《中醫(yī)英語(yǔ)翻譯概論》PPT課件.ppt

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TCMTranslationTheory,中醫(yī)英語(yǔ)翻譯理論,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.1仿造翻譯SL的無(wú)等值詞匯時(shí)，用TL中的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞代換無(wú)等值詞匯的組成部分(詞素/詞)借用英語(yǔ)中已有的相關(guān)單詞來(lái)表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概念肝血liverblood血虛blooddeficiency活血化瘀activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.1仿造句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法從陰陽(yáng)翻則生，逆之翻則死。Following(thelawof)yinandyangensureslife,whileviolatingitleadstodeath.陰虛翻則熱，陽(yáng)虛翻則寒。Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold.,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.2定義化中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)高度凝煉，難以用同樣長(zhǎng)短的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)清楚翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行辨證論治diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns虛脹Flatulenceduetoyang-deficiencyofthespleenandkidney,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.2定義化缺點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)潔變?nèi)唛L(zhǎng)，違反科技術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯、使用的原翻則和語(yǔ)境難以配合有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)英譯邁向規(guī)范簡(jiǎn)化處理辨證論治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation(Li)identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment(Wiseman)虛脹deficiency-flatulencevacuitydistension,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.3詞義分化同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)在不同語(yǔ)境下，可以有不同涵義(一詞多義polysemy)同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語(yǔ)表達(dá)(同義詞synonymy)虛asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction……,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.3詞義分化脾虛astheniaofthespleen(Li)spleenvacuity(Wiseman)spleendeficiency(WHOdraft)*脾虛水泛hypofunctionofthespleen*(Li)體虛weakness/debility,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.3詞義分化必須考慮語(yǔ)境a)腎藏精，精舍志。「精」指精氣Thekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities.b)精1傷翻則骨痠痿厥，精2時(shí)自下?！妇?」指「腎精」；「精2」指「精液」Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswellascoldsensationinthelimbs,whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission.,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.3詞義分化(續(xù))必須考慮語(yǔ)境c)脈理精微，其體難辨?！妇怪浮妇睢筎hetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate.,1中醫(yī)翻譯概論,1.4拼音化當(dāng)英語(yǔ)無(wú)法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯氣Vitalenergy*Qi動(dòng)筆！whichterm(s)shouldbephoneticallytranscribed?四氣五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes(Li)fournaturesandfiveflavors(Wiseman)滋陰降火nourishingyintoreducefireenrichingyinanddownbearingfire,2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,2.1詞匯缺口(lexicalgap)翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好五行fiveelements,fivephases,wuxing命門(mén)gateoflife,vitalgate,vitaport,mingmen三焦threewarmers,tripleburners,threeheaters,tripleenergizers,sanjiao五臟fivesolidorgans,fivebowels,fivezang-organs,fivezang-visceras,wuzang,2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,2.2理解偏差歷時(shí)、文化因素，使得術(shù)語(yǔ)理解困難失笑散PowderforLostSmiles*SuddenSmilePowder黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)YellowEmperor’sInternalMedicine*(Huangdi’s)CanonofMedicineHuangdi’sClassicsonMedicineHuangdi’sInternalClassicHuangdiNeijing,2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅,2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅,2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅(續(xù)),2中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅(續(xù)),3中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐,3.1借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)動(dòng)筆！