The design of material pickup device based on PLCLiu xin Ya introduced a concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, and other advanced manufacturing technology and the characteristics of the development of machine tools in the portfolio of applications, how to deepen and extend the application of specific measures.In the machine tool industry, with the social demands of the continuous improvement of products, along with the growing competition in the market to meet user requirements, including the improvement of product quality, shorten production cycles, reduce costs, improve service and win market has become a breakthrough. In order to achieve this goal and win market, it should be the introduction of modern and advanced manufacturing technology: concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, in order to promote the development of combination machine.Concurrent Engineering is also known as concurrent engineering, integrated, parallel to optimize product design and its related processes (including manufacturing and support) system approach, which guide the product 1development staff began to consider a product from concept to design to the demise of throughout the life cycle of all the factors, including quality, cost, programming and user needs.Concurrent Engineering is the first to shorten product development cycles as a means to develop. Products will be characterized by the development, production engineering involved in the acts broken down into a series of tasks, such as market analysis, design, process design, production plans and equipment purchases, processing, quality assurance, testing and after sales service. These sub-tasks as far as possible and consider synchronous parallel to achieve improved design to shorten the cycle and improve quality, reduce costs, optimize the design purpose. It stressed that integrated, coordinated and parallel, namely: (1) management, design, production, and service of all project-related personnel and product information integration as a whole, and stressed that all relevant departments and the interests of the overall goal line (2) to the establishment of a competent and reasonable charge of the project personnel structure of the working group coordinated management model, by the Working Group in the 2ministries responsible for project elements, and the promotion of the coordination of tasks, (3) parallel processing stages of the work. According to the project in the different tasks of the linkages between the different ministries mandate of the elements of the work process can be completely overlap or duplication. In accordance with these principles, formulate a reasonable, and optimize the work plan, and the location in which the necessary settings assessment, the Working Group by the project implementation so that all sub-tasks in parallel, to move forward in an orderly manner, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole project .According to the traditional methods of work, the work of the various stages in a row serial. In such a product development approach, divorced from each other at various stages, are not related, resulting in increased design error, and difficult to discover such a design rework, to lengthen the development cycle, adding to the costs.Parallel working methods used, the process will be integrated with parallel consideration, the work can be carried out duplication. Problems can be promptly coordinate the changes so that the follow-up stage left to 3increase the difficultyocorrection And costs. Thus, the application of concurrent engineering can significantly shorten the product development cycle, reduce costs, it is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine.Concurrent engineering methods will be applied to product development, the effect was very significant. March 1997, Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology with a motorcycle design and manufacturing plants to sign the 6-crank machine project contract for delivery end of the year, and the requirements of machine tools in the past quite different. In the project using a concurrent engineering approach, in parallel, cross-operation , greatly reducing the design, manufacture period, the successful completion of the tasks.Parallel development of the combination of machine specific methods are:(1) the establishment of a multi-composed of professionals to develop working groups. By the Working Group of the specific part of the implementation of the project, members of the Working Group in collaboration division of duties, timely and coordinated in order to 4achieve optimization of the design. Such as a machine tool demand in the clamping fixture parts to the process of floating, if separate consideration from the mechanical structure to meet this requirement more difficult, complex structure of the fixture. Later, with the hydraulic design of electrical control and coordinate, control procedures proposed amendments to change the order clamping action, adjusting the hydraulic pressure of solutions to meet the requirements of the clamping.