外文資料翻譯THE DEVELOPMENT OF INJECTIONWith the diversification of plastic injection molding machine is more and more big, the market demand of equipment upgrading also more and more quickly. Early machine is full hydraulic pressure type, because the environment protection and energy needs, and the application of mature servo motor and the price dropped substantially, with plastic diversified market demand is bigger and bigger, injection molding machine equipment upgrading also more and more quickly. Early machine is full hydraulic pressure type, because the environment protection and energy needs, and the application of mature servo motor and the price drop dramatically in recent years, the type of precision injection molding machine more, only two kinds of different characteristics of power, injection molding machines may find technical development direction.Hydraulic injection molding precision, complex shape of products has many advantages, it from the traditional single cylinder filling type, multi-cylinder filling type development of two plates, including direct pressure on two straight pressure as the representative, but its control technology, high precision machining, hydraulic technology is also difficult to master.The machine has advantages of type series, especially in the environmental protection and energy saving, due to the use of servo motor control precision injection, speed and stable, still can multistage adjustment. But all the life on the machine type hydraulic injection than all the hydraulic injection, must use the confidential guarantee accuracy with closed loop control servo valves, and servo valves, expensive cost rises.Electric hydraulic injection -- which is integrated hydraulic and electric drive new machines, it incorporates the hydraulic injection performance and the type of energy-saving advantages, this combination of hydraulic power - has become a complex machine injection technology development direction. Molding industry is facing a rapid development opportunity, but the cost in injection products, electricity is according to the proportion of injection process equipment, the demand for oil pump motor power injection, the power equipment of 50-65, and energy saving potential extremely, design and manufacture of a new generation of “energy-saving“, becomes the injection molding machine urgently needs attention and solve problems.Using the machine synchronous signal and electric control system, according to the requirements of injection molding, electro-hydraulic proportional control system, simulation into load tracking control system, make the pump motor speed and injection molding machine work flow and pressure of the hydraulic pressure is directly proportional to the product of traditional quantitative pump into frequency variable pump, thus making the relief valve to minimize the oil flux, high energy loss and throttling traditional have high energy consumption of “type“ throttling injection for upgrading the throttle pressure injection “, “saving energy saving of the main functions of injection besides, according to the characteristics of the energy-saving principle, also has the advantages of additional series, including: relieve, clamping, prolong service life; mechanical and mould Extended oil system (seal components etc.) use life, reduce maintenance frequency, save maintenance cost, To reduce noise and improve the working environment, The oil temperature system, cooling water significantly reduce can save 30% above, For motor has advantages, over-current, lack of protection equal, The original control mode and injection fuel unchanged. Upgrading machines will be for “energy-saving, its investment (“ injection molding machine is mainly inverter) should be in a year by saving electricity can be recovered or oil fee.Anyhow, the development “energy-saving“ theory, injection of small investment, benefit, maybe in the future, frequency energy-saving injection molding machine manufacturing industry to become the new relationship.ABOUT PLC TECHNOLOGYProgrammable controller based on micro processor as - as the computer technology, automatic control technology and communication technology to develop a new industrial control device. It is simple in structure, convenient programming and high reliability etc, has been widely used in industrial process and the position of the automatic control. According to statistics, programmable controller is applied in industrial automation devices most kind equipment. Experts think, programmable controller will become the main means and industrial control equipment, one of the important basis, robot, CAD/CAM will become the three pillars of industrial production.In relay Control logic, and 3C (based on the Computer and Communication technology, combining constant development and improvement. Now from single sequence control, development scale to include process control, and the position control etc all control field.Automation system by use of various types, have a plenty of centralized control, have installed in the production of decentralized installed in every single device, although they are in high voltage circuit and heavy equipment in