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本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）
中英文對照翻譯
院（系部）機械與動力工程學院
專業(yè)名稱 機械設計制造及其自動化
年級班級 2004-02
學生姓名 李洋
指導老師 劉傳邵 張昌娟
二00八年四月
英文翻譯（原文）
The Discuss on Multi-functional Products Design
—— The Telephone Design for the Elder is Taken for Example
1.product features
The product is a product function in terms of the specific uses, can also Function as role, effectiveness, efficiency, that is a product of stem What is the use of the. For example, the cup is the function of water, is the function of clocks and watches , The speaker of the function is sound, and so on.
Product value is realized through the function, the function is to yield For the basic attributes. Product features include functional, aesthetic Features two aspects.
The main product is as functional as people reach a certain head .The manner of tools, such as motor vehicles are the means of transport tools, Production equipment is manufactured articles tools, monitors the human-computer exchange of workers With, the rest of the seats, and other tools. Generally speaking, all the industrialized approved Production of the products have a certain degree of practical function, which is producing For a basic attribute.
The aesthetic product features mainly refers to products through modeling, color, Materials, as embodied in the fabric of the United States and bring feelings of pleasure and emotional Meet. Aesthetic features clearly subject to different social factors, different Cultures, beliefs and different walks of life, occupation, there will be people of different ages Different aesthetic taste, aesthetic function over time a change Of.
2. product-analysis
Multi-functional product that is a product of the original function at the same time on the basis of An increase of other features. In the modern product design, a lot of products Taste-oriented products, to the neglect of the product itself should be achieved Function. More incredible is that many products do not function between There is no contact, resulting in the use of barriers to consumers. I Can the following areas for analysis:
（1）. Multifunctional products used in the course of interaction between the functional People in the use of multi-function products, in any particular definition Tasks, only to use a feature, and in the use of this function when Further, other features is idle, but will to some extent .Affect the normal function of use, so a certain inconvenience.
（2）. Multifunctional costs of waste Multi-function products in the realization of multi-function, it is bound to consider the function .Integration, and relative position, the use of mutual influence and therefore will Modeling the effect of the increase in costs,
（3）. Multi-purpose function caused by waste Products are designed for specific consumer, the product's features, According to the specific needs of the same characteristics of the consumers consider, if the functions of the product , Is bound to cause the target groups are not satisfied with, because they choose a product At the same time as the purchase of this product to other subsidiary functions, and when they do not need this .Some function of time, causing a waste product.
3. the elderly on the phone function of attitude
The multi-function mobile phone has become the elderly impede a clear choice for mobile phones Su, the elderly handset design to understand the function of the elderly on the phone and see attitude , To guide the choice of the appropriate functions.
The author interviewed by the user, for the following five issues on the 40-year-old 60 to 70 The goal of a consumer survey:
① you will choose to smart phones or cell phones? 3 G ?
② you think are familiar with a new cell phone? Difficult process ?
③ you use the phone call often encountered difficulties ? What is your opinion Reasons for the mobile phone operating difficulties ?
④ you understand the functions of the existing mobile phone set up for you? ?
⑤ you in the market to see whether their satisfaction over the phone ?
Survey results are as follows:
① 100% of the elderly do not understand that it would not choose or smart phones or hand 3 G - This shows handset technology and the development of information technology has not brought benefits to the elderly And convenient, because they are on the forefront of technology and information is not sensitive and does not understand the new mobile phones The use of another part of older persons about smart phones, but they are not elected Optional because of the specialized and complex operation is they can not accept.
② 29% of elderly people generally think, with a new mobile phone is not the process Too difficult to 71 percent of the elderly that difficult or very difficult. For users with a new brand of mobile phones, will have an adjustment The process of the adaptation of this process could speed evaluation of a cell phone during the operation A reasonable degree. And the majority of older persons familiar with a cell phone that the process is difficult, That is now the mobile phone operator relatively cumbersome; the other hand, the old People accept new things, the weak, and the phone did not take note of this special design The special needs groups.
③ the elderly in the use of mobile phones, the main difficulty encountered the following:
1) Operating cumbersome;
2) unclear screen display;
3) unclear key figure
4) big enough voice.