(2) in the formulation of programmes, the signing of the contract stage, on the preliminary identified a number of standard components.(3) Multiple Multi-accreditation programme. Machine Tool Technology in determining the overall programme, key components in the overall design process, many times by the Solidworks committee to review the design plan, and put into production before the user in the design plan joint trials. Thus, from the design to take into account the beginning of a process design, tooling design, manufacturing, assembly and other downstream various stages of debugging problems that may arise, thus greatly reducing the number of design changes Rated meet user requirements, 5to achieve design best.(4) a design pre-release method. Machine overall plans in a formal drawing ago, has been released in stages set by the main structure and the major components of data, process design, tooling design can be carried out ahead of schedule. In the design of the machine tool to determine some components such as fixtures, tools such as the coordination of size, and at the same time began to design and tool fixture, and, also identified slider, mobile workstations and other components, these components have the choice as far as possible Standard components, in the design of its operation will be completed. And the overall design of the various components such as fixtures, and timely coordination between the tool, linked to changes in the size of each other timely coordination so that the size of other relevant drawings are promptly corrected.(5) components in the design of the processing cycle can be long specific parts such as folders, such as casting stereotypes as soon as possible to advancing the process design, production.(6) completion of the various components of a design, process design and ready to enter the production stage. 6Therefore, the various components of the parts is in the workshop, parallel processing.Adopt this approach, the Working Group 4 were used only four weeks time on the part of generic components such as the slider, mobile platforms and power first went into operation at the same time, the completion of the mechanical design of the machine and outsourcing of orders. Machine tool production process, the various components in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Association, and several manufacturers at the same time. In the machine, installation and debugging, but also several machine at the same time, through these work, and machine tools for the timely delivery of valuable time.Agile manufacturing in the United States of the Caspian Sea, “the 21st century manufacturing strategy“ in the report of a new manufacturing paradigm. After development, the United States lacocca Institute will be defined as: “a company that is agile in the market for the unpredictable changes in the competitive environment in the development and prosperity of a capability, that is rapidly changing global market a rapid response capability, with the company computer network and the global production system, the 7market, competitors to link up in the high-quality, high-performance, low-cost, customer product configuration settings, such as user demand-driven market situation demonstrated a capability. “ Characterized by the flexible production technology, flexible organization management and professional skills of the staff have integrated into a coordinated, interconnected systems, in order to achieve the strategic goal of reunification, the same industry in different enterprises through joint infrastructure links, past life-and-death competition will become friendly and cooperative competition, thereby changing market faster response. Therefore, this technology is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine.(1) promote the Agile first modular products, reflected in the composition of the machine is in the machine tool components and the standardization of serialization. Crankshaft Machine Tool in the development and design, can greatly shorten the design cycle, the application of concurrent engineering is a factor, large number of standard components, the application of common components is a key element.