the form of electromagnetic environment, but bad for industrial production environment and design of control device, in the design and manufacture process using multi-level anti-interference measures and selected elements, it has stronger ability to adapt to bad industrial environments, the operation stability and high reliability, thus generally do not need to take any special measures can be directly used in industrial environment.High reliability is the key performance of electrical control equipment. Because of using modern large scale integrated circuit technology, adopting strict production process manufacturing, internal circuit adopted advanced anti-interference techniques, and has high reliability. Such as mitsubishi series production of F high MTBF 30 million hours. Some use redundancy of the CPU is the average time longer trouble-free. From the machine used for circuit, control system, and the same form of relay contact system, electrical wiring and compared to switch contacts have one hundreds and even thousands of fault is greatly reduced. In addition, with hardware failures function, malfunction can timely warning message. In software applications, users can also into outer device of fault diagnosis procedure, make system in addition to the circuit and equipment outside for fault diagnosis. So, the system has high reliability, I wouldn't be surprised.注塑機(jī)的發(fā)展隨著塑膠制品多樣化市場需求越來越大,注塑機(jī)設(shè)備的升級換代也越來越快。早期的注塑機(jī)都是全液壓式，由于環(huán)保和節(jié)能的需要，以及伺服電機(jī)的成熟應(yīng)用和價格的大幅度下降，隨著塑膠制品多樣化市場需求越來越大,注塑機(jī)設(shè)備的升級換代也越來越快。早期的注塑機(jī)都是全液壓式，由于環(huán)保和節(jié)能的需要，以及伺服電機(jī)的成熟應(yīng)用和價格的大幅度下降，近年來全電動式的精密注塑機(jī)越來越多，只有比較兩類不同動力源注塑機(jī)的特點(diǎn)，才有可能弄清注塑機(jī)的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。全液壓式注塑機(jī)在成型精密、形狀復(fù)雜的制品方面有許多獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢，它從傳統(tǒng)的單缸充液式、多缸充液式發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的兩板直壓式，其中以兩板直壓式最具代表性，但其控制技術(shù)難度大，機(jī)械加工精度高，液壓技術(shù)也難掌握。全電動式注塑機(jī)有一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)，特別是在環(huán)保和節(jié)能方面的優(yōu)勢，由于使用伺服電機(jī)注射控制精度較高，轉(zhuǎn)速也較穩(wěn)定，還可以多級調(diào)節(jié)。但全電動式注塑機(jī)在使用壽命上不如全液壓式注塑機(jī)，而全液壓式注塑機(jī)要保證精度就必須使用帶閉環(huán)控制的伺服閥，而伺服閥價格昂貴，帶來成本上升。電動—液壓式注塑機(jī)是集液壓和電驅(qū)動于一體的新型注塑機(jī)，它融合了全液壓式注塑機(jī)的高性能和全電動式的節(jié)能優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這種電動-液壓相結(jié)合的復(fù)合式注塑機(jī)已成為注塑機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。注塑行業(yè)正面臨著一個飛速發(fā)展的機(jī)遇，然而在注塑產(chǎn)品的成本構(gòu)成中，電費(fèi)占了相當(dāng)?shù)谋壤罁?jù)注塑機(jī)設(shè)備工藝的需求，注塑機(jī)油泵馬達(dá)耗電占整個設(shè)備耗電量的比例高達(dá) 50%-65%，因而極具節(jié)能潛力，設(shè)計與制造新一代“節(jié)能型”注塑機(jī)，就成為迫切需要關(guān)注和解決的問題。利用注塑機(jī)同步信號及電氣控制系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)注塑成型的工藝要求，將電液比例控制系統(tǒng)，模擬成負(fù)載跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)，使油泵電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速與注塑機(jī)工作所需液壓的流量與壓力乘積成正比，將傳統(tǒng)的定量泵改造成變頻變量泵，從而使溢流閥的回油流量降到最小，無高壓節(jié)流能量損失，進(jìn)而將傳統(tǒng)有高壓節(jié)流的“耗能型”注塑機(jī)升級為無高壓節(jié)流的“節(jié)能型”注塑機(jī)，節(jié)能型注塑機(jī)除了節(jié)能功能之主要特性外，依據(jù)其節(jié)能原理，還具有附加系列的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，包括：減輕開、鎖模沖擊，延長機(jī)械和模具使用壽命；延長油路系統(tǒng)(密封組件等)使用壽命，減少維修次數(shù)、節(jié)省維護(hù)費(fèi)用；降低噪音、改善工作環(huán)境；系統(tǒng)油溫大幅降低，冷卻用水量可節(jié)省 30%以上；對電機(jī)具有過壓、過流、缺相等多種保護(hù)；注塑機(jī)原有的控制方式及油路不變。將注塑機(jī)改造升級為“節(jié)能型”注塑機(jī)，其投資(主要是變頻器)應(yīng)該在一年內(nèi)可通過節(jié)約的電費(fèi)或油費(fèi)收回。總之，開發(fā)“節(jié)能型”注塑機(jī)理論可行，投資小、效益明顯，或許在不久的將來，變頻節(jié)能型注塑機(jī)會成為注塑機(jī)制造業(yè)的新賣點(diǎn)。關(guān)于 PLC 技術(shù)可編程控制器簡稱——是以微處理器為基礎(chǔ)，綜合了計算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動控制技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)發(fā)展而來的一種新型工業(yè)控制裝置。它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、編程方便、可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已廣泛用于工業(yè)過程和位置的自動控制中。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，可編程控制器是工業(yè)自動化裝置中應(yīng)用最多的一種設(shè)備。專家認(rèn)為，可編程控制器將成為今后工業(yè)控制的主要手段和重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備之一， 、機(jī)器人、CAD/CAM 將成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的三大支柱。是在繼電器控制邏輯基礎(chǔ)上，與 3C(Computer,Control,Communication)技術(shù)相結(jié)合，不斷發(fā)展完善的。目前已從小規(guī)模單機(jī)順序控制，發(fā)展到包括過程控制、位置控制等場合的所有控制領(lǐng)域。自動化系統(tǒng)中所使用的各種類型，有的是集中安裝在控制室，有的是分散安裝在生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場的各單機(jī)設(shè)備上，雖然它們大多處在強(qiáng)電電路和強(qiáng)電設(shè)備所形成的惡劣電磁環(huán)境中，但是專門為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境而設(shè)計的控制裝置，在設(shè)計和制造過程中采用了多層次抗干擾和精選元件措施，故具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)惡劣工業(yè)環(huán)境的能力、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性和較高的可靠性，因此一般不需要采取什么特殊措施就可以直接在工業(yè)環(huán)境使用。高可靠性是電氣控制設(shè)備的關(guān)鍵性能。由于采用現(xiàn)代大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)，采用嚴(yán)格的生產(chǎn)工藝制造，內(nèi)部電路采取了先進(jìn)的抗干擾技術(shù)，具有很高的可靠性。例如三菱公司生產(chǎn)的 F 系列平均無故障時間高達(dá) 30 萬小時。一些使用冗余CPU 的平均無故障工作時間則更長。從的機(jī)外電路來說，使用構(gòu)成控制系統(tǒng)，和同等規(guī)模的繼電接觸器系統(tǒng)相比，電氣接線及開關(guān)接點(diǎn)已減少到數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千分之一，故障也就大大降低。此外，帶有硬件故障自我檢測功能，出現(xiàn)故障時可及時發(fā)出警報信息。在應(yīng)用軟件中，應(yīng)用者還可以編入外圍器件的故障自診斷程序，使系統(tǒng)中除以外的電路及設(shè)備也獲得故障自診斷保護(hù)。這樣，整個系統(tǒng)具有極高的可靠性也就不奇怪了。