【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】制造工程學(xué)

【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】制造工程學(xué),機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯,機械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對照,對比,比照,文獻,翻譯,制造,工程學(xué) 附錄：外文資料與中文翻譯 February 2006 Vol. 136 No. 2 Multitasking Machining Done-in-one setup makes parts better Jim Lorincz, Senior Editor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hardened gear wheels (RC 62-65) are rough and finish-turned and finish-ground, drilled, threaded, and broached on an EMAG VSC 250 DS machine. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Multifunction machine tools have been around long enough in various configurations for manufacturers to appreciate their potential for cost-saving, quality production of parts from miniature connectors to transmission housings for off-highway equipment. Development of true multitasking machines, however, has removed them from the category of special machines. Manufacturers have made them one of the fastest growing categories of CNC machine tools because they improve competitiveness. They offer the flexibility to meet just-in-time delivery of a variety of parts in smaller lot sizes. They consolidate the processes of many machines, improve accuracy, and save time formerly required for multiple setups as work was moved from machine to machine and operation to operation. Finally, they employ resources of people and capital equipment more efficiently, a definite plus that the most astute accountants can appreciate. The most familiar multitasking machines are NC lathes with live tools in the turret, mill-turns, and Swiss turning centers. NC lathes with a Y axis that allows turrets to move from side to side have full milling or drilling capability. They can mill, drill, and machine off the spindle centerline. A B axis allows rotation around the Y axis for drilling at an angle or contour milling. sand dollars to over a million dollars. That hardly qualifies them as commodity machines; yet, increasingly, these multitasking machines form the backbone of advanced machining operations for everyone from contract manufacturers to OEMs. Trends in the design of multitasking machines include packing more punch into a limited and crowded work area with extra slides, more horsepower, even matching sub spindle horsepower to that of the main spindle, putting more driven tools in the cut at the same time, and developing sophisticated software and controls for collision-avoidance, scheduling, and production analysis. For machine tool manufacturers with extensive experience in building CNC lathes and turning centers, developing multitasking machines is a natural next step. Romi Machine Tools Ltd. (Erlanger, KY) developed its multitasking E series turning centers to perform turning, boring, milling, and tapping in one setup in a machine with a compact footprint. The E 320 turning center can be configured with one or two spindles, C axis, live tools, and Y axis for mid to high-volume production. The left spindle features a belt-driven cartridge-style gearless headstock with a high-torque 25 or 35-hp (18.6 or 26.1-kW) GE Fanuc AC spindle motor with a variable speed drive. The right spindle can match the left spindle with a similar 25-hp spindle motor. The slant-bed style E 320 series has a swing of 27.55" (700 mm), a maximum cutting length of 23.62" (600 mm), distance