On the other hand, the elderly, leading to difficulties in the main mobile phone operators are:
1) too many functions;
2) key locations and with disorder.
④ the existing phone features: 71 percent of the elderly that is not satisfied or not Satisfied with only 29 percent of the elderly satisfactory.
⑤ 71% of the elderly believe that the market does not have its own satisfaction with the phone. Because the hand Main developments in the two directions: First, high-end handsets, with more features, to Smart direction, the operation was too complex for the elderly, but also the relative prices Higher and the other is low-end phones, features a simple, but most of the past few years launched Style, a smaller screen, smaller buttons, the elderly do not meet the vision requirements. So Both types of cell phone use are not suitable for the elderly.
Survey results show that most of these elderly people can not accept multi-function mobile phones, due to For multi-function mobile phone to give them the easy but not difficult. To interview a - 68-year-old Ge Xiansheng example, the functions of mobile phones is very offensive, when asked why the , He said, I will not use the phone, then the complex functions and procedures, no resistance Heart to see to learn, I feel no fixed-line phones instead of convenience. The Ge Xiansheng the Reflect the views of the actual situation of many elderly people.
At the same time over the phone survey reflects the features of older persons to the requirements:
① useful function: many mobile phones now in order to catch up with the forefront of technology, added Many useful features, thus increasing the difficulty of the use of mobile phones. Phone features should be The relevance, that is, in the use of time-saving, effective and easier to achieve the purpose of use. This The use of the elderly must be considered when and if some of the features of the settings can not be effective
Use, it is not easy to complete, or simply do not have access to these features, then the phone Design for the elderly, is a failure.
② easy to use: the elderly tend to want to live supplies to use simple, gymnastics For easy and convenient maintenance, Moyoufudan. Now the phone constantly modified, Trying to meet more needs, such as phone keypad gradually change to the computer keyboard, This is a significant increase in the use of the difficulty of the elderly do not want to use the phone - Status. Thus, simple, easy-to-use phone for the elderly is the most important.
③ economic durability: the elderly due to the economic basis of generally poor, but also because of thinking To the concept of reasons, even if the economic situation better, their lives will be very frugal, because This life they will choose the economic and durable products, more functional and decorative, Lai, higher prices of handsets will not be generally accepted by the elderly.
4. to mobile phones as an example of multi-function products for analysis
Phone as a people daily use of mobile communications equipment, it should realize The function is linked to anytime, anywhere to be able to contact the people, or to each other and voice - Words or transmit text messages. However, we are seeing today the phone while colorful, Quezao has deviated from the most simple request, cell phone and a lot of functions spelled As a result, these features are not well used. We can From the following aspects of the functions of mobile phones inappropriate for analysis:
1. Multifunctional phone idle
From camera phones to mp3, mp4 mobile phones, mobile phones become increasingly more functional, it is Dazzling. The multi-function mobile phone and let us feel the era of progress and technology Fast development, but also create a more exciting world of cell phones, but in fact we
We really need so many? ?
Text messaging, Notepad (acting reminded), the tone set, Bluetooth, Internet browsing, Download, calendar, infrared, games, mobile phone set, business card holder (telephone directories), single Digital conversion, digital camera, the English-Chinese dictionary, e-purse, digital camera, video podcasts Fang, tape recorders, keyboard lock, electronic books, phone records, office software, text Items folder (pictures, music, etc.), an alarm, e-mail, ringtone editor, call transfer, Music player, the screen transform ? ?
In such a multi-function, calls and send and receive text messages is still the highest utilization rate of hand Machine function. Even many young consumers that: Hua Leqian bought a function - The phone, trying to take full advantage of all the phone functions, and in fact do not
With many new features is idle.
To the camera phones as an example, the frequency of use, in just to buy As the phone when novel, occasionally want to use it, once familiar, this work Can be left idle with a display, while the picture quality, the camera phone Machine far as ordinary digital cameras. Therefore camera is no doubt does not apply When the function.
