要觸及高壓電路（有 標記并且裝有絕緣蓋）。Touching the uncovered high–voltage circuits presents an extremely dangerous electric shock hazard.接觸到無絕緣蓋的高壓電路會造成嚴重的電擊危險。NOTE注釋The absolute pulse coder uses batteries to preserve its absolute position.外文翻譯資料14絕對脈沖編碼器使用電池來保持其絕對位置信息。If the battery voltage drops, a low battery voltage alarm is displayed on the machine operator’s panel or screen.如果電池電壓降低，會在機床的操作面板或屏幕上顯示低電壓報警。When a low battery voltage alarm is displayed, replace the batteries within a week. Otherwise, the absolute position data held by the pulse coder will be lost.當出現(xiàn)電池電壓低的報警時，請在一個星期之內更換電池，否則存儲的編碼器的絕對位置數(shù)據(jù)將丟失。Refer to the maintenance section of the operator’s manual or programming manual for details of the battery replacement procedure.有關電池更換的詳細步驟請參閱操作或者編程說明書的維護部分。WARNING警告3. Fuse replacement3． 保險絲的更換For some units, the chapter covering daily maintenance in the operator’s manual or programming manual describes the fuse replacement procedure.Before replacing a blown fuse, however, it is necessary to locate and remove the cause of the blown fuse.For this reason, only those personnel who have received approved safety and mainte