between spindle faces of 41.26" (1048 mm) and a cutting diam of 12.6" (320 mm). The E series includes an E 280 model, which features 15-hp (11.1-kW) spindles, as well as a double-turret, double-spindle E 220 model. pressure coolant, air blast, tool touch probe, and part sensor. The Hardinge-designed and built jaw chuck/collet-ready spindle design permits faster spindle speeds for faster cycle times and maximum part rigidity as parts are gripped close to the spindle bearings, resulting in increased concentricity. When equipped with Hardinge's patented HydroGlide hydrostatic linear guideway system, the Quest CNC lathes have the rigidity and precision required for hard turning, as well as the improved crash protection that hydrostatic design offers. The concept of "done in one" rules today, especially as complex parts can be machined from bar stock or from solid, often eliminating the leadtime and expense involved to design and produce castings and forgings. Manufacturers have been quick to recognize and study their potential for maintaining critical tolerances between features by eliminating multiple setups and the time and accuracy lost moving from operation to operation. At its Technical Center, Caterpillar Inc. (Peoria, IL) works in alliance with its machine tool suppliers to evaluate the potential of equipment and processes that can range from prototype work to production for next-generation Caterpillar equipment, according to Jim Reeb, director of manufacturing research and development. Caterpillar is currently working with Cincinnati Lamb's H5 Geminex series machine for machining and turning powertrain components. The H5 Geminex machine is a flexible solution for processing medium-sized and large parts requiring milling and turning in a single setup, combining four and five-axis machining and high-speed turning. "We're doing some horizontal types of machining and turning on ductile housings," says Reeb. "We'll develop the process at the Tech Center and once it's worked out, we'll release the machine to our Decatur, IL facility for installation and production." Early experience with the potential of multitasking machine cells led Sandvik Mining and Construction (Sandviken, Sweden) to move production of its DTH (down-the-hole) rock drilling bits from the low-cost manufacturing environment of Mexico to Sweden in 2001. The DTH rock drilling bits are made from alloy steel forging blanks in 200 different types, of which 15 types are most frequently produced in batches varying from eight to 48. Making the move possible was the performance of a multitasking cell featuring three Nakamura STS-40 super multitasking turning centers with robotic workpiece handling. The cell is able to perform all turning, milling, drilling, and button-hole drilling, including a hardening cycle, of the alloy steel DTH drill bits in five days with 12 operators. The previous conventional method required seven machines and 50 people. Standardizing on the Sandvik Coromant Capto interface and selecting twin-edge tooling with two inserts in each toolholder enable each machine to independently perform complete machining of drill bits. The need to be competitive in its manufacturing processes is no less important to a machine tool builder than it is to its customers. In mid-November 2005, at the unveiling of its latest investment in advanced technology at its headquarters and manufacturing facility in Florence, KY, Brian