Mobile video player, theoretically speaking it could be achieved, "players can" Functions. But the current mobile phone video format supported by less than many of the computer, and Since the majority of the screen and small, and rarely use wide-screen design, visual effect .Fruit not always. Even the use of large-screen handwriting smart phones (Ruyou ), The sharpness of the image can hardly satisfactory, but the phone sound effects relative Quality is not high, watch videos will also affect the results.
Therefore, over the phone's functions flashy, particularly older consumers Consumers Fee, how can those willing to idle in the state, the bad effects of the use of power Can be paid ？
2. Multifunctional lead to shorten the waiting time
Increasing the screen, gradually strengthen the camera, high-quality ringtones, built-in Tour Drama, video applications such as spread, the function of increasingly powerful cell phones, of course, Power consumption will naturally grow. Ministry of Information Industry of the persons concerned, the current Mobile phones on the market function and the development of mobile phone batteries can not simultaneously, making some new work When in use was limited.
A color screen camera phones normal standby time is three days, but if used Take pictures, then their standby time only five hours, if at the same time use a variety of functions So, its standby time will be shorter, leading to some of the functions of power has become more In name only. This use of these features to users at great inconvenience. Super power .Question has become almost all 3 G mobile phone users in trouble.
These inappropriate function for the elderly, can not be good use, But also affect other features are used so that they encountered in the use of more Great difficulties, from the elderly to a large extent limited the use of multi-function mobile phone possible.
3. Startling new features consumption
Can watch TV, movies on demand in recent years is a major new phones selling point. Such GPRS handset can use the Internet, but to see a half-hour television at least 50 yuan, to see 90 Minutes to 200 yuan over large! And the screen slow, like animation, special consumption Xinhua. This largely affected the interests of consumers, but not very high cost .Good service, the result is to give up the use of these features.
4. Bring Internet phone virus
The emergence of mobile phone virus is also the last year or so, the popularity of mobile phones with special Do not be smart phones and 3 G network development, mobile speed of transmission and harm - Degree will also be increasing. Bluetooth dare not open, mobile Internet is also very carefully, Mo Health and dare not open the messages, cell phone viruses emerging and greatly limit the functions of mobile phones The full use of.