(2) In the Agile Manufacturing, must reflect the people 8and organizations is the most valuable asset. In the production of large quantities, people are always Solidworks solution as manufacture and sale of the crux of the problem, and in Agile Manufacturing, the best use of people is the key to solve the problem, technology is only a method or means. Therefore, the need for the Project Working Group organizational model advocated hard working, give full play to their initiative.Sophisticated production is the United States in the 1990s, Japan's Toyota Motor Corporation summed up production management methods on the basis of summing up by the production. It stressed that by improving the production of enterprises in the management of the activities, including the efficiency of various activities and cost accounting, to achieve the fastest speed of response to the market, the lowest cost of production, the optimal product design to design and Manufacturing of products needed by the market. Its features are user-God, a people-centred, as a means to streamline, to zero defect goal.This paper is based on the machinery design and machinery principle and the 3d drawing software and related 9knowledge and theory, by collecting relevant data of sewing machine and reading the related literature books and referring to the sewing machine in the tailor shop, first of all, design the main parts institutional model of the sewing machine, secondly use the Solidworks 3D drawing software to conduct the part modeling which was designed well, and then conduct assembly design which the parts was built, get the corresponding assembly model, finally conduct movement simulation to the corresponding assembly model. Can be seen from the above analysis, and advanced manufacturing technology in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Portfolio machine has been developed in a number of applications, but still need to further deepen and extend the application. In later work, Should pay attention to the following aspects:(1) Working Group on the further implementation of the project model, a responsibility to the people, by the use of concurrent engineering group responsible for the completion of the way from the machine tool technology programme to design, manufacture, testing and delivery of the work of the staff at the same time strengthen the 10knowledge and skills training, keep track machine tool industry at home and abroad combination of the latest developments.(2) market changes and the development of pre-study plan at the same time maintain close ties with users, users who regularly visit provides its users with quality after-sales service, and equipment operation and understanding of user needs, in order to improve the design.(3) high-quality products to win customers. Machine Tool in the development portfolio, in addition to enhancing the sense of quality, the new technology, the application of new technology in the market is also an important means. Now users generally require machine efficiency, flexibility, and adapt to small quantities and variety of processing. Portfolio Tool to enhance the efficiency of production and increase in the design should be cutting speed, the use of advanced tools, centralized processing consider three aspects.(4) attention to the development of products can be reconstructed so as to achieve the structure of modular machine. In the design, the use of group technology, and promote common machine combination of the development and 11application of functional modules, can be flexible coordinates NC unit model.(5) the application of agile manufacturing technology, the establishment of an effective Union dynamic virtual forms of cooperation. Further strengthen and outsourcing of production plants and factories, HS cooperation. Make full use of existing community technology, information equipment and personnel resources, strong - strong alliance, complementary advantages, the use of the virtual company model to expand our production capacity.(6) In combination with the design of machine tools to further promote the production of computer and information network technology applications. Promote the application of CAD technology, the realization of a map designed to establish CAD / CAM / CAPP works Design environment.(7) to further strengthen Solidworks cooperation and exchanges and enhance my portfolio in the machine tool industry and the status of visibility, at the same time actively explore new markets and customers. Efforts should be made to explore the international market, such as the Toyota Motor Co., Japan's exports to the body of the car's engine of vertical CNC machining deep hole biaxial deep 12hole drilling machine, I have a combination of machine to enter the international market and made a good start.基于 PLC 的物料拾取裝置的設(shè)計(jì)基于 PLC的物料拾取裝置是綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、控制論、機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)、信息和傳感技術(shù)、人工智能、仿生學(xué)等多學(xué)科而形成的高新技術(shù)，是當(dāng)代研究十分活躍，應(yīng)用日益廣泛的領(lǐng)域。工業(yè)機(jī)器人由操作機(jī)(機(jī)械本體)、控制器、伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和檢測傳感裝置構(gòu)成，是一種仿人操作，自動控制、可重復(fù)編程、能在三維空間完成各種作業(yè)的機(jī)電一體化自動化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。