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走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),語法專項(xiàng)突破,第二部分,專題七 狀語從句,第二部分,一、常考查的9類狀語從句 1．時(shí)間狀語從句。 (1)when指的是“某一具體的時(shí)間”。 When I came into the room，he was writing a letter. 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他正在寫信。 名師點(diǎn)撥 when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，可以看作是并列句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。 One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 一個(gè)星期五，我們正收拾行囊準(zhǔn)備外出度周末時(shí)，突然女兒聽到求救聲。,(2)whenever指的是“在任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間”。 You can ask for help whenever you need it. 你如果需要幫助請隨時(shí)提出來。 (3)while指“在某一段時(shí)間里”，“在……期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的。 Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal. 當(dāng)客人們將要結(jié)束用餐的時(shí)候瑪麗沖完了咖啡。 (4)as(一邊……一邊)引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He hurried home，looking behind as he went. 他急忙趕回家，邊走邊回頭看。,(5)before意為“在……之前，才，就”。 The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her. 女孩還沒來得及按門鈴，門就突然打開了。她的朋友跑出來迎接她。 (6)after意為“在……之后”。 Several years after they'd split up they met again by chance in Beijing. 他們分手幾年以后在北京又偶然相遇。,(7)till/until：如果主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常用肯定式，表示“直到……為止”；如果主句動(dòng)詞是瞬間性動(dòng)詞，要用否定式，表示“直到……才”“在……以前不”，從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，一般用until。 If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see it, or I'll wait until it comes out on DVD。 如果許多人都說一部電影不好的話，我不會費(fèi)心去觀看，或者我將一直等到DVD版本的電影出版。,(8)since的主句動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性的，從句動(dòng)詞為瞬間性的。狀語從句在主句之前時(shí)一般用逗號與主句分開，如從句在主句之后則不必用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。 It is three years since he came here. 他來這里已經(jīng)3年了。 (9)as soon as/hardly.when/no sooner.than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantly：hardly.when和no sooner.than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as，但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時(shí)，從句為過去時(shí)，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時(shí)語氣強(qiáng)，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。,Just use this room for the time being，and we'll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available. 僅暫時(shí)使用此房間，一旦有了大的，我們就提供給你一個(gè)。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他一完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來了。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我剛一到家就開始下雨了。,(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time：在時(shí)間狀語從句中，不能用將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。 Next time you come here，I will tell you. 下次你來這里，我會告訴你的。,名師點(diǎn)撥 時(shí)間狀語從句的3個(gè)重點(diǎn)句型 (1)It will be. before.過多久才…… It will be long before they come back.他們很久才能回來。 (2)It won't be.before. 不久就…… John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job. 約翰覺得不會過很久他就能為新工作作好準(zhǔn)備。 (3)It is/has been.since.自從……以來……時(shí)間,注意：since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用瞬間性動(dòng)詞，表示的時(shí)間是從謂語動(dòng)作算起；如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間是從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束算起。 It has been a decade since he joined the club. 他加入俱樂部已10年了。(從加入俱樂部后算起) It is two years and a half since he was an ambassador to France. 他不擔(dān)任駐法大使已兩年半了。(從不再擔(dān)任大使算起),2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 (1)where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強(qiáng)，多用于書面語。 Today，we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 今天，為了不遺漏要點(diǎn)，我們從昨天結(jié)束的地方開始。 Wherever you go，you must obey the law. 不論你去哪里，都必須要遵守法律。 (2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。 Where there's a will，there's a way. 有志者事竟成。,(3)where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。 where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞，而在定語從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。 When solving the problem a second time，you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake. ＝When solving the problem a second time，you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake. 當(dāng)你第二次解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候，你最好在出過差錯(cuò)的地方更加小心。,3．原因狀語從句。 (1)because用來回答why的提問，語氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后。 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. 這位老人叫露西挪到另一把椅子上因?yàn)樗敫拮影ぶ?(2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首。 Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我們就開始開會吧。,(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中(注意比較for連接的是并列句)。 As he didn't know much English，he looked up the word in the dictionary. 由于他不太懂英語，所以在詞典中查了那個(gè)單詞。 (4)considering that，seeing that，now that和since意義相似，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思，that可以省去。 He finished his task very well，considering that it was quite different. 鑒于這項(xiàng)任務(wù)相當(dāng)特殊，他完成得很不錯(cuò)。,4．目的狀語從句。 (1)so that/in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could等。 The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can live a safe life. 為了其余人能過上安全的生活，我們城市的警察工作很努力。,(2)in order that引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前或之后，so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句之后。 They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 他們比平常工作更努力，目的是能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。