From the above aspects of the analysis, the mobile phone with features that make excessive It lost its true colors, these extra features can not be fully used, But also affect the normal function of the use of mobile phones, but also increase the consumer's economy Burden for young consumers even so, then they asked for the elderly That will become more pronounced. These inappropriate function on the phone had a negative shadow Ring, failed to meet the real needs of consumers, but also caused the phone a waste of resources.
5. Conclusion
To sum up, product design can not be excessive in the pursuit of the neglect of middle - The usefulness of goods, consumers should be able to take full advantage of the characteristics of the consumer-specific To design, select the most appropriate product features, such products can not only make Reflects the best value, but also conducive to the safe use of products of comfort, but also To reduce product costs, more conducive to consumer acceptance and use of products.
References
[1] Wang Ming purpose. Product design. Beijing: China Academy of Fine Arts Publishing House, 1999.11 (April 2003 reprint)
[2] Ren Health. Design Psychology. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2005.7
[3] Zhang Zhihua, 000 ran. Appropriate design: product modeling of contemporary design concepts. Nanchang University Journal Vol.34 No. 6, 2003.11
[4] into the phone a few new features on useless. Telephone information reported, 2003.11
[5] have a say. Handset additional features practical analysis. Zhongguancun Online Forum, 2006.8
英文翻譯（譯文）
對產(chǎn)品多功能設計的探討
——以老年人手機設計為例
∷楊晶晶 YANG Jingjing
∷南京理工大學泰州科技學院
一、產(chǎn)品功能
對產(chǎn)品而言功能是指產(chǎn)品的具體用途，也可以把功能理解為作用、效用、效能，就是說一個產(chǎn)品是干什么用的。例如杯子的功能是盛水，鐘表的功能是計時，喇叭的功能是發(fā)出聲音等。
產(chǎn)品的使用價值是通過功能來實現(xiàn)的，功能是產(chǎn)品的基本屬性。產(chǎn)品的功能主要包括實用功能、審美功能兩個方面的內(nèi)容。
產(chǎn)品的實用功能主要是以作為人們?yōu)檫_到某一目的的工具的方式體現(xiàn)的，比如汽車是人的代步工具，生產(chǎn)設備是制造物品的工具、顯示器是人機交流的工具，座椅是休息的工具等。一般來說，所有工業(yè)化批量生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品都具備一定程度上的實用功能，這是產(chǎn)品的一項基本屬性。
產(chǎn)品的審美功能主要是指產(chǎn)品通過造型、色彩、材料、肌理所體現(xiàn)的美給人帶來心情的愉悅和情感的滿足。審美功能明顯地受不同社會因素的影響，不同文化、信仰，不同階層、職業(yè)，不同年齡的人們會有不同的審美情趣，審美功能也隨時間的推移而發(fā)生變化。
二、產(chǎn)品的多功能分析
多功能產(chǎn)品即一種產(chǎn)品在原有功能的基礎上同時又增加了其他功能。在現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設計中，很多產(chǎn)品一味注重產(chǎn)品的多功能，而忽略了產(chǎn)品本身應該實現(xiàn)的功能。更不可置信的是，很多產(chǎn)品的功能之間根本不存在任何聯(lián)系，從而造成了消費者使用中的障礙。我們可以從以下幾個方面進行分析：