特別適合于多品種、變批量的柔性生產(chǎn)。它對穩(wěn)定、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，提高生產(chǎn)效率，改善勞動條件和產(chǎn)品的快速更新?lián)Q代起著十分重要的作用。機(jī)械手是模仿著人手的部分動作，按給定程序、軌跡和要求實(shí)現(xiàn)自動抓取、搬運(yùn)或操作的自動機(jī)械裝置。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用的機(jī)械手被稱為工業(yè)機(jī)械手”。生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動化水平和勞動生產(chǎn)率:可以減輕勞動強(qiáng)度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)；尤其在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中，它代替人進(jìn)行正常的工作，意義更為重大。因此，在機(jī)械加工、沖壓、鑄、鍛、焊接、熱處理、電鍍、噴漆、裝配以及輕工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)等方面得到越來越廣泛的引用。機(jī)械手的結(jié)構(gòu)形式開始比較簡單，專用性較強(qiáng)，例如某臺機(jī)床的上下料裝置，是附屬于該機(jī)床的專用機(jī)械手。隨著工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)13展，制成了能夠獨(dú)立的按程序控制實(shí)現(xiàn)重復(fù)操作，適用范圍比較廣的“程序控制通用機(jī)械手”，簡稱通用機(jī)械手。由于通用機(jī)械手能很快的改變工作程序，適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，所以它在不斷變換生產(chǎn)品種的中小批量生產(chǎn)中獲得廣泛的引用，隨著工業(yè)自動化程度的提高，工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的很多易燃、易爆等高危及重體力勞動場合必將由機(jī)器人所代替。這一方面可以減輕工人的勞動強(qiáng)度，另一方面可以大大提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。例如，目前在我國的許多中小型汽車生產(chǎn)以及輕工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，往往沖壓成型這一工序還需要人工上下料，既費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，又影響效率。機(jī)器人應(yīng)用情況，是一個國家工業(yè)自動化水平的重要標(biāo)志。為此，我們把基于 PLC物料拾取(裝置）機(jī)械手作為我們研究的課題。物料拾取裝置的迅速發(fā)展是由于它的積極作用正日益為人們所認(rèn)識：其一它分地代替人工操作；其二、它能按照生產(chǎn)工藝的要求，遵循的程序、時間和位置來完成工件的傳送和裝卸；其三、它能操作必要的機(jī)具進(jìn)行焊接和裝配。從而大大地改善工人的勞動條件，顯著地提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化和自動化的步伐。因而，受到各先進(jìn)工業(yè)國家的重視，投入大量的人力物力加以研究和應(yīng)用。近年來隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展物料拾取裝置逐漸成為一門新興的學(xué)科，并得到了較快的發(fā)展。物料拾取裝置廣泛地應(yīng)用于鍛壓、沖壓、鍛造、焊接、裝配、機(jī)加、噴漆、熱處理等各個行業(yè)。特別是在笨重、高溫、有毒、危險(xiǎn)、放射性、多粉塵等惡劣的勞動環(huán)境中，物料拾取裝置由于其顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到特別重視。機(jī)床上14料物料拾取裝置是典型的機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備，它可自動地為機(jī)床抓取工件，取代操作人員頻繁取料，降低勞動強(qiáng)度，提高工作效率。總之，物料拾取裝置是提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，改善勞動條件，減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度和實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)自動化的一個重要手段，國內(nèi)外都很重視它的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。國內(nèi)在金屬切削加工中，用物料拾取裝置來完成刀具的自動更換。如北京第二機(jī)床廠，北京揚(yáng)州市職業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院第八機(jī)床廠，上海第二機(jī)床廠，上海第八機(jī)床廠，寧夏大河機(jī)床廠等單位研制的自動換機(jī)床，均用物料拾取裝置自動更換刀具。在生產(chǎn)自動線上，用物料拾取裝置完成的傳遞和上下料，如：沈陽水泵廠深井泵體加工自動線，無錫柴油機(jī)廠和甘肅汽車齒輪廠的齒胚的加工自動線都采用了物料拾取裝置。大連工礦車輛廠的 800Kg側(cè)架的加工，采用物料拾取裝置抓取、傳遞和安放并與一些機(jī)床組合成側(cè)架切削加工自動線，提高效率 10倍。美國制造 155毫米的鋼彈體洛克福特軍械廠，從胚料加工開始到加工畢直包裝都自動進(jìn)行，不用人手去接觸，達(dá)到全自動生產(chǎn)。工業(yè)物料拾取裝置還能用來代替人工進(jìn)行打磨、拋光、去毛刺和清理切屑等工作。例如，瑞典一家工廠打磨和 拋光銹鋼子彎頭時，如：瑞 典 沃 爾 沃 公司在物料拾取裝置上裝了三個環(huán)形磨輪裝置，用來對傳動箱外表面去毛刺，比手工方法節(jié)省工時 50%。國內(nèi)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)物料拾取裝置基礎(chǔ)性能的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及基礎(chǔ)理論研究，克服和解決制造技術(shù)及其它存在的問題。提高物料拾取裝置運(yùn)動速15度。尤其是應(yīng)用于沖壓行業(yè)中的物料拾取裝置，以適應(yīng)提高生產(chǎn)率和符合生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍的需要。要研究解決物料拾取裝置的運(yùn)動速度和緩沖、定位技術(shù)。引進(jìn)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)，培訓(xùn)專門技術(shù)人才，普及物料拾取裝置有關(guān)知識。盡快解決物料拾取裝置的定型設(shè)計(jì)、定點(diǎn)、定量生產(chǎn)以及配套件的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)問題，推進(jìn)物料拾取裝置設(shè)計(jì)制造中的現(xiàn)代化（CAD/CAM）準(zhǔn)化、系列化工作，以滿足國內(nèi)外市場的需求。目前工業(yè)物料拾取裝置的應(yīng)用逐步擴(kuò)大，技術(shù)性能不斷提高，其發(fā)展趨勢是：擴(kuò)大物料拾取裝置在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用、提高工業(yè)物料拾取裝置的工作性能、發(fā)展組合式物料拾取裝置、研制具有“視覺”和“觸覺”的“智能機(jī)器人”。機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，包括：生產(chǎn)設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和實(shí)現(xiàn)；生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃的制訂和生產(chǎn)調(diào)度；編制和貫徹制造工藝；設(shè)計(jì)和制造工具、模具；確定勞動定額和材料定額；組織加工、裝配、試車和包裝發(fā)運(yùn)；對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量進(jìn)行有效的控制。機(jī)械制造企業(yè)的經(jīng)營和管理。機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械部件一般是由許多各有獨(dú)特的成形、加工過程的精密零件組裝而成的復(fù)雜的制品。生產(chǎn)批量有單件和小批，也有中批、大批，直至大量生產(chǎn)。銷售對象遍及全部產(chǎn)業(yè)和個人、家庭。而且銷售量在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的影響下，可能出現(xiàn)很大的波動。因此，機(jī)械元件制造企業(yè)的管理和經(jīng)營特別復(fù)雜，企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)管理、規(guī)劃和經(jīng)營等的研究也多是肇始于機(jī)械工業(yè)。機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用。這方面包括選擇、訂購、驗(yàn)收、安裝、調(diào)整、操作、維護(hù)、修理和改造各產(chǎn)業(yè)所使用的機(jī)械和成套機(jī)械裝備，以16保證機(jī)械產(chǎn)品在長期使用中的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用。這方面包括選擇、訂購、驗(yàn)收、安裝、調(diào)整、操作、維護(hù)、修理和改造各產(chǎn)業(yè)所使用的機(jī)械和成套機(jī)械裝備，以保證機(jī)械產(chǎn)品在長期使用中的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。17