Papke, president, Mazak Corp. said: "It is name to be committed to manufacturing in the US without a plan to become cost and price competitive." To support production of its Nexus family of machines, many of which have multitasking capabilities, Mazak implemented lean manufacturing practices, including building to market demand rather than forecast and developing modularly assembled systems. A Palletech automation system for "done-in-one" manufacturing was installed. Production capacity for Nexus machines at its Florence facility has risen to 140 machines per month. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rotomill MPMC machines can turn, mill (both with B axis and U axis), as well as drill, tap, or hob complex workpieces. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing cells at Mazak's Florence facility feature Integrex multitasking machines produced by parent company, Yamazaki Mazak (Oguchi, Japan). Mazak has installed two Integrex-500HS multitasking machines teamed with robots for part loading and material handling within the flex cells. A large Integrex e-1060 V/8 multitasking center is being integrated with an existing HMC FMS to allow more flexibility in processing medium-sized machine components. In its product mix, Mazak numbers 11 different Integrex multitasking models and another 20 models with some degree of multitasking capability. In recognition of the unique challenges in programming and operation of multitasking machines, Mazak has established a Center for Multi-Tasking and Manufacturing Excellence for training customers in all aspects of multitasking machining at its National Technology Center, which was doubled in size. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Workpieces as large as these crankshafts, and larger, are completely machined on WFL's mill-turn centers. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Following introductions in Japan last summer and at EMO 2005, Mori Seiki U.S.A. Inc. (Irving, TX) introduced its new NT Series of integrated mill-turn centers to the North American market in November. The NT Series is said to be the product of a complete rethinking of the design and construction of the multitasking machine with the goal of integrating milling and turning functions completely to deliver the same performance levels achieved by each process on dedicated machines. The NT Series employs both DCG (Driven at the Center of Gravity) technology and the box-in-box construction of its NH Series horizontal machining centers, along with a turret with a built-in milling motor. The NT Series comprises nine models with spindle, lower turret, and no center support options bringing the total number of variations to 66. NT Series machines have a B axis motor, eliminating backlash and making high-speed rotation possible. Maximum spindle speed is 5000 rpm with a maximum tool spindle speed of 12,000 rpm. The turret with built-in milling motor first introduced with Mori Seiki's NL Series of CNC lathes reportedly minimizes heat generation and vibration while eliminating transmission losses. The NL CNC lathes are available in four classes and six specification variations. Some 70% of the NL lathes ordered have been equipped with the multitasking capability of the direct-drive milling motor turret. Mori Seiki's MAPPS III control system for fast processing and collision prevention. completely checks for interference in 3-D