1. 多功能產(chǎn)品使用過程中，功能之間相互影響
人們在使用多功能產(chǎn)品的時候，定義在任何特定任務中，都只用到一種功能，而在使用這種功能的時候，其他的功能處于閑置狀態(tài)，而且會在一定程度上影響正常功能的使用，因此會形成一定的不便。
2. 多功能造成成本的浪費
多功能產(chǎn)品在實現(xiàn)多功能的時候，勢必要考慮功能之間的整合，以及相對位置關(guān)系，使用中的相互影響作用，因此就會無形中增加了造型的成本，
3. 多功能造成功能浪費
產(chǎn)品都是針對特定消費者進行設計的，對于產(chǎn)品的功能，同樣需要根據(jù)具體消費者的特點進行考慮，如果產(chǎn)品的功能過多，勢必會造成目標人群的不滿意，因為他們在選擇一個產(chǎn)品的同時也購買到這個產(chǎn)品的其他附屬功能，而當他們不需要這些功能的時候，就造成了產(chǎn)品的浪費。
三、老年人對手機功能的態(tài)度
手機的多功能已經(jīng)成為阻礙老年人選擇手機的一個明顯因素，因此老年人手機設計要了解老年人對手機功能的態(tài)度和看法，以指導適當功能的選擇。筆者通過用戶訪談，針對以下5 個問題對40 位60～70 歲
的目標消費者進行了調(diào)查：
① 您會選擇智能手機或3G 手機嗎？
② 您認為熟悉一款新的手機的過程困難嗎？
③ 您使用手機打電話時經(jīng)常遇到什么困難？您認為是什么原因?qū)е率謾C操作困難？
④ 您所了解的現(xiàn)有手機的功能設置適合您嗎？
⑤ 您在市場上是否看到過自己滿意的手機？
調(diào)查結(jié)果如下：
① 100% 的老年人表示不會選擇或不了解智能手機或3G 手機，這說明手機技術(shù)及信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展沒有給老年人帶來利益和方便，因為他們對前沿的技術(shù)及信息不敏感，不了解手機新
的使用方式；另一部分老年人了解智能手機，但他們卻不會選擇，因為操作的專業(yè)化及復雜化是他們所無法接受的。
② 29% 的老年人認為一般，熟悉一款新的手機的過程不是太困難；71% 的老年人認為困難或很困難。使用者在換用新的品牌的手機的時候，必然會有一個適應的過程，對這個過程的適應速度可以評價一款手機操作過程的合理程度。而大部分老年人認為熟悉一款手機的過程是困難的，這就說明現(xiàn)在的手機操作相對較為繁瑣；從另一方面來說，老年人接受新事物的能力較弱，而手機設計沒有注意到這個特殊群體的特殊需求。
③ 老年人在使用手機時，主要遇到以下困難：
1）操作繁瑣；
2）看不清屏幕顯示；
3）看不清按鍵數(shù)字；
4）聲音不夠大。
另一方面，老年人認為，導致手機操作困難的主要原因有：
1）功能太多；
2）按鍵位置及排列錯亂。
④ 對于現(xiàn)有的手機功能：71% 的老年人認為不太滿意或不滿意，只有29% 的老年人認為滿意。
⑤ 71% 的老年人認為市場上沒有自己滿意的手機。因為手機主要朝兩個方向發(fā)展：一是高端手機，擁有較多的功能，向智能方向發(fā)展，對于老年人來說操作過于復雜，而且價格相對
較高；二是低端手機，功能較簡單，但是大多是前幾年推出的款式，屏幕較小，按鍵較小，不符合老年人的視覺要求。因此這兩種類型的手機都不適合老年人使用。
以上調(diào)查結(jié)果表明大多數(shù)老年人無法接受多功能手機，因為多功能手機給他們帶來的不是方便而是困難。以訪談中的一位68 歲的葛先生為例，他對手機的功能很反感，當問及原因的時候，他說，我不會用手機，那么復雜的功能和程序，沒有耐心去看去學，感覺手機反而沒有固定電話方便。這位葛先生的看法反映了很多老年人的實際情況。
同時以上調(diào)查反映出老年人對手機功能的要求：
① 功能實用：現(xiàn)在好多手機為了追趕技術(shù)的前沿，增添了許多不實用的功能，從而增加了手機的使用難度。手機功能應該具有實用性，即在使用時省力、有效，容易達到使用目的。這是老年人使用時必須考慮的，如果某些功能的設置不能夠有效使用，不容易完成，或者這些功能根本就用不上，那么手機的設計對于老年人來說就是失敗的。
② 使用簡便：老年人往往希望生活用品使用方法簡單，操作輕松，而且保養(yǎng)維修方便，沒有負擔?，F(xiàn)在的手機不斷改型，力圖滿足更多的需求，例如手機鍵盤逐漸向電腦鍵盤轉(zhuǎn)變，可是這明顯增加了使用的難度，造成老年人不愿意使用手機的狀況。 因此，操作簡單，使用方便的手機對老年人來說是最重要的。
③ 經(jīng)濟耐用：老年人由于經(jīng)濟基礎一般較差，而且由于思想觀念的原因，即使經(jīng)濟狀況較好，他們的生活也會很儉樸，因此生活中他們會選擇經(jīng)濟耐用的產(chǎn)品，因此功能較多、裝飾華麗、價格較高的手機一般不會被老年人所接受。
四、以手機為例對產(chǎn)品多功能進行分析
手機作為一種人們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫囊苿油ㄓ嵲O備，它應該實現(xiàn)的功能是隨時隨地能聯(lián)系到所要聯(lián)系的人，即能和對方語音通話或傳輸文字信息?？墒俏覀兘裉焖吹降氖謾C雖然五光十色，卻早已經(jīng)背離了這個最簡單的要求，手機成了很多功能堆砌而成的一種產(chǎn)物，而這些功能卻沒有得到很好的使用。我們可以從以下幾個方面對手機不適當?shù)墓δ苓M行分析：
1. 多功能手機功能閑置
從照相手機到mp3、mp4 手機，手機功能日趨增多，令人眼花繚亂。手機的多功能化讓我們感受到時代的進步和科技的飛快發(fā)展，也造就了一個更加精彩的手機世界，但事實上我們真的需要那么多嗎？
短信息、記事本（辦事提醒）、鈴聲設定、藍牙、上網(wǎng)瀏覽、下載、日歷、紅外線、游戲、手機設置、名片夾（電話簿）、單位換算、數(shù)碼拍照、英漢字典、電子錢包、數(shù)碼攝像、視頻播放器、錄音機、鍵盤鎖定、電子圖書、通話記錄、辦公軟件、文件夾（圖片、音樂等）、鬧鈴、電子郵件、鈴聲編輯、來電轉(zhuǎn)移、音樂播放器、屏幕變換? .