心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆,palpitationconstipationloose/sloppystoolenuresis/incontinence*jaundiceanorexia*,poorappetite/torpidintake,3中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐,3.2直譯動(dòng)筆！陽(yáng)化氣陰中之陰木生火抑木扶土補(bǔ)母瀉子*心開(kāi)竅於舌脾主運(yùn)化*肺主氣司呼吸,yangtransformingintoqiyinwithinyinwoodgenerates/generatingfireinhibitingwoodtostrengthenearthsupplementingmother-organanddrainingchildorganheartopensintothetonguethespleengovernstransportation/movementandtransformationthelunggovernsqiandmanagesrespiration,3中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐,3.2直譯動(dòng)筆！陰陽(yáng)失調(diào)脾失健運(yùn)肝不藏血胃失和降腎陽(yáng)不足,yin-yangdisharmony/imbalancebetweenyinandyangspleenfailingtomoveandtransform/dysfunctionofspleen;failureofspleenintransportationliverfailingtostoreblood/inabilityofthelivertostorebloodimpairedharmoniousdownbearingofthestomach/failureofgastricqitodescendinsufficiencyofkidneyyang/insufficiencyofrenalyang,3中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐,3.3意譯「天行赤眼」acutecontagiousconjunctivitisvs.heaven-currentredeye「纏腰火丹」herpeszosteraroundthewaistvs.girdlingfirecinnabar「子盜母氣」child-organdisorderinvolvingitsmotherorganvs.childstealsthemother’sqi,3中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐,3.4音意結(jié)合元?dú)鈖rimordialqi,originalqi,congenitalqi正氣healthyqi,rightqi,genuineqi,vitalqi宗氣pectoralqi,thoracicqi,ancestralqi中氣gastrosplenicqi*,middleqi,centerqi營(yíng)氣nutrientqi,constructionqi腎氣kidney-qi,renalqi*,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),三焦，是中醫(yī)學(xué)臟腑學(xué)說(shuō)中一個(gè)特有的名詞。Theterm,triplewarmer,ispeculiartoTCM.三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。Itisacollectivenameoftheupper,middleandlowerwarmerandisoneofthesixbowels.關(guān)於三焦的型態(tài)與實(shí)質(zhì)，中醫(yī)界眾說(shuō)紛紜，至今尚無(wú)定論。InthefieldofTCM,nounanimousconclusionhasbeendrawnabouttheformandcruxofthetriplewarmer.,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),一般認(rèn)為，三焦是包羅人體所有內(nèi)臟的一個(gè)大臟，Itisgenerallyrecognizedthat“triplewarmer”isalargebowelcontainingalltheinternalorgans.如明?張介賓說(shuō)：「三焦者，確有一腑，蓋臟腑之外，軀殼之內(nèi)，包羅諸臟，一腔之大腑也。」Forinstance,ZhangJiebin,amedicalmanintheMingdynasty,said,“Triplewarmeris,infact,abowel.Itisoutsideallthevisceraandbowelsbutwithinthebody,containsalltheotherorgansandisthelargestbowelwithinthebodycavity.”,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),在中醫(yī)理論中，三焦也是劃分軀體部位的一個(gè)概念。InthetheoryofTCMtheterm“triplewarmer”isalsousedtolocatethebodyparts.即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、腎、大小腸、膀胱、女子胞等。Theupperwarmeristheportionofthebodycavityabovethediaphragmwhichhousestheheartandthelung.Themiddlewarmeristheportionbetweenthediaphragmandumbilicus(navel)whichhousesthespleenandthestomach.Thelowerwarmeristheportionbelowtheumbilicuswhichhousestheliver,thekidney,theurinarybladder,theintestinesandtheuterus.,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),其中肝臟，按其部位來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)歸劃中焦。Accordingtotheliver’slocation,itcanbeclearlyseenthattheliverisanorganwithinthemiddlewarmer.但中醫(yī)認(rèn)為，肝腎同源，關(guān)係密切，故將肝腎同劃歸下焦。Butitissaidthattheliverisanorganwithinthelowerwarmer.Why?BecauseTCMbelievesthattheliverandthekidneyhavethesamesource(acommonsource)andacloserelationship,thusputstheliverintothelowerwarmer(togetherwiththekidney).,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),三焦的生理功能，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，是總司人體氣化。