,(3)for fear that(唯恐，以防)與in case所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形。 The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him. 男孩藏在樹后以防他父親看見他。 Take your umbrella in case it should rain. 帶上雨傘以防下雨。 He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture。 他準(zhǔn)備好了照相機(jī)以免他看到什么可以成為很好照片的東西而無法拍攝下來。,名師點(diǎn)撥 in case當(dāng)“萬一，如果”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 In case that he leaves，please inform me. 如果他離開，請通知我。,(4)目的狀語從句可以用so as to，in order to等不定式代替，但主句和從句的主語必須一致。 He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. ＝He got up early so as to/in order to catch the early bus. 他早起是為了趕上早班車。,5．結(jié)果狀語從句。 (1)so that前有逗號，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 We turned up the radio，so that everyone heard the news. 我們開大了收音機(jī)的音量，結(jié)果每個(gè)人都聽到了新聞。 (2)so.that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞。 He was so excited that he couldn't say a word. 他如此興奮以至于說不出話來。,(3)such.that中such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a/an.that，還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so.that，語氣較強(qiáng)。 Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. ＝Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him. 杰克是位誠實(shí)的工人，(以至于)我們大家都相信他。,6．條件狀語從句。 常用引導(dǎo)詞：if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。 (1)unless從句的謂語只能用肯定式；unless和if.not同義，unless是書面語，if.not是口語，二者通常可以換用。 The little boy won't go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story. 除非他的媽媽給他講故事，否則這個(gè)小男孩是不會睡覺的。,(2)條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)。 So long as you work hard，you will succeed. 只要努力，你就會成功。,7．方式狀語從句。 (1)as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“按照，正如”。 Do as you are told to. 按照你被告知的那樣去做。 (2)as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣；從句中可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實(shí)，也可以用虛擬語氣表示與事實(shí)相反。 Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever. 杰克沒說一句話，但老師卻對著他微笑，好像他做了什么聰明事似的。,8．讓步狀語從句。 (1)though/although：在句子中一般用了“雖然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”，但可以與yet或still連用；though/although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式。 Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up. 盡管我費(fèi)了好大勁才叫醒弗蘭克，但是他堅(jiān)持說沒有睡著。,(2)even if和even though的意思為“即使，縱使”，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中。 The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，even if they have the interest. 工程師們非常繁忙，即使有戶外體育活動(dòng)的興趣也沒有時(shí)間去做。 Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn't get much exercise. 盡管Tim鍛煉不多，但他身材很好。,(3)as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多用于書面語，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形。 Try as she might，Sue couldn't get the door open. 盡管蘇盡力了，但她沒能把門打開。 (4)no matter(who，what，when，where，which，how.)：no matter與wh-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句意義基本一樣，no matter.引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前或主句后。 No matter how dry a desert may be，it is not necessarily lifeless. 不管沙漠里可能是多么干燥，它也并不一定是沒有生命存在的。,(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever)；however。 ①wh-ever從句中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以和may連用； ②wh-ever可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句。no matter.只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 To show our respect，we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with. 不論我們和誰握手，為了表示尊敬，我們通常要摘掉手套。,(6)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”。 While all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. 雖然他們中所有的人都是強(qiáng)勁的候選人，但是只能選擇其中的一個(gè)來擔(dān)任這個(gè)職位。,9．比較狀語從句。 (1)as.as；not so/as.as；the same.as；such.as。 連詞表示同程度級的比較，肯定句用as.as，否定句可用not as.as或not so.as。 He doesn't run so/as fast as Jack(does)． 他跑得不如杰克快。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter. 亨利不像彼得那樣是位好工人。,(2)than表示不同程度的比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級。 He runs less fast than me. 他跑得不如我快。,二、狀語從句的4種倒裝句式 1．not until置于句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。 Not until we pointed out their faults did they realize it. 直到我們指出他們的錯(cuò)誤，他們才意識到。 2．no sooner與hardly/scarcely引導(dǎo)的主句中謂語應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，而than與when從句中謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)。應(yīng)用倒裝語序。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我們剛到車站，火車就離站了。,3．在so/such.that.句型中，如果so或such置于句首，主句則用部分倒裝。 So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal. 他走得如此快，我們沒有人是他的對手。 4．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句須用倒裝，句型為：adj./adv./n.(一般不帶冠詞)/v.(原形)＋as＋主語＋謂語。 Angry as/though he was，he managed to speak calmly. 盡管他很生氣，但他努力鎮(zhèn)靜地說話。 名師點(diǎn)撥 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形，though也可以用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中(although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般不能倒裝)。,三、狀語從句的4種省略形式 在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句主語一致或從句的主語為it而且從句的謂語又包含be，就可以省略從句中的“主語＋be”部分，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)： 1．連詞＋分詞。 Look out while crossing the street. 過街時(shí)要小心。 2．連詞＋形容詞。 Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的話明天來。,3．連詞＋介詞短語。 While in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall. 在北京的時(shí)候我參觀了長城。 4．連詞＋不定式。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子好像要說點(diǎn)什么。,