in real time for spindles, workpieces, soft jaws, tools, holders, and turrets. Component collisions are prevented at all stages from setup to program operation since interference is detected in all automatic and manual modes. General engineering and aerospace contract manufacturers working in difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium, Inconel, and hardened steels are regarded as prime candidates for the M35 and M35-G multitasking models introduced by WFL Millturn Technologies Inc. (Novi, MI) at EMO 2005. The M35 series is the newest and smallest of WFL's product lineup of mill turn centers. The M35 series features a maximum turning diam of 420 mm, workpiece lengths up to 2090 mm, and a total of 92 tools, including the lower turret. WFL's largest mill turns can process workpieces to 6.5-m long, providing multifunctional turning-boring-milling units for complete machining of complex chuck and bar workpieces in one setup. The M35-G delivers high torque and feed forces to get the full potential of tools weighing up to 15 kg and measuring 450-mm long. The 20-kW milling spindle has a maximum torque of 165 N?m above 1100 rpm. Tool change takes place in a fixed and clearly defined position above the left-hand main spindle. The changing device ensures swift replacement and transfer of tools no longer required to the magazine. Tool systems can be HSK-A63, Capto C6, or KM63. To avoid collisions in automatic and manual operation, WFL offers a patented software option called CrashGuard, a real-time software extension of the CNC. Based on an internal 3-D model of the machine, CrashGuard provides realistic modeling of all special functions of the control, such as five-axis interpolation, rotation of coordinates, spline interpolation, and synchronizations, as well as correct and automatic representation of all machine cycles and macros, whether created by the machine manufacturer or the end user. Weing tner Maschinenbau GmbH (Kirchham, Austria) has expanded its Rotomill pick-up whirling/milling machines with the introduction of the Rotomill MPMC (multiproduct machining center). The Rotomill MPMC is equipped with a pick-up, high-power machining head and a five-axis interpolating controller for production of balanced/unbalanced chucking parts and heavy shafts, as well as for box-shaped housing-like components with dimensions up to 1.5-m diam workpiece envelope to 11-m long. Processes such as turning, milling, boring, deep hole drilling, and tapping can be performed on the Rotomill MPMC in a single setup. Virtually any mechanical cutting method can be realized, including turning, milling (both with B and also U axis), as well as drilling, tapping, or hobbing. Applications include production in one setup of extrusion cylinder and feed extruder screws, precision and special tubes for the oilfield industry, large crankshafts, cam shafts, motor housings, aircraft landing gears, and heavy drive shafts for the energy, ship building, and defense industries. Other industries that use the systems include the paper industry, mining, electrical (including turbines), electrical shafts, compressor, and plastics industries. With quality requirements in the mechanical engineering industry and especially the automotive sector becoming increasingly stringent, EMAG LLC (Farmington Hills, MI) has combined hard turning and finish grinding for fast removal of metal and finish machining of parts. The