在這么多功能中，通話和收發(fā)短信仍然是利用率最高的手機功能。即使是很多年輕的消費者都認為：花了錢買了功能強大的手機，想把手機功能都充分利用起來，而實際上卻完全不同，許多新功能都處于閑置狀態(tài)。以手機的照相功能為例，就使用頻率來說，在剛剛購買到手機時由于新奇，偶爾會想起來使用，可一旦熟悉了，這個功能就被閑置起來成了擺設；而就畫面質(zhì)量來說，手機上的照相機也遠遠不如普通的數(shù)碼照相機。因此照相功能無疑屬于不適當?shù)墓δ堋?
手機的視頻播放功能，從理論上來講它可以實現(xiàn)“隨身看”的功能?？墒悄壳笆謾C所支持的視頻格式比電腦要少很多，而且由于大多數(shù)手機屏幕較小，而且很少采用寬屏設計，視覺效果不能盡如人意。即使是采用大屏幕的手寫智能手機（如右圖），其圖像清晰度也難以令人滿意，而且手機的聲音效果相對質(zhì)量不高，也會影響觀看視頻的效果。
因此，手機的過多的功能華而不實，消費者尤其是老年消費者，怎能愿意為了這些處于閑置狀態(tài)的、使用效果不好的功能付費呢？
2. 多功能導致待機時間縮短
屏幕越來越大、拍照功能逐漸強化，高音質(zhì)鈴聲、內(nèi)置游戲、視頻播放等應用迅速普及，手機的功能越來越強大，當然耗電量也自然會越來越大。信產(chǎn)部的有關(guān)人士分析，由于目前
市場上的手機功能與手機電池的發(fā)展未能同步，使得有些新功能在使用時受到了限制。
一款彩屏拍照手機正常的待機時間是3 天，但是如果用于拍照，那么其待機時間只有5 個小時，如果同時使用多種功能的話，其待機時間將會更短，導致有些耗電比較大的功能成了虛設。這給用戶使用這些功能時帶來很大的不便。超大耗電量問題成為幾乎所有3G 手機的使用者的煩惱。
這些不適當?shù)墓δ軐τ诶夏耆藖碚f，不僅不能很好的使用，而且還影響到其他功能的使用，使得他們在使用過程中遇到更大的困難，從很大程度上限制了老年人使用多功能手機的可能。
3. 新功能消費驚人
能看電視、點播電影是近年來新款手機的一大賣點。這類手機可以采用GPRS 上網(wǎng)，但是看半小時電視至少50 元，看90分鐘的大片要200 元以上！而且畫面慢，像動畫片，還特別耗電。這很大程度上影響了消費者的利益，花費高而且得不到很好的服務，結(jié)果是放棄對這些功能的使用。
4. 上網(wǎng)帶來手機病毒
手機病毒的出現(xiàn)也是最近一年多的事，隨著手機的普及特別是智能手機和3G網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展，手機病毒的傳播速度和危害程度也將與日俱增。藍牙功能不敢開、手機上網(wǎng)也萬分小心、陌生短信不敢打開，手機病毒的不斷出現(xiàn)也大大限制了手機功能的充分利用。
從以上幾個方面的分析來看，手機的過多的附帶功能使它失去了本來面目，這些多余的功能不但不能被充分地利用，而且影響手機正常功能的使用，同時也加重了消費者的經(jīng)濟
負擔，對于年輕的消費者尚且如此，那么對于老年人這些問題會更加明顯。因此這些不適當?shù)墓δ軐κ謾C造成了負面影響，沒有很好地滿足消費者的真實需求，同時也造成了手機資源的浪費。
五、結(jié)論
綜上所述，產(chǎn)品設計中不能過分的追求多功能而忽略了產(chǎn)品的實用性，要能夠充分把握消費者的特點，針對具體的消費者進行設計，選擇該產(chǎn)品最適當?shù)墓δ?，這樣不僅能夠使產(chǎn)品體現(xiàn)最適合的價值，而且有利于產(chǎn)品的舒適安全使用，同時也能夠降低產(chǎn)品的成本，更有利于消費者接受和使用產(chǎn)品。
參考文獻
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[2] 任立生. 設計心理學. 北京：化學工業(yè)出版社, 2005.7
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[4] 手機新功能幾成沒用上. 電話信息報, 2003.11
[5] 有一說一. 手機附加功能實用性分析. 中關(guān)村在線論壇, 2006.8