Generallyspeaking,thephysiologicalfunctionsoftriplewarmercontroltheactivitiesoftheqiofthehumanbody.分開(kāi)來(lái)說(shuō)，上焦主呼吸、主宣發(fā)(實(shí)指心、肺的功能)，即把積於胸中的「氣」宣布、布達(dá)全身，若霧露之溉，故稱「上焦如霧」；Theupperwarmercontrolsrespiration,andactivatestheflowofvitalenergy,bloodandbodyfluid(referringto,infact,thefunctionsoftheheartandlung),i.e.,itdispersespectoralqiaccumulatedinthechesttoallpartsofthebodyjustasfoganddewmoistentheearth.ThisiswhyTCMsaysthat“Theupperwarmerislikeasprinklerfordistributingnutrientsandqi.”,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),動(dòng)筆！中焦主運(yùn)(實(shí)指脾、胃的功能)，即腐熟水谷，運(yùn)化精微，以化氣血，故喻之為「中焦如漚」；Themiddlewarmerfunctionsintransportationandtransformation(referringtoinfact,thefunctionsofthespleenandstomach),i.e.itfermentswaterandfoodandtransportsandtransformsfoodessenceinordertoproducevitalenergyandblood.Therefore,itislikenedtoafermentationtun,wherefoodisdigested.,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),動(dòng)筆！下焦主分別清濁、排泄尿液與大便(實(shí)指腎、小腸、大腸、膀胱的功能)，以上生理功能均具有向下、向外排泄的特點(diǎn)故稱「下焦如瀆」。Thelowerwarmerseparatesclearfluidfromturbidfluidanddischargesurineandstool,(referringto,infact,thefunctionsofthekidney,thesmallintestine,thelargeintestineandtheurinarybladder).Thesetwophysiologicalfunctionsmentionedabovearecharacterizedbyexcretingwastesdownwardsandoutwards.Itissaidthatthelowerwarmerworkslikegutters,tofilteranddrainoffwasteandsuperfluouswater.,三焦theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao),三焦的這些生理功能，實(shí)際上是體內(nèi)各臟腑功能的總合。Infact,allthesephysiologicalfunctionsofthetriplewarmerarethesumtotaloftheactivitiesofallthevisceraandbowelsinthebody.在病理上，上、中、下三焦異常所出現(xiàn)的病證，實(shí)際上也是各部位臟腑功能的異常表現(xiàn)。Pathologically,diseases(diseasepatterns)duetoanabnormalityofupper,ormiddle,orlowerwarmeraremanifestationsofdysfunctionsofthevisceraorbowelswithinit.,肺與脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen,Physiologically,twoaspectsareinvolvedintherelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen.Thelungandthespleenarephysiologicallyrelatedintwoways.Oneistheproductionofthepectoralqi.Thelungisresponsibleforinhalingfreshairandthespleenforabsorbingfoodnutrientsthroughtransportationandtransformation.Theaccumulationofthefreshairandfoodnutrientsinthechesteventuallytransformsintothepectoralqi.,肺與脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen,Thusthenormalfunctionofthelungandthespleenareprerequisitetosufficientproductionofthepectoralqi.Normalfunctioningofthelungandthespleenarethusessentialforsufficientproductionof(the)pectoralqi.Sufficientproductionof(the)pectoralqidependsonthenormalfunctioningofthelungandthespleen.Theotheristhemetabolismoffluid.Theotherinvolvesthemetabolismoffluid.,肺與脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen,Thespleenabsorbsandtransportswaterandthelungdistributeswatertoallpartsofthebody,bothofwhichareimportanttothemetabolismofwater.Thespleenandthelungareofvitalimportanceinfluidmetabolismsincewaterisabsorbedandtransportedbythespleenanddistributedtoallpartsofthebodybythelung.,肺與脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen,Ifdeficiencyofspleen-qiorinsufficiencyoflung-qiaffectstheproductionofthepectoralqi,itwillleadtoshortnessofbreath,nodesiretospeak,chestoppression,poorappetiteandloosestool.Ifdeficiencyofspleen-qiorlung-qiaffectstheproductionof(the)pectoralqi,itwillleadtoshortnessofbreath,reluctancetospeak,chestdistrest,poorappetiteandloosestool.Ifitaffectsthemetabolismoffluid,itwillbringoncough,asthma*,profusephlegm,edemaandoliguria.Iffluidmetabolismisaffected,coughandpanting,excessivephlegm,edemaandoliguriawouldberesulted.,THANKYOU,,