demand for tighter tolerances and expanded machining capabilities requires the complete machining of components in a single setup. EMAG, which offers workpiece-specific solutions for batch production in the automotive, hydraulics, and pneumatics industries, points to the need for multifunctional machines and dry machining, particularly of hardened workpieces. Reasons include ecology, environmental compatibility, and the rapid rise in waste-disposal costs for cutting oils. EMAG, EMAG's VSC DS turning and grinding centers are being used to machine workpieces, such as transmission parts, gearwheels, sliding sleeves, link pins, components for CVT gearboxes, roller races, rocker arms, bearings, and bearing rings. The combination of grinding and hard turning generates the smallest possible amount of heat on the workpiece surface. Rough hard turning is immediately followed by finish grinding without changing setups. The pick-up concept allows the EMAG VSC DS turning and grinding center to load itself just like all the other VSC machines. The machine benefits from thermal stability, as work spindle, grinding spindles, turret, and machine base are all fluid-cooled. To order a hardcopy reproduction of this article, click here. To purchase digital reprints or reproduction licenses, please contact the resource center at service@sme.org or call (800) 733-4763. 制造工程學(xué) 2006年2月 2卷. 136號 多功能加工中心 一次裝夾使加工零件性能更好。 Jim Lorincz, Senior 編輯 在EMAG VSC 250銑機床上完成硬齒輪(RC62-65) 粗銑、精銑、表面精加工、鉆孔、和鉸孔的加工。 為了在微型接頭傳動軸承高速設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)成本節(jié)約，零件的質(zhì)量中挖掘出他們的潛力，制造商早就在多功能機床上進行了足夠的多種配置。盡管如此，隨著的真正的多任務(wù)處理機器的發(fā)展，這些機床已經(jīng)從特殊機床種類中移除了。 為了提高他們的競爭力，制造商使他們成為在CNC機床種類中發(fā)展最迅猛的產(chǎn)品之一。他們具有的可變性可滿足在各種各樣的小型多尺寸零件中的即時傳遞。他們強化了許多機械過程，提高了精度，并節(jié)省了像以前需要設(shè)置多重工作換動機器和運行操作的時間。最終，他們更高效的使用了人類資源和資金設(shè)備，讓最精明的會計師也倍感欣賞。 最類式多任務(wù)處理機床是具有活動轉(zhuǎn)塔式的數(shù)控車床，這種數(shù)控車床有一個Y軸控制轉(zhuǎn)塔往返移動，因而有全功能的鉆和磨的能力。它們可以磨，鉆，偏移機器主軸中心軸線。在一個角度鉆孔和磨輪廓時，A、B軸可以饒Y軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。 本文所述的機床的價格范圍從10萬美元到100多萬美元不等。這樣價格限定該機床不是屬于日常用的普通機器。隨著發(fā)展，那些多功能機床成為先進機器的代表產(chǎn)品。制造廠商有越來越多的生產(chǎn)多動能機床的業(yè)務(wù)。 要獲得更大的發(fā)展前景，多任務(wù)機床的設(shè)計趨勢包括生產(chǎn)更多的機床向特殊工作領(lǐng)域，還要有更大的馬力，并且在從動軸上也裝置動力機構(gòu)從而讓力傳到主動軸上，配置更多驅(qū)動裝置能在同一時間工作，還要發(fā)展軟件和控制結(jié)構(gòu)進行行程和加工分析，避免加工中的撞刀現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。 .機器制造廠商有豐富的經(jīng)驗在制造數(shù)控車床和旋轉(zhuǎn)中心方面，因而改進多任務(wù)機床是下一步自然趨勢。 飛躍機床有限公司開發(fā)了自己的多任務(wù)E系列加工中心可以進行鉆、鏜、磨，并且在機床的一個裝置中進行排屑，而且有緊密的軌跡。E320系列的加工中心配置了一個或兩個軸，C軸，刀具庫，在加工大體積零件時Y軸對刀。左主軸是采用套筒式帶傳動，主軸箱內(nèi)齒輪受的扭矩高達25或35-hp（18.6或26.1-kW）。主軸的電機是通用電器公司生產(chǎn)的無極變速主軸電機 精準(zhǔn)的主軸讓左主軸配置有將近25-hp的主軸電機。斜床式E320系列有27.55" (700毫米)的擺動，最大切削長度是23.62" (600毫米)，主軸表面的距離是41.26" (1048毫米)，切削直徑是12.6" (320毫米).。E系列包括280型號，配有15-hp (11.1-kW)的主軸，也有雙轉(zhuǎn)塔的、雙軸的E200型號。 多功能數(shù)控車床從哈丁股份有限公司(艾爾邁拉,ny)提供了廣泛的選擇,包括除了在y軸,現(xiàn)場工裝,多邊形車削,高速主軸。 三從動軸, 高壓制冷劑,送風(fēng)工具,觸摸探頭,部分傳感器。 哈挺的設(shè)計和爪卡盤/科萊準(zhǔn)備主軸設(shè)計允許更快的主軸速度、更快的循環(huán)時間和最大部分剛性， 由于零件緊靠近主軸軸承,因而增加了同軸度。當(dāng)配備哈丁的專利滑動直線導(dǎo)軌系統(tǒng) 尋求數(shù)控車床有剛性和精度要求進行冷車削, 以及改進防撞裝置。 圍繞"只做最好"規(guī)則的今天 ，特別是復(fù)雜的部件,可從加工坯料或從固體設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)鑄鍛件 .。廠商已很快地認(rèn)識和研究他們的潛能,保持臨界公差之間的特點,消除多元格局大量的時間和準(zhǔn)確性,節(jié)約了從操作到操作的時間.。 在其技術(shù)開發(fā)中心,是卡特彼勒(皮奧里亞, il)工程聯(lián)盟與機床供應(yīng)商評估潛在的設(shè)備和工藝,可廣泛從樣機的工作,生產(chǎn)的新一代履帶式裝備,據(jù)吉姆雷波主任制造研究和開發(fā). 毛毛蟲正與辛辛那提蘭姆h5格明系列機加工及轉(zhuǎn)向總成零件.。 格明機是一種靈活的辦法,用于加工大中型零件,需要銑和車削在一起,讓四個五軸加工和高速車削。 "我們做了一些類式臥式加工來車削球軸承"雷波. "我們將開發(fā)過程中的技術(shù)中心,一旦它的制定, 我們將會抓住機遇安裝伊爾設(shè)備安裝來生產(chǎn)。 " 早期的多功能機電池為首的山特維克礦山工程機械(桑德維肯, 瑞典)提出生產(chǎn)的潛(潛孔)巖石鉆頭在低成本的制造環(huán)境中,墨西哥瑞典 2001. 送石鉆頭是由合金鋼鍛造毛坯有200個不同類型。 其中有15種是最經(jīng)常使用。 制作此舉可能是表現(xiàn)了多元展出三個中心的STS-40超級多任務(wù)車削中心。 機器人工件裝卸.。系統(tǒng)是能夠完成其所有車削,銑,鉆,擴孔,包括硬化周期 該合金鋼錘鉆頭5天12營. 以前的常規(guī)方法需要7臺機器和50名工人.。規(guī)范對山特維克可樂capto接口和選拔雙邊模具兩刀片每一刀柄,使每個機器 獨立地履行完成加工。. 要具有競爭力,在它的制造過程的機床獎金比是同等重要。 2005年11月中, 在其在佛羅倫總部制造最新的先進技術(shù)設(shè)施的投資揭幕式中, 布賴恩帕普克會長馬扎克公司說: "這是na飗e將致力于制造業(yè)在美國提高成本和價格競爭力." 支持小批量生產(chǎn)的核心機器,其中許多多功能能力, 馬扎克推行精益生產(chǎn)的做法,包括建筑市場的需求,而不是預(yù)測和發(fā)展模塊化組裝系統(tǒng)。 一調(diào)色板自動化系統(tǒng)"做位一體"的制造安裝.。生產(chǎn)能力聯(lián)系機器在其佛羅倫薩的設(shè)施,現(xiàn)在已上升到140機器每月. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 旋轉(zhuǎn)機器可以把5.3726(均帶有B軸和U軸),以及鉆塔, 滾刀或復(fù)雜的工作 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 佛羅倫薩的馬扎克的制造集成多功能單元設(shè)備特征機器制的母公司,山崎拓馬扎克(照片,日本). 馬扎克已經(jīng)安裝了兩個i集成-500hs多功能獨自機器與機械零件裝物料搬運在屈伸單元. 大集成電子1060v/8多功能中心正結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的FMShmc有更多的靈活性，加工大中型機械零部件。 業(yè)英才培訓(xùn)客戶在各方面多為機械加工全國企業(yè)技術(shù)中心,這是一倍。 在其產(chǎn)品組合, 馬扎克號碼11個不同集成多功能模范和另外20個型號也有某種程度復(fù)合加工能力。展現(xiàn)了獨特的挑戰(zhàn),在程序和運作多功能機，馬扎克已成立一個中心,多重任務(wù)和制造 繼2005年夏天引進于日本的emo,森精美洛雷薩納inc. (歐文, tx)推出新的NT系列綜合-銑中心在北美市場的。NT系列可說是經(jīng)過徹底重新設(shè)計和制造的 。多功能機的目的是結(jié)合銑和車削功能，每一過程中完全達到同樣性能水平達到的專用儀器.。 新臺幣系列雇用sbothdcg(驅(qū)動為重心)技術(shù)和箱--箱建筑它nh 系列臥式加工中心,連同轉(zhuǎn)塔內(nèi)置銑削電動機. 在NT系列共有九個型號主軸,較低的磚塔, 和無中心支持選項使總數(shù)的變動66. NT系列機有二軸(? 120? 采用直接驅(qū)動(DD)的馬達, 消除反彈,使高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的可能實現(xiàn)。 最高轉(zhuǎn)速是5000r/min的最高刀具主軸速度 12,000r/min。 轉(zhuǎn)頭內(nèi)置式銑汽車首次采用森精機的nl系列數(shù)控車床報最小尺寸熱發(fā)電和震動,同時消除傳輸損耗. nl的數(shù)控車床可在四類和六個規(guī)范的差異.。約70%的nl車床均配備了多功能能力的直接驅(qū)動馬達銑轉(zhuǎn)塔。 森精的圖紙III控制系統(tǒng)的快速處理和防碰撞。 徹底檢查干涉三維實時為主軸,工件,軟頜骨,工具的持有人,并轉(zhuǎn)塔。 組件碰撞阻止各個階段,從體制到程序運作的干擾,因為調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有自動及手工方式。 一般工程和航天工作的難加工材料,如鈦鎳, 高炭鋼。被視為總理候選人的m35和m35-g多功能模式引入wfl鉆頭技術(shù) 股份有限公司(novi宓)emo2005. 該m35系列的最新且最小的wfl的產(chǎn)品陣容磨轉(zhuǎn)中心。該m35系列產(chǎn)品最大車削直徑420毫米,工件長度為2090毫米, 總共有92個刀具,其中包括降低轉(zhuǎn)塔。 wfl最大的轉(zhuǎn)廠加工工件為6.5米, 提供多功能回轉(zhuǎn)鏜銑單位全面加工復(fù)盤及桿件在其中設(shè)置。 該m35-gdelivers高扭矩和飼料的力量得到充分發(fā)揮潛力的工具,重達15公斤 測450毫米長. 20千瓦銑主軸的最大扭矩165N/米以上1100r/m。 換刀發(fā)生在一個固定和明確的定位以上的左手主軸. 該變速裝置,確保迅速替換和轉(zhuǎn)移工具不再需要的雜志. 工具系統(tǒng)可以hsk-a63,captoc6或63km。 M35-G 提供強扭矩和飼料力量得到工具潛能稱15 公斤和測量450 毫米長。20 千瓦碾碎的紡錘有最大扭矩165 N/m 在1100 轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘之上。工具變動發(fā)生在一個固定和清楚地被定義的位置在左手主要紡錘之上。改變的設(shè)備保證工具快速替換和調(diào)動不再必需到雜志。工具系統(tǒng)可能是HSK-A63 、Capto C6, 或KM63 。 為了避免自動和人工操作的沖突，wfl提供了專利軟件, 叫 Crash Guard。是數(shù)控機床實時軟件的后續(xù)產(chǎn)品。 基于國機器的3-D模式, Crash Guard提供了實體建模所有特殊功能的控制,如五軸插補,轉(zhuǎn)動坐標(biāo) 樣條插補,同步,以及糾正和自動代表所有的機器周期和宏，不論是機器制造商或最終使用者。 Weing鋜tner 機械制造股份有限公司(kirchham, 奧地利)已擴大其自動鉆削/銑床的開發(fā)。由于采用了rotomillmpmc(復(fù)合零件加工中心)。 該自動鉆床配備了回升, 大功率切削頭部及五軸插補控制器生產(chǎn)平衡/不平衡夾具零部件和重型豎井。 以及箱型房式元件，尺寸可達1.5米纖細(xì)軸類工件工件長度達11米.。 在Rotomill MPMC上一次裝夾后完成的工序有鏜孔、磨、擴孔、深孔鉆和拉削。 幾乎任何機械切削的方法可以實現(xiàn),其中包括車削,銑削(均與B,同時U軸) 以及鉆孔,攻絲,或滾.。 應(yīng)用軟件使用包括產(chǎn)品在一次裝夾中的定位和切削量的的調(diào)節(jié),。油田工業(yè)的精密件及特殊管道,大型機軸,屈軸,汽車軸承,飛機的起落架, 重型傳動軸，為能源,造船,以及國防工業(yè)。 使用該系統(tǒng)的其他行業(yè)包括造紙工業(yè),采礦業(yè),電氣(包括發(fā)電機),電機軸,壓縮機和塑料工業(yè)。 同質(zhì)量要求的工程機械行業(yè),尤其是汽車制造業(yè)越來越嚴(yán)厲, EMAG LLC (farmington山 MI)的結(jié)合硬車削和精磨快速清除金屬和精加工的零件.。在要求的公差范圍內(nèi)擴大加工能力，要求完成加工在一次裝夾下。 EMAG,它提供汽車工件批量生產